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experimental Design as a Tool for the Development of Citric Acid Production by Yarrowia lipolytica Using Glycerol as a Feedstock

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Journal of Food Science and engineering 2013年第8期3卷 435-446页

作者： Luana V. da Silva Camila B. Tavares Roberta dos R. Ribeiro Fernando L. P. Pessoa Maria alice Z. Coelho Priscilla F. F. Amaral escola de Quimico/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Centro de Tecnologia Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149 Bl. E Cidade Universit6ria Rio de Janeiro 21949-900 Brazil

Due to the scarcity of fossil fuels in the world, there is increasing interest in the commercial production of biodiesel, which leads to obtaining large amounts of glycerol as a byproduct. If not disposed of properly, glycerol can generate environmental impact. One of the promises, the application of the crude glycerol is the production of citric acid by microbial fermentation. Citric acid is industrially produced by a submerged fermentation process with Aspergillus niger, using sucrose as carbon source, but due to increased demand for citric acid, alternative processes using renewable sources or waste materials as substrates and the cultivation of yeast strains are being studied. The aim of the study was to determine the best culture condition for maximum citric acid synthesis and lower isocitric acid production from crude glycerol through experimental design tool. For this purpose, the yeast strain Yarrowia lipolytica IMUFRJ-50682 was cultivated in nitrogen-limited glycerol-based media. Therefore, glycerol and yeast extract concentrations and agitation speed were evaluated as independent variables. With pure glycerol, the highest citric acid production achieved was 16.5 g/L with an isocitric acid production of 7.7% （in relation to citric acid）. With crude glycerol, citric acid production reduced to 6.7 g/L because of higher biomass yield. Therefore, an increase in the initial carbon to nitrogen molar ratio from 714 to 1,561 was necessary to increase citric acid production to 9.2 g/L, reducing isocitric acid production and to achieve a yield of 0.41 g of citric acid per glycerol consumed. In this condition, less nitrogen source was used, reducing production costs.

关键词： Yarrowia lipolytica crude glycerol media composition optimization citric acid experimental design.

Factors Associated with the Unsuppressed Viral Load of Children on Antiretroviral Therapy Followed Up in the GbêkêRegion (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第4期11卷 723-737页

作者： Tanoh-Aka Aude Hélène Siallou-Avi Christelle Yao Kouassi Christian Adou Leïoh Roméo Yeboua Kossonou Roland Sahi Landryse Amani Alexise Tuo Wako Tianwa alice Gawa Kokora Junior Asse Kouadio Vincent University Hospital of Bouaké Bouaké C&ocirc te d'Ivoire

Introduction: Unsuppressed viral load (VL) in immunocompromised children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases the risk of child morbidity and death. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with unsuppressed viral load in children on ART for the improvement of prognosis. Patients and Methods: this is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study carried out from July 2015 to December 2019 in the 28 pediatric HIV/AIDS treatment centers supervised by the NGO IRAA in the region of Gbêkê. It Included children from 0 to 15 years who were HIV positive, on ART for at least 6 months with at least one viral load. The variables studied were socio-demographic, diagnostic and evolutionary. Data analysis was descriptive and analytical with a significance level of p Results: out of 329 children included, 118 (62 boys, 53 girls) had a non-suppressed VL, i.e. a prevalence of 36%. The mean age at diagnosis was 61 months. The mother was a small trader (36.4%), illiterate (45.8%). Unsuppressed viral load was significantly associated with poor nutritional status at the start of treatment (p Conclusione="font-family:Verdana;">: Unsuppressed viral load is common in children on ART in the Gbêkê region. It mainly concerns the child who did not comply with ART, and whose mother was not followed within the framework of PMTCT. Strengthening early detection, early initiation of ART, PMTCT

关键词： Child HIV Unsuppressed Viral Load Compliance Associated Factors Côte d’Ivoire

Wastewater treatment plants and release:The vase of Odin for emerging bacterial contaminants,resistance and determinant of environmental wellness

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emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 212-224页

作者： Bright e.Igere Anthony I.Okoh Uchechukwu U.Nwodo Applied and environmental Microbiology Research Group Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Fort HareAlice5700South Africa SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre University of Fort HareAlice5700South Africa

Municipal wastewater consists of a downstream collection of flushed sewage(without solid waste),other household runoffs,industrial runoffs,hospital runoffs and agricultural runoffs through an underground pipe before treatment.A runoff collection system called the wastewater treatment plant(WWTPs)treats such wastewater before release into environment following specific regulatory *** years-long practice has been improved upon by adding end-to-end pipe technologies with a view to enhancing the quality of effluent ***,effluents released into the environment from design/application of WWTPs appear to contain emerging contaminants of both biotic and abiotic *** observation of chemical contaminants,antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB),antibiotic resistant genes(ARGs)and diverse pathogenic bacteria genera in wastewater works release further affirm the abundance of such emerging *** a result,the government and water regulatory organizations in various part of the world are considering the removal of water reuse act from recycling policy/*** global debate is focused on questions about sustenance of any improved additional treatment level;effect of energy consumption by added treatment stage and its impact on the environmental wellness as contaminants borne wastewater is consistently *** advancement/research suggests implementation of newer innovative infrastructural systems(NIIS)such as Mobbing Bed Biofilm Rector(MBBR),for wastewater effluent management which involve addition of newer wastewater treatment *** review addressed current pitfalls including wastewater microbiota of high epidemiological/public health relevance and affirms the need for such improvement which requires modification of ongoing institutional framework with a view to encourage implementation of NIIS for an improved effluent *** the advances of microbial biofilming and the potentials of microbial biofueling as

关键词： Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) Municipal waste energy Newer innovative infrastructural systems(NIIS) Wastewater effluents quality Wastewater regulatory organization Solid waste

2007年ACC／AHA非心脏手术围手术期心血管评估与管理指南：实施概要

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麻醉与镇痛 2010年第6期6卷 1-28页

作者： Lee A Fleisher Joshua A Beckman Kenneth A Brown Hugh Calkins elliott Chaikof Kirsten e Fleischmann William K Freeman James B Froehlich edward K Kasper Judy R Kersten Barbara Riegel John F Robb Sidney C Smith alice K Jacobs Cynthia D Adams Jeffrey L Anderson elliott M Antman Christopher e Buller Mark A Creager Steven M ettinger David P Faxon Valentin Fuster Jonathan L Halperin Loren F Hiratzka Sharon A Hunt Bruce W Lytle Rick Nishimura Joseph P Ornato Richard L Page Lynn G Tarkington Clyde W Yancy

美国心脏病学院镁国心脏协会工作组有关实践指南的一份报告（编写委员会对2002年非心脏手术围手术期心血管评估指南的修改）

关键词：非心脏手术管理指南血管评估围手术期 ACC/AHA 美国心脏病学院实践指南心脏协会

Predictive factors for survival and score application in liver retransplantation for hepatitis C recurrence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第18期22卷 4547-4558页

作者： alice Tung Wan Song Rodolphe Sobesky Carmen Vinaixa Jérome Dumortier Sylvie Radenne Francois Durand Yvon Calmus Géraldine Rousseau Marianne Latournerie Cyrille Feray Valérie Delvart Bruno Roche Stéphanie Haim-Boukobza Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso Denis Castaing edson Abdala Luiz Augusto Carneiro D’Albuquerque Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée Marina Berenguer Didier Samuel INSeRM Unit 785 Villejuif 94800France Liver and Digestive Organ Transplantation Division Gastroenterology DepartmentUniversity of Sao Paulo Medical SchoolSao Paulo 05403-900Brazil Universite Paris-Sud Villejuif 94800France Liver Transplantation Laboratory LIM-37 Sao Paulo 01246-903Brazil AP-HP Hopital Paul Brousse Villejuif 94800France La Fe Hospital University of Valencia and CiberehdValencia 46026Spain Hopital edouard Herriot Lyon 69003France Hopital Croix Rousse Lyon 69004France AP-HP Hopital Beaujon Clichy 92110France AP-HP Hopital St Antoine Paris 75011France AP-HP Hopital Salpetriere Paris 75013France CHU Pontchaillou Rennes 35000France AP-HP Hopital Henri Mondor Creteil 94010France Viral Hepatitis Laboratory LIM-47 Sao Paulo 01246-903Brazil

AIM: To identify risk factors associated with survival in patients retransplanted for hepatitis C virus(HCV) recurrence and to apply a survival score to this ***: We retrospectively identified 108 patients retransplanted for HCV recurrence in eight european liver transplantation centers(seven in France, one in Spain). Data collection comprised clinical and laboratory variables, including virological and antiviral treatment data. We then analyzed the factors associated with survival in this population. A recently published score that predicts survival in retransplantation in patients with hepatitis C was applied. Because there are currently no uniform recommendations regarding selection of the best candidates for retransplantation in this setting, we also described the clinical characteristics of 164 patients not retransplanted, with F3, F4, or fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis(FCH) post-first graft presenting with hepatic decompensation. ReSULTS: Overall retransplantation patient survival rates were 55%, 47%, and 43% at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Patients who were retransplanted for advanced cirrhosis had survival rates of 59%, 52%, and 49% at 3, 5, and 10 years, while those retransplanted for FCH had survival rates of 34%, 29%, and 11%, respectively. Under multivariate analysis, and adjusting for the center effect and the occurrence of FCH, factors associated with better survival after retransplantation were: negative HCV viremia before retransplantation, antiviral therapy after retransplantation, non-genotype 1, a Model for end-stage Liver Disease(MeLD) score en replaced on the waiting list, and a retransplantation donor age ears. Although the numbers were small, in the context of the new antivirals era, we showed that outcomes in patientswho underwent retransplantation with undetectable HCV viremia did not depend on donor age and MeLD score. The Andrés score was applied to 102 patients for whom all score variables were available,

关键词： Antivirals Hepatitis C Mortality Prognosis Retransplantation Risk factors

Viral Hepatitis B under Tenofovir in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第8期11卷 141-150页

作者： Soudré Sandrine Marie-Odile Bobilwindé Napon Fahosiata Zoungrana Steve Léonce Ouattara Zanga Damien Koura Mali Guingané Nanelin alice Somda Sosthène Coulibaly Aboubacar Beni Da Nathalie Salou Rodrigue Bougouma Alain Sombié Arsène Roger Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit of the University Hospital Tengandogo Burkina Faso Africa Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit of the University Hospital Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Africa Gastroenterology Service of the University Hospital Souro Sanou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Africa Gastroenterology Service of the University Hospital Bogodogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Africa Gastroenterology Service of the University Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Africa

Introduction: The treatment of viral hepatitis B is based on nucleotide analogs(s). In Burkina Faso, tenofovir is the most widely used because of its effectiveness and cost. The aim of this study was to describe viral hepatitis B under tenofovir in Ouagadougou. Material and Method: This was a longitudinal study, carried out in the outpatient department of the University Hospital of Tengandogo from May 1, 2013 to September 31, 2020, i.e. a period of seven (07) years and five (05) months. All patients with chronic hepatitis B virus who had been taking tenofovir for at least one year were included in the study. Cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and co-infections with hepatitis D, C and human immunodeficiency viruses were excluded from the study. Results: Of 321 patients with hepatitis B, 120 were on tenofovir and 34 were included in our study. These were 24 men and 10 women with an average age of 39 years. Hepatitis B was most often discovered following systematic or voluntary screening (44.1%) or pain in the right hypochondrium (23.5%). The mean initial viral load was 7.9 log. Ten patients had moderate compliance and four were non-compliant. No side effects were reported in 91.3% of cases. The virologic response was complete in 72.7% of patients after six months. Nine out of ten patients showed a biochemical response after 16 months. A histological response was observed in 19/27 patients within a mean of 26.7 months. HBs seroconversion was found in 2/24 patients. Conclusion: Tenofovir is effective in the treatment of viral hepatitis B, but HBs seroconversion is rarely achieved.

关键词： Viral Hepatitis B Tenofovir Compliance Tolerance efficacy

Aerobic Heterogeneous Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Allenic C−H Arylation:Benzoquinone as a Direct Redox Mediator between O_(2)and Pd

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CCS Chemistry 2021年第6期3卷 1127-1137页

作者： Wei-Jun Kong Michaela Reil Lei Feng Man-Bo Li Jan-e.Bäckvall Department of Organic Chemistry Arrhenius LaboratoryStockholm UniversitySE-10691 Stockholm Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefeiAnhui 230601 Department of Natural Sciences Mid Sweden UniversitySE-85170 Sundsvall

Transitionmetal-catalyzedaerobicoxidativereactions using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant play a significant role in organic ***(BQ)has been widely used as an electron-transfer mediator(eTM)in biomimetic palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidative reactions,but always together with an eTM between O_(2) and BQ,such as a macrocyclic metal ***,we report on a heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed allenic C(sp3)-H arylation with only catalytic amounts of BQ under air without the need of an additional *** ofmultisubstituted 1,3-dienes were synthesized under mild reaction *** studies reveal the bifunctional role of BQ as a ligand for reductive elimination and as an eTM between Pd(0)and O_(2).This new regime of oxidation has important implications for further development of other transition metal-catalyzed aerobic oxidative reactions.

关键词： aerobic oxidation benzoquinone C-H activation heterogeneous palladium

aunalysis of the Genome Sequence of the Medicinal Plant Salvia miltiorrhiza

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Molecular Plant 2016年第6期9卷 949-952页

作者： Haibin Xu Jingyuan Song Hongmei Luo Yujun Zhang Qiushi Li Yingjie Zhu Jiang Xu Ying Li Chi Song Bo Wang Wei Sun Guoan Shen Xin Zhang Jun Qian Aijia Ji Zhichao Xu Xiang Luo Liu He Chuyuan Li Chao Sun Haixia Yah Guanghong Cui Xiwen Li Xian 'en Li Jianhe Wei Juyan Liu Yitao Wang alice Hayward David Nelson Zemin Ning Reuben J. Peters Xiaoquan Qi Shilin Chen Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700 China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 China Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Holding Limited Guangzhou 510140 China Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macao Macao 999078 China Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of Queensland Brisbane 4072 Australia Department of Microbiology Immunology and Biochemistry University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN 38163 USA Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute . Hinxton C.B10 1SA UK Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology Iowa State University Ames IA.50011 USA These authors have contributed equally to this article.

Dear editor Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge （Danshen） is a medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family, and its dried roots have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine with hydrophilic phenolic acids and tanshinones as pharmaceutically active components （Zhang et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2016）. The first step of tanshinone biosynthesis is bicyclization of the general diterpene precursor （e,e,e）-geranylgeranyl diphosphate （GGPP） to copalyl diphosphate （CPP） by CPP synthases （CPSs）, which is followed by a cyclization or rearrangement reaction catalyzed by kaurene synthase-like enzymes （KSL）. The resulting intermediate is usually an olefin, which requires the insertion of oxygen by cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases （CYPs） for the final production of diterpenoids （Zi et al., 2014）. While the CPS, KSL, and several early acting CYPs （CYP76AH1, CYP76AH3, and CYP76AK1） for tanshinone biosynthesis have been identified in S. miltiorrhiza （Gao et al., 2009; Guo et al., 2013, 2016; Zi and Peters, 2013）, the majority of the overall biosynthetic pathway, as well as the relevant regulatory factors associated with tanshinone production, remains elusive （Figure 1B）.

关键词： Lamiaceae traditional tanshinones

Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA and e6/e7 mRNA from HPV Genotypes 16, 18, 31 and 33 in Histologically Confirmed Cases of Cervical Cancer and Precancerous Lesions in Burkina Faso

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2023年第4期13卷 276-290页

作者： Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon Shoukrat Ohuwa Toyin Bello Prosper Bado Rogomenoma alice Ouédraogo estelle Ouédraogo Ina Marie Angèle Traoré Abdoul Karim Ouattara Florencia Wenkunni Djigma Albert Théophane Yonli Assita Sanou-Lamien Olga Mélanie Lompo Jacques Simpore Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGeNe) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CeRBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université Saint Thomas d’Aquin (USTA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Pathological Anatomy and Cytology Laboratory Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Cervical cancer, caused by persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, remains a global public health problem. The cellular transformation and maintenance of the malignant phenotype of these HPVs are attributed to the viral oncoproteins e6 and e7. Objective: This study aims to detect the presence of human papillomavirus DNA and e6/e7 oncoprotein mRNA of HPV genotypes 16, 18, 31 and 33 in cases of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions, histologically confirmed in Burkina Faso. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study focused on cases of cervical cancer and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and was conducted from June to December 2022. One hundred (100) samples of fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were collected from the pathological anatomy and cytology laboratories of hospitals in the capital of Burkina Faso. High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA was detected using multiplex real-time PCR, while the presence of e6 and e7 mRNA in cervical cancer and high-grade CIN samples was determined using real-time Reverse Transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) with TaqMan probes. Results: The mean age of women diagnosed with cervical cancer and high-grade CIN was 50.81 ± 13.65 years, ranging from 22 to 82 years. Cervical cancer and high-grade CIN were positive for at least one high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in 80% of cases. The most prevalent genotypes observed were HPV16, 18, 31, and 33, collectively accounting for 70.08% of cases. Of the 89 samples that tested positive for HR-HPV genotypes 16, 18, 31, and 33, 88 (98.88%;95% CI: [94.58 - 99.94]) were also positive for the presence of mRNA encoding the e6 and e7 oncoproteins of HPV16, 18, 31, and 33. Conclusion: In the presence of HPV DNA, testing for e6 and e7 oncoprotein mRNA could serve as a promising biomarker and valuable tool for improved assessment of the progression to cervical cancer.

关键词： HPV e6/e7 Cervical Cancer Precancerous Lesions Burkina Faso