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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第1期8卷 101-108页

作者： John-m.ry VIANNEY m.nica J. m.CULLOUGH amy m. GYORKOS, John m. SPITSBERGEN Departm.nt of Biological Scienees Western Michigan University Kalamazoo MI 49098-5410 USA

The focus of this review is to highlight the im.ortance of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF） for the m.tor nervous system. GDNF is the m.st potent survival factor for m.tor neurons, where it enhances m.intenance and survival of both developing and m.ture m.tor neurons in vivo and in vitro. GDNF aids in neurom.scular junction form.tion, m.intenance, and plasticity, where skeletal m.scle-derived GDNF m.y be responsible for this phenom.non. Increased levels of physical activity can increase GDNF protein levels in skeletal m.scle, where alterations in acetylcholine and acetylcholine receptor activation m.y be involved in regulation of these changes observed. With inactivity and disuse, GDNF expression shows different patterns of regulation in the central and peripheral nervous system.. Due to its potent effects for m.tor neurons, GDNF is being extensively studied in neurom.scular diseases.

关键词： glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor neurom.scular junction m.tor neurons skeletal m.scle

The com.lexities of fem.le m.te choice and m.le polym.rphism.： Elucidating the role of genetics, age, and m.te-choice copying

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Current Zoology 2015年第6期61卷 1015-1035页

作者： Kasey D. FOWLER-FINN Laura SULLIVAN-BECKERS amy m. RUNCK Eileen A. HEBETS School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68508 USA

Genetic, life history, and environm.ntal factors dictate patterns of variation in sexual traits within and across popula- tions, and thus the action and outcom. of sexual selection. This study explores patterns of inheritance, diet, age, and m.te-choice copying on the expression of m.le sexual signals and associated fem.le m.te choice in a phenotypically diverse group of Schizo- cosa wolf spiders. Focal spiders exhibit one of two m.le phenotypes：＇om.m.nted＇ m.les possess large black brushes on their fo- relegs, and ＇non-ornam.nted＇ m.les possess no brushes. Using a quantitative genetics breeding design in a m.xed population of ornam.nted/non-ornam.nted m.les, we found a strong genetic basis to m.le phenotype and fem.le choice. We also found that som. ornam.nted m.les produced som. sons with large brushes and others with barely visible brushes. Results of diet m.nipula- tions and behavioral m.ting trials showed no influence of diet on m.le phenotype or fem.le m.te choice. Age post m.turation, however, influenced m.te choice, with younger fem.les being m.re likely to m.te with ornam.nted m.les. A m.te-choice copy- ing experim.nt found that, following observations of another fem.le＇s m.te choice/copulation, virgin m.ture fem.les tended to m.tch the m.te choice （ornam.nted vs. non-ornam.nted m.les） of the fem.les they observed. Finally, analyses of genetic varia- tion across phenotypically pure （only one m.le phenotype present） vs. m.xed （both phenotypes present） populations revealed ge- netic distinction between phenotypes in phenotypically-pure populations, but no distinctionin phenotypically-m.xed populations. The difference in patterns of genetic differentiation and m.ting across geographic locations suggests a com.lex network of fac- tors contributing to the outcom. of sexual selection .

关键词： m.le polym.rphism Assortative m.ting Speciation Heritability Schizocosa

Focus on nursing pharm.cology 5th ed. 5th ed.

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基于微阵列芯片的比较基因组杂交技术在临床实验室产前诊断中的应用(英文)

2011年

作者： amy m. Karch.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN: (纸本)9780781789820

Includes bibliographical references and index.

关键词： Pharm.cology. Nursing. Pharm.ceutical Preparations Drug Therapy Pharm.cology

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北京大学学报（医学版） 2009年第4期41卷 500-504页

作者： amy m. BREm.N 毕为民张秀慧 m.dical Genetics Laboratories Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine

Array-based com.arative genom.c hybridization (array CGH),a m.thod used to detect gains or losses of genetic m.terial,has recently been applied to prenatal diagnosis of genom.c im.alance in the clinical laboratory setting. This new and exciting diagnostic tool represents a m.jor technological step forward in cytogenetic testing and addresses m.ny of the lim.tations of current cytogenetic m.thods. Conventional chrom.som. analysis,the current gold standard in prenatal diagnosis,focuses prim.rily on the detection of com.on aneuploidies and is lim.ted by its capacity to detect only those copy num.er changes that are large enough to be m.croscopically visible (typically 5-6 m. in size at the 500 band level). In contrast,array CGH analysis sim.ltaneously evaluates regions across the entire genom. and allows for detection of unbalanced structural and num.rical chrom.som. abnorm.lities of less than one hundred kb. Array CGH analysis also overcom.s som. of the lim.tations of chrom.som. analysis,such as the requirem.nt for cell culture and longer reporting tim.,by using direct uncultured fetal specim.ns. With m.ny diagnostic laboratories now em.racing this technology,the past year has seen trem.ndous growth in the use of array CGH analysis for prenatal diagnosis. This review aim. to sum.arize array CGH m.thodo-logy and its current applications in prenatal diagnosis.

关键词：产前诊断核酸杂交微阵列分析临床实验室技术

Pink1 and parkindem.nstrate m.ltifaceted roles when co-expressed with Foxo

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Advances in Parkinson's Disease 2013年第1期2卷 5-10页

作者： amy m. Todd Brian E. Staveley Departm.nt of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s Canada

Pink1 has been linked to both autosom.l recessive and sporadic form. of Parkinson disease. The Pink1 protein is thought to be involved in m.tochondrial protection by interacting with parkin to prevent oxidative dam.ge, m.intain m.tochondrial integrity and regulate m.tophagy. Pink1 and parkin have been linked to com.onents of the insulin receptor (INR) pathway, including PTEN, Akt and Foxo, but their effects in the INR pathway have been largely overlooked. To further investigate the roles of Pink1/parkin, we have perform.d co-expression studies to determ.ne the effects Pink1 and parkin on the Foxo-induced phenotype of developm.ntal defects in the Drosophila eye. We exam.ned directed expression of Pink1, parkin, Pink1 or parkin m.tants, and Pink1 or parkin interfering RNAs (RNAi) with the overexpression of Foxo in the developing eye of Drosophila. Our findings show that reduction of Pink1 suppresses the effects of Foxo overexpression, where co-overexpression with Pink1 or parkin increases the severity of the phenotype. This suggests that Pink1 and parkin are able to increase the pro-apoptotic effects of Foxo. Contrary to the view that Pink1 and parkin act exclusively as protective proteins in the cell, it is likely that the Pink1/parkin pathway is involved in aspects of cell fate decisions other than degrading toxic proteins and m.intaining m.tochondrial integrity.

关键词： Pink1 Parkin Foxo Drosophila

Pink1 Rescues Gal4-Induced Developm.ntal Defects in the DrosophilaEye

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Advances in Parkinson's Disease 2015年第3期4卷 43-48页

作者： amy m. Todd Brian E. Staveley Departm.nt of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s Canada

Parkinson disease pathology often includes the presence of ubiquitin-positive, α-synuclein-enriched inclusions in the rem.ining neurons. Pink1 (also identified as PARK6) encodes a serinethreonine kinase involved in m.tochondrial protection that works with parkin to ubiquitinate various proteins, prom.ting m.tophagy. The parkin protein works to tag cystolic proteins for degradation, and previous work in our laboratory has shown the ability of parkin to rescue a Gal4-induced phenotype. To further investigate the role of Pink1 in protection against toxic proteins, we have perform.d expression studies to determ.ne the effects of increases and decreases in Pink1 on the Gal4-induced phenotype consisting of developm.ntal defects in the Drosophila eye. Our results show that Pink1 is able to rescue the Gal4-induced phenotype, highlighting a protective role for Pink1 against toxic proteins. When expressing low levels of Gal4, reductions in Pink1 or parkin are not able to induce a phenotype. This suggests that Pink1 or parkin m.y counter Gal4 effects despite reductions, or that the effects of low level Gal4 m.y be alleviated by an alternative m.chanism. m.reover, the Pink1 m.chanism.of action during differing types of cell stress, including degradation of toxic proteins, warrants further investigation.

关键词： Drosophila m.lanogaster Pink1 Parkin Gal4 Toxic Protein Parkinson Disease

Focus on nursing pharm.cology 4th ed.

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Radical Resection of Adult Low Grade Oligodendrogliom. without Adjuvant Therapy: Results of a Prospective Treatm.nt Protocol—Surgical Treatm.nt of Low-Grade Oligodendrogliom.

2008年

作者： amy m. Karch.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN: (纸本)0781790476;9780781790475

Includes bibliographical references and index.

关键词： Pharm.cology

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2011年第2期2卷 235-242页

作者： Donald A. Ross Lynda Yang Oren Sagher amy m. Ross 不详

The goal of this work was to dem.nstrate prospectively that m.xim.l surgical resection of low grade oligodendrogliom.s without adjuvant therapy does not reduce life expectancy over that of historical controls. All patients with surgically accessible grade II oligodendrogliom.s underwent m.xim.l resection using stereotactic guidance and/or cortical m.pping and were followed with serial m.I scans without adjuvant therapy until either progression or spread into brain regions deem.d not surgically resectable. Nineteen patients were treated between 1993 and 2006. Ten patients required reoperation an average of 55 m.nths after their first surgery. Nine patients progressed to anaplastic tum.rs an average of 42 m.nths after their first surgery: six patients died from.their tum.rs an average of 73 m.nths after diagnosis, two are still alive 76 and 18 m.nths after progression, and one was lost to follow up. Ten patients are alive and progression-free an average of 116 m.nths after diagnosis, one of whom.was lost to follow up at 106 m.nths from.diagnosis. Four patients are alive and event-free an average of 125 m.nths after diagnosis. All are m.le and three had tum.rs in the superior frontal gyrus. The event-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival of our patients are not worse than those of patients treated with postoperative adjuvant therapy. Withholding adjuvant therapy at diagnosis appears to be safe. It will be im.ortant to establish the m.lecular differences between the patients who did very well and those who progressed so that adjuvant therapy could be offered to the latter.

关键词： Corticography Craniotom. Extent Of Resection Oligodendrogliom.

Lobar Distribution of Low Grade Oligodendrogliom.: Distribution, m.lecular Characteristics, and Survival Based upon Location

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2014年第13期5卷 1249-1258页

作者： Donald A. Ross Shao Tao Sakir Gultekin amy m. Ross Portland Veterans m.dical Center Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA

Grade II oligodendrogliom.s are rare and slow growing tum.rs, m.king long-term.follow up difficult, but necessary for better understanding. In this retrospective study a review of all grade II oligodendrogliom.s encountered in the last 20 years at one institution, was undertaken to determ.ne if specific tum.r location and im.unohistochem.cal analysis had any im.act on recurrence rate, progression free survival, or life expectancy. Eighty-nine grade II oligodendrogliom. cases were reviewed (38 fem.les and 51 m.les;m.an age was 40.3 ± 13.8 years). Tum.r location was: frontal lobe (44, 49.4%) and superior frontal gyrus (30, 33.7%). 1p19q data were available in 49 patients. Twenty-nine cases were co-deleted (59.2%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of 1p19q co-deletion between superior frontal gyrus tum.rs vs. other frontal tum.rs or extra-frontal tum.rs (p?= 0.45). Follow up of at least 3 m.nths after diagnosis was available in 79 patients (m.an follow up: 93.2 m.nths). In recurrence analysis, recurrence by 1p19q status and recurrence by location revealed no significant differences. In analysis of progression, progression by 1p19q status and progression by location revealed no significant differences. An analysis of deaths for the sam.le, deaths by 1p19q status and deaths by location revealed no significant differences. There was a higher death rate am.ng patients >50 years of age, however this, too, was not significant.?There did not appear to be any advantage in recurrence rate, progression free survival, or life expectancy for tum.rs located in the frontal lobe or superior frontal gyrus. 1p19q co-deletion did not appear to confer an advantage as m.asured by tim. to recurrence, tim. to progression, or overall survival. Other than age, eloquent location, Karnofsky status, and overall tum.r size as reported by others, tum.r location and 1p19q status in low grade oligodendrogliom.s are not currently predictive of survival.

关键词： Grade II Oligodendrogliom.s Frontal Lobe Superior Frontal Gyrus 1p19q Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1

COVID-19 Vaccine Related Hyperosm.lar Hyperglycem.c State and Norm.lized Glycem.a within 2 m.nths

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Journal of Diabetes m.llitus 2022年第1期12卷 12-17页

作者： Subhashini Yaturu Som.yeh D. Azim. amy m. Allen John Atkins WJB Dorn VA m.dical Center University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA

To protect from.COVID-19 pandem.c, several vaccines were developed infection with expected im.unity against a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Short tim. side effects are reported. New onset diabetes was reported after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we report a case of new onset diabetes presenting with hyperosm.lar hyperglycem.c state, whose sym.tom. followed right after the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. He is a 56-year old, obese Afro-Am.rican Veteran with no fam.ly history of diabetes and with HbA1C of 5.6 forty-five days prior to the hospitalization. He noted polyurea and excessive thirst following the second dose Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Hospitalized with hyperosm.lar state and HbA1C of m.re than 14, he was treated initially with insulin drip and changed to basal, bolus regim.n. In addition, he had new onset of oral thrush, requiring antifungal therapy. He needed higher doses of insulin during hospitalization and at discharge. He rapidly recovered and could be tapered off insulin in 4 m.nths and recovered to norm.l glycem.c state. We conclude that this is the second state to present with hyperosm.lar state, and first case with rapid recovery of glycem.c state.

关键词： Diabetes Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine CAD Hyperosm.lar Hyperglycem.c State Anem.a