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Immersed Boundary Approach to Biofilm Spread on Surfaces

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Communications in Computational Physics 2022年第1期31卷 257-292页

作者： ana Carpio Rafael Gonzalez-Albaladejo Departamento de Matematica Aplicada Universidad Complutense28040 MadridSpain

We propose a computational model to study the growth and spread of bacterial biofilms on interfaces,as well as the action of antibiotics on *** membranes are represented by boundaries immersed in a fluid matrix and subject to interaction ***,division and death of bacterial cells follow dynamic energy budget rules,in response to variations in environmental concentrations of nutrients,toxicants and substances released by the *** this way,we create,destroy and enlarge boundaries,either spherical or *** forces represent details of the interaction between cells,and the interaction with the *** can investigate geometrical arrangements and the formation of porous *** simulations illustrate the evolution of top views and diametral slices of small biofilm seeds,as well as the action of *** show that cocktails of antibiotics targeting active and dormant cells can entirely eradicate a biofilm.

关键词： Hybrid multiscale models immersed boundary methods dynamic energy budget models bacterial biofilm antibiotic resistance

Hydroxychloride trace minerals have a positive effect on growth performance,carcass quality and impact ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 1112-1124页

作者： Sandra J.A.van Kuijk Yanming Han ana Isabel Garcia-Ruiz ana Rodiles Trouw Nutrition R&D P.O.Box 2993800AGAmersfoortthe Netherlands Trouw Nutrition R&D 45950 Casarrubios del MonteToledoSpain.

Background:The objective was to study the effect of hydroxychloride trace minerals(HTM)on growth performance,carcass quality and gut microbiota of broiler chickens in comparison to sulphate trace minerals(STM).In total 1440 male Ross 308 day-old chicks were divided into 12 replicate pens with 30 birds each per *** different treatments were tested according to a 2×2 factorial study design,where the animals received a three phase diet containing either inorganic Zn from sulphates or Zn from HTM in high(80 mg/kg Zn)or low Zn dosage(20 mg/kg Zn).In all treatments 15 mg/kg Cu was added from the same mineral source as the *** weight and feed intake were measured on day 0,10,27 and 34,while carcass and breast meat yields were measured at the end of the study(day 34).In addition,high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed in digesta samples from ileum and cecum to study the gut microbiome(day 34).Results:The results showed an improved(Panalysis of the microbiota revealed a higher microbial diversity in the ileum and cecum of HTM fed birds compared to STM fed *** differences were mainly found in the cecum,specifically between the group fed high and low Zn levels from *** correlated with the mineral contents observed in the cecal *** both groups fed 80 mg/kg Zn,the HTM group had more Streptococcaceae,Streptococcus,Clostridia,Weissella and Leuconostocaceae compared to the STM ***:HTM improved growth performance of broiler chickens;and th

关键词： Broiler chickens Growth performance Gut microbiota Hydroxychloride trace minerals

Recent Advances and Challenges Toward Application of Fibers and Textiles in Integrated Photovoltaic Energy Storage Devices

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第3期15卷 190-247页

作者： Amjid Rafique Isabel Ferreira Ghulam Abbas ana Catarina Baptista CENIMAT|I3N Department of Materials ScienceSchool of Science and TechnologyNOVA University LisbonCampus de Caparica2829‑516 CaparicaPortugal

Flexible microelectronic devices have seen an increasing trend toward development of miniaturized,portable,and integrated devices as wearable electronics which have the requirement for being light weight,small in dimension,and *** three-dimensional(3D)and two-dimensional(2D)electronics gadgets fail to effectively comply with these necessities owing to their stiffness and large *** have come up with a new family of one-dimensional(1D)flexible and fiber-based electronic devices(FBEDs)comprising power storage,energy-scavenging,implantable sensing,and flexible displays ***,development and manufacturing are still a challenge owing to their small radius,flexibility,low weight,weave ability and integration in textile *** paper will provide a detailed review on the importance of substrates in electronic devices,intrinsic property requirements,fabrication classification and applications in energy harvesting,energy storage and other flexible electronic ***-and textile-based electronic devices for bulk/scalable fabrications,encapsulation,and testing are reviewed and presented future research ideas to enhance the commercialization of these fiber-based electronics devices.

关键词： Flexible electronics Electronic textiles Energy harvesting Supercapacitors Photovoltaic devices

Endophyte infection of Festuca eskia enhances seedling survival to drought and cutting at the expense of clonal expansion

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第4期4卷 201-208页

作者： anaïs Gibert Laurent Hazard Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique UMR 1248 AGIR31320 Castanet TolosanFrance

Symbiotic relationships between fungal endophytes and grass species are known to increase stress resistance in the grass host;however,there is little evidence to suggest that the positive effects occur early in the grass life *** this study,we explored the effects of the endophyte Epichloe¨festucae on the growth and survival of Festuca eskia seedlings under drought and frequent cutting *** Festuca eskia seedlings were collected from the western part of the plant repartition area in a non-symbiotic population located in a mesic and heavily grazed site(W-NS)and from the eastern part in a symbiotic population from a xeric and lightly grazed site(E-S).The E-S population was experimentally freed from its endophyte(E-F).Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare growth and survival between the three seedling types under drought stress and frequent *** the first experiment,126 seedlings per seedling type(n=378)were grown for 6 weeks under non-limiting conditions before the cessation of *** 3 weeks without irrigation,full irrigation was restored for 10 days to measure the survival *** length,leaf elongation rate and survival rate were assessed per *** the second experiment,156 seedlings per seedling type(n=468)were grown under non-limiting *** seedlings were cut to 3 cmhigh,twice a week,during the first month of *** elongation and tillering were monitored on 52 seedlings per seedling *** each type,seedling survival rate was determined by the number of plants alive after 10 days of regrowth,without *** Findings The drought experiment revealed a phenotypic differentiation to drought in 30 *** populations,suggesting adaptive differentiation:the eastern seedlings showed the highest survival rate.A tradeoff between growth and survival was highlighted:the highest drought survival rate was associated with the lowest leaf elongation rate under non-limiting water ***

关键词： Epichloëfestucae water stress cutting fitness native grass mutualism

Mapping of groundwater potential zones in the drought-prone areas of south Madagascar using geospatial techniques

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1403-1413页

作者： Charles Serele ana Perez-Hoyos Francois Kayitakire UNICEF Madagascar European Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)Via E.Fermi 2749I-21027IspraVAItaly

The southern regions of Madagascar have the country’s lowest water supply coverage and are highly vulnerable to *** to potable drinking water is a major challenge for the local *** droughts lead to annual emergency appeals to save the lives of acute malnourished ***’s response consisting in providing potable drinking water through the drilling of boreholes has been challenged by the complex hydrogeology,the low yield of boreholes and high-level salinity of water,the lack of reliable groundwater data and the weak capacity of the drilling *** constraints result in a high rate of drilling *** improve drilling success and provide more potable drinking water to local communities,it is vital to undertake reliable groundwater *** Madagascar and the European Union delegation in Madagascar collaborated on the use of satellite imagery to improve sector knowledge and access to safe and clean water for local communities in southern *** methodology relies on produce thematic layers of groundwater potential ***,these thematic layers were overlaid with ground-based hydrogeological data to map the groundwater potential zones(GWP) and identify the most suitable sites for borehole siting and *** of this study are very encouraging,and the integrated approach used has proven its applicability in mapping groundwater potential areas in the eight drought-affected areas of south *** groundwater potential zone map is being used by UNICEF and partners to plan water supply projects and identify the best sites for positioning new boreholes and reduce the likelihood of drilling ***,the project developed a database of groundwater resources,which will improve knowledge of the regional hydrogeological context and strengthen the capacity of the water *** learnt from this study show that an integration of the groundwater potential zone map with demographics a

关键词： Groundwater potential zones(GWP) Overlay analysis Remote sensing Geographic information system(GIS) South Madagascar

Households' Risk Perception and Behavioral Responses to Natech Accidents

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第1期8卷 1-15页

作者： Junlei Yu ana Maria Cruz Akihiko Hokugo School of Humanities and Social Science Nanyang Technological University Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto University Research Center for Urban Safety and Security Kobe University

This study analyzes data on households' risk perception and protective behavior following a natural disaster triggered technological accident(Natech accident)that occurred at an industrial park in Sendai during the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, on 11 March2011. The results indicate that some households carried out multiple evacuations and that households' risk perceptions changed throughout the Natech accident evacuation process. Risk perception differed according to household location and demographic characteristics. We also found differences in the protective measures adopted for households in different locations. Specifically, those living closer to the Natech accident tended to evacuate immediately,whereas those living further away tended to shelter in place. Wind direction is discussed as a factor that influences households' risk perception and evacuation response to a Natech accident. The findings of this study advance knowledge of household behavior in response to a Natech accident and can assist emergency managers in developing strategies for better management of evacuation processes.

关键词： Evacuation behavior Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Natech accidents Protective actions Risk perception

Vulnerability Factors of Afghan Rural Women to Disasters

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 573-590页

作者： Marina Hamidazada ana Maria Cruz Muneta Yokomatsu Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI) Kyoto UniversityKyoto 611-0011 Japan

Disaster management is a global challenge, but disasters do not affect men and women equally. In most of the world’s disasters, more females are impacted than males, and in Afghanistan the disparity between female and male victims is even greater. This study identifies and maps the relationships between the factors that make Afghan rural women more vulnerable to natural hazard-induced disasters. Data for this study were obtained through focus group discussions with rural women and men, as well as person-to-person interviews with employees of government and nongovernmental organizations at the national and local levels in Afghanistan. The study uses Grounded Theory and Interpretive Structural Modeling, not widely used before for this type of study, to analyze the data collected and to map the factors of vulnerability identified and their relationships. In agreement with previous studies,our findings show that insufficient disaster education,inadequate protection measures, and powerful cultural issues, both pre-and post-disaster, increase women’s vulnerability during and after disasters. In particular, cultural issues play a role after disasters by affecting women’s security, access to disaster aid, and health care. The study also found that perception regarding these cultural issues and how they affect women during disasters differs among men and women. Finally, by using Interpretive Structural Modeling, we show how the importance of the factors and their interrelationships change in predisaster and post-disaster situations. We conclude the article with some policy recommendations such as finding ways to allow women to participate in disaster planning activities and decision-making processes related to disaster risk reduction, as well as securing dedicated funds for the mainstreaming of gender in disaster risk reduction policies in Afghanistan.

关键词： Afghanistan Disaster vulnerability Gender roles Grounded Theory Rural area Women’s vulnerability

Conserved Curvature of RNA Polymerase Ⅰ Core Promoter Beyond rRNA Genes: The Case of the Tritryps

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2015年第6期13卷 355-363页

作者： Pablo Smircich María ana Duhagon Beatriz Garat Molecular Interactions Laboratory School of Sciences University of the Republic Genetics Departament School of Medicine University of the Republic

In trypanosomatids, the RNA polymerase I （RNAPI）-dependent promoters controlling the ribosomal RNA （rRNA） genes have been well identified. Although the RNAPI transcription machinery recognizes the DNA conformation instead of the DNA sequence of promoters, no con- formational study has been reported for these promoters. Here we present the in silico analysis of the intrinsic DNA curvature of the rRNA gene core promoters in Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leiskmania major. We found that, in spite of the absence of sequence conservation, these promoters hold conformational properties similar to other eukaryotic rRNA promoters. Our results also indicated that the intrinsic DNA curvature pattern is conserved within the Leishmania genus and also among strains of T. cruzi and T. brucei. Furthermore, we analyzed the impact of point mutations on the intrinsic curvature and their impact on the promoter activity. Furthermore, we found that the core promoters of protein-coding genes transcribed by RNAPI in T. brucei show the same conserved conformational characteristics. Overall, our results indicate that DNA intrinsic curvature of the rRNA gene core promoters is conserved in these ancient eukaryotes and such con- served curvature might be a requirement of RNAPI machinery for transcription of not only rRNA genes but also protein-coding genes.

关键词： Intrinsic curvature RNA polymerase I Core promoter Trypanosoma Leishmania

TET2, an “ambiguous” player in inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1481-1482页

作者： ana María Espinosa-Oliva Miguel Angel Burguillos Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC

Microglial cells,the“macrophages”from the central nervous system(CNS),perform a variety of roles necessary to keep the homeostasis in the healthy ***,microglial cells are best known for their role as“first responders”through initiation of an innate immune response against a wide variety of deleterious stimuli in the *** controlled inflammatory response is beneficial and disappears once the deleterious stimuli are gone.

关键词： inflammation homeostasis delete