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Extracellular vesicles as mediators of vascular inflammation in kidney disease

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第2期5卷 125-138页

作者： alexandra Helmke Sibylle von Vietinghoff Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Hannover Medical SchoolD-30625 HannoverGermany

Vascular inflammation is a common cause of renal im-pairment and a major cause of morbidity and mortality of patients with kidney disease. Current studies consistently show an increase of extracellular vesicles （EVs） in acute vasculitis and in patients with atherosclerosis. Recent research has elucidated mechanisms that mediate vascular wall leukocyte accumulation and differentiation. This review addresses the role of EVs in this process. Part one of this review addresses functional roles of EVs in renal vasculitis. Most published data address anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody （ANCA） associated vasculitis and indicate that the number of EVs, mostly of platelet origin, is increased in active disease. EVs generated from neutrophils by activation by ANCA can contribute to vessel damage. While EVs are also elevated in other types of autoimmune vasculitis with renal involvement such as systemic lupus erythematodes, functional consequences beyond intravascular thrombosis remain to be established. In typical hemolytic uremic syndrome secondary to infection with shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli , EV numbers are elevated and contribute to toxin distribution into the vascular wall. Part two addresses mechanisms how EVs modulate vascular infammation in atherosclerosis, a process that is aggravated in uremia. Elevated numbers of circulating endothelial EVs were associated with ather-osclerotic complications in a number of studies in patients with and without kidney disease. Uremic endothelial EVs are defective in induction of vascular relaxation. Neutrophil adhesion and transmigration and intravascular thrombus formation are critically modulated by EVs, a process that is amenable to therapeutic interventions. EVs can enhance monocyte adhesion to the endothelium and modulate macrophage differentiation and cytokine production with major influence on the local inflammatory milieu in the plaque. They significantly influence lipid phagocytosis and antigen presentation by mo

关键词： Extracellular vesicle Atherosclerosis Kidney disease Glomerulonephritis Macrophage

Impact of tree diversity and environmental conditions on the survival of shrub species in a forest biodiversity experiment in subtropical China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 179-189页

作者： Bo Yang Ying Li Bingyang Ding Sabine Both alexandra Erfmeier Werner Härdtle Keping Ma Bernhard Schmid Thomas Scholten Gunnar Seidler Goddert von Oheimb Xuefei Yang Helge Bruelheide Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106120 HalleGermany Key Laboratory of Speciality Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province Jingdezhen University838 Cidu AvenueJingdezhenJiangxi 333000China Faculty of Sustainability Institute of EcologyLeuphana University LüneburgScharnhorststr 121335 LüneburgGermany College of Life and Environmental Sciences Wenzhou UniversityWenzhouZhejiang 325035China Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen23 St Machar DriveAberdeen AB243UUUK Institute for Ecosystem Research GeobotanyKiel UniversityOlshausenstr 7524118 KielGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093China Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstr 1908057 ZürichSwitzerland Department of Geosciences Chair of Soil Science and GeomorphologyEberhard Karls University TübingenRümelinstraße19-23D-72070 TübingenGermany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of General Ecology and Environmental ProtectionPienner Straße 701737 TharandtGermany Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of BotanyCAS KunmingKunming 650201China

Aims Although shrubs are an important component of forests,their role has not yet been considered in forest biodiversity *** the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning(BEF)experiment with subtropical tree species in south-east China(BEF-China),we factorially combined tree with shrub species-diversity ***,we tested the hypotheses that shrub survival differs between the 10 planted shrub species,with lower survival rates of late-than early-successional species and is affected by environmental conditions,such as topography and top soil characteristics,as well as by biotic factors,represented by tree,shrub and herb layer *** We analyzed the survival of 42000 shrub individuals in 105 plots varying in tree and shrub species richness of the BEF-China project four years after *** survival was analyzed with generalized linear mixed effects models at the level of individuals and with variance partitioning at the plot *** intercept and random slope models of different explanatory variables were compared with respect to the Bayesian Information Criterion(BIC).Important Findings Survival rates differed largely between the 10 shrub species,ranging from 26%to 91%for Ardisia crenata and Distylium buxifolium,*** of species identity,single abiotic factors explained up to 5%of species survival,with a negative effect of altitude and slope inclination and a positive effect of the topsoil carbon to nitrogen ratio,which pointed to drought as the major cause of shrub *** contrast,neither tree nor shrub richness affected shrub survival at this early stage of the *** the biotic predictors,only herb layer species richness and cover of the dominant fern species(Dicranopteris pedata)affected shrub ***,our models that included all variables could explain about 65%in shrub survival,with environmental variables being most influential,followed by shrub species identity,while tree speci

关键词： BEF-China biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiment forest herb layer plant survival shrub species richness

An Expanded Carrier Screening Tool Enhances Preconception Cystic Fibrosis Screening in Infertile Couples

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015年第7期5卷 412-416页

作者： alexandra Higgins Jason Flanagan Tiffany von Wald Keith A. Hansen The University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine Sioux Falls USA Sanford Health Fertility and Reproductive Medicine Sioux Falls USA Department of Ob/Gyn The University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine Sioux Falls USA

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends offering preconception and prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) while the American College of Medical Genetics also recommends screening for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) to all couples. Both groups suggest specific screening if there is a family or personal history of a genetic disease or if the individual is from a high risk ethnic group. The purpose of this study was to determine whether availability of a more comprehensive, affordable genetic screening tool increased the number of infertility patients choosing to be screened for CF and other genetic diseases. This was a retrospective chart review of new infertility patients evaluated between May 2010 and May 2013. Sixteen hundred seventy-five new infertility couples were offered CounsylTM expanded carrier screening. The carrier frequency for CF was 6.8% with 0% of the couples concordant heterozygotes. The carrier frequency for SMA was 2.51% with 0% of the couples concordant heterozygotes. With availability of the CounsylTM screening test, the percentage of new infertility patients choosing to have preconception genetic screening increased from 2% to 8% in this population. The largest increase (17.5% of new patients) in screening followed the reduction in out-of-pocket expense in May 2013. Infertility patients are in a unique position to investigate their family history, discuss appropriate preconception genetic screening, and, if discovered to be at high risk of a genetic illness, to review their reproductive options.

关键词： Cystic Fibrosis Preconception Screening Spinal Muscular Atrophy Infertility

Validation of Pore-Scale Simulations of Hydrodynamic Dispersion in Random Sphere Packings

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第3期13卷 801-822页

作者： Siarhei Khirevich alexandra Holtzel Ulrich Tallarek Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universitat MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse35032 MarburgGermany

We employ the lattice Boltzmann method and random walk particle tracking to simulate the time evolution of hydrodynamic dispersion in bulk,random,monodisperse,hard-sphere packings with bed porosities(interparticle void volume fractions)between the random-close and the random-loose packing *** JodreyTory and Monte Carlo-based algorithms and a systematic variation of the packing protocols we generate a portfolio of packings,whose microstructures differ in their degree of heterogeneity(DoH).Because the DoH quantifies the heterogeneity of the void space distribution in a packing,the asymptotic longitudinal dispersion coefficient calculated for the packings increases with the packings’*** investigate the influence of packing length(up to 150 d_(p),where d_(p) is the sphere diameter)and grid resolution(up to 90 nodes per d_(p))on the simulated hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient,and demonstrate that the chosen packing dimensions of 10 d_(p)×10 d_(p)×70 d_(p) and the employed grid resolution of 60 nodes per d_(p) are sufficient to observe asymptotic behavior of the dispersion coefficient and to minimize finite size *** values of the dispersion coefficients calculated for the generated packings are compared with simulated as well as experimental data from the literature and yield good to excellent agreement.

关键词： Packing microstructure degree of heterogeneity packing algorithm hydrodynamic dispersion random sphere packings

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酒精滥用与围手术期免疫功能障碍

麻醉与镇痛 2011年第2期7卷 86-90页

作者： alexandra Lau, md Vera von Dossow, md Michael Sander, md Martin MacGuill, md Nadine Lanzke, DVW Claudia Spies, md 王海涛(译) 李士通(校) Department Of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Unit Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charite Mitte CharitY-University Hospital Berlin Berlin Germany 不详

长期酗酒患者的麻醉不良后果包括：手术后感染风险增加3～5倍，重症监护室停留时间和住院时间延长。手术后高感染率的原因归结为长期酗酒患者免疫反应的改变。手术前，长期酗酒患者T辅助淋巴细胞1/T辅助淋巴细胞2（Th1/Th2）降低，手术... 详细信息

长期酗酒患者的麻醉不良后果包括：手术后感染风险增加3～5倍，重症监护室停留时间和住院时间延长。手术后高感染率的原因归结为长期酗酒患者免疫反应的改变。手术前，长期酗酒患者T辅助淋巴细胞1/T辅助淋巴细胞2（Th1/Th2）降低，手术后仍然减低。围手术期低Th1／Th2是迟发感染的预兆。长期酗酒患者手术后的细胞毒性淋巴细胞（Tc1／Tc2）也减低，并且减低状态会持续5天。手术后，长期酗酒患者全血的白介素（IL）-6／IL-10比值以及脂多糖（LPS）激发的γ干扰素（INF-γ）／IL-10比值也是减低的。Th1／Ih2、Tc1/Tc2以及脂多糖激发INF-γ／IL-10比值的降低是手术后迟发感染的预兆。因此，围手术期干预的目的在于尽力减轻免疫系统的调控异常。

关键词：围手术期免疫功能障碍酒精滥用 T辅助淋巴细胞1 Th1/Th2 细胞毒性淋巴细胞 IL-10 Tc1/Tc2

On the combined effect of soil fertility and topography on tree growth in subtropical forest ecosystems—a study from SE China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 111-127页

作者： Thomas Scholten Philipp Goebes Peter Kühn Steffen Seitz Thorsten Assmann Jürgen Bauhus Helge Bruelheide Francois Buscot alexandra Erfmeier Markus Fischer Werner Härdtle Jin-Sheng He Keping Ma Pascal A.Niklaus Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Bernhard Schmid Xuezheng Shi Zhengshan Song Goddert von Oheimb Christian Wirth Tesfaye Wubet Karsten Schmidt Department of Geosciences Soil Science and GeomorphologyUniversity of TübingenRümelinstraße 19-2372070 TübingenGermany Institute of Ecology Leuphana University LüneburgScharnhorststr.121335 LüneburgGermany Faculty of Forest and Environmental Sciences SilvicultureUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstraße 479085 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106108 HalleGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ Theodor-Lieser-Straße 406120 HalleGermany Department of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland Peking University No.5 Yiheyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100871China Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093China Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZürichSwitzerland Faculty of Biology Department of GeobotanyUniversity of FreiburgSchänzlestraße 179104 FreiburgGermany Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.71 East Beijing RoadNanjingChina TU Dresden Biodiversity and Nature ConservationPienner Straße 701737 TharandtGermany Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity University of LeipzigJohannisallee 2104103 LeipzigGermany

Aims The aim of our research was to understand small-scale effects of topography and soil fertility on tree growth in a forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)experiment in subtropical SE *** Geomorphometric terrain analyses were carried out at a spatial resolution of 5×5 *** samples of different depth increments and data on tree height were collected from a total of 566 plots(667 m2 each).The soils were analyzed for carbon(soil organic carbon[SOC]),nitrogen,acidity,cation exchange capacity(CEC),exchangeable cations and base saturation as soil fertility *** plots were classified into geomorphological *** of variance and linear regressions were applied to all terrain,soil fertility and tree growth *** Findings In general,young and shallow soils and relatively small differences in stable soil properties suggest that soil erosion has truncated the soils to a large extent over the whole area of the *** explains the concurrently increasing CEC and SOC stocks downslope,in hollows and in ***,colluvial,carbon-rich sediments are missing widely due to the convexity of the footslopes caused by uplift and removal of eroded sediments by adjacent *** results showed that soil fertility is mainly influenced by ***-Carlo flow accumulation(MCCA),curvature,slope and aspect significantly affected soil ***,soil fertility was affected by the different geomorphological positions on the experimental sites with ridge and spur positions showing lower exchangeable base cation contents,especially potassium(K),due to *** geomorphological effect of soil fertility is most pronounced in the topsoil and decreases when considering the subsoil down to 50 cm *** soil fertility attributes affect tree height after 1-2 years of growth,among which C stocks proved to be most important while pH_(KCl)and CEC only played minor ***,soil acidity and a hig

关键词： soil fertility topography soil erosion matter transport biodiversity DSM carbon stocks tree forest BEF-China China

High entropy fluorides as conversion cathodes with tailorable electrochemical performance

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第9期31卷 342-351,I0010页

作者： Yanyan Cui Parvathy Anitha Sukkurji Kai Wang Raheleh Azmi alexandra MNunn Horst Hahn Ben Breitung Yin-Ying Ting Piotr MKowalski Payam Kaghazchi Qingsong Wang Simon Schweidler Miriam Botros Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Institute for Applied Materials±Energy Storage Systems Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Faculty of Science University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada KIT-TUD-Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials Technical University DarmstadtDarmstadt 64287Germany Theory and Computation of Energy Materials(IEK-13) Institute of Energy and Climate ResearchForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425 JülichGermany Materials Synthesis and Processing(IEK-1) Institute of Energy and Climate ResearchForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425 JülichGermany

With the recent development of high entropy materials, an alternative approach to develop advanced functional materials with distinctive properties that show improved values compared to conventional materials has been provided. The high entropy concept was later successfully transferred to metal fluorides and high entropy fluorides(HEFs) were successfully synthesized. Owing to their high theoretical specific capacities in energy storage applications, HEFs were utilized as cathode materials for lithiumion batteries(LIBs) and their underlying storage mechanisms were investigated. Instead of a step-bystep reduction of each individual metal cation, the HEFs seem to exhibit a single-step reduction process,indicating a solid solution compound instead of merely a mixture of different metal fluorides. It was also observed that the electrochemical behavior of the HEFs depends on each individual incorporated element. Therefore, by altering the elemental composition, new materials that exhibit improved electrochemical properties can be designed. Remarkably, HEFs with seven incorporated metal elements exhibited a better cycling stability as well as a lower hysteresis compared to binary metal *** findings offer new guidelines for material design and tailoring towards high performance LIBs.

关键词： High entropy materials High entropy fluorides Conversion cathodes Tailored electrochemistry Li-ion batteries

PI 3-kinase pathway is responsible for antiapoptotic effects of atrial natriuretic peptide in rat liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第7期12卷 1049-1055页

作者： Uwe Grutzner Melanie Keller Michael Bach alexandra K Kiemer Herbert Meissner Manfred Bilzer Stefan Zahler Alexander L Gerbes Angelika M Vollmar Institute for Surgical Research Klinikum GroBhadernUniversity of MunichD-81377 MunichGermany Department of Pharmacy University of MunichD-81377 MunichGermany Department Institute of Pathology University of MunichD-81377 MunichGermany

AIM： To investigate the in vivo effect of atrial natriuretic peptide （ANP） and its signaling pathway during orthotopic rat liver transplantation.METHODS： Rats were infused with NaCI, ANP （5 μg/ kg）, wortmannin （WH, 16μg/kg）, or a combination of both for 20 min. Livers were stored in UW solution （4℃） for 24 h, transplanted and reperfused. Apoptosis was examined by caspase-3 activity and TUNEL staining. Phosphorylation of Akt and Bad was visualized by Western blotting and phospho-Akt-localization by confocal microscopy.RESULTS： ANP-pretreatment decreased caspase-3 activity and TUNELopositive cells after cold ischemia, indicating antiapoptotic effects of ANP in vivo. The an- tiapoptotic signaling of ANP was most likely caused by phosphorylation of Akt and Bad, since pretreatment with PI 3-kinase inhibitor WM abrogated the ANP-induced reduction of caspase-3 activity. Interestingly, analysis of liver tissue by confocal microscopy showed translocation of phosphorylated Akt to the plasma membrane of hepa- tocytes evoked by ANP.CONCLUSION： ANP activates the PI-3-kinase pathway in the liver in vivo leading to phosphorylation of Bad an event triggering antiapoptotic signaling cascade in ischemic liver.

关键词： Bad Apoptosis Hormonal preconditioning Ischemia reperfusion injury

Establishment of a Photoautotrophic Cell Suspension Culture of Arabidopsis thaliana for Photosynthetic, Metabolic, and Signaling Studies

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Molecular Plant 2012年第2期5卷 524-527页

作者： Christine Hampp Andreas Richter Sonia Osorio Günther Zellnig Alok Krishna Sinha alexandra Jammer Alisdair R. Fernie Bernhard Grimm Thomas Roitsch Julius-von-Sachs-Institut fuer Biowissenschaften UniversitaetWuerzburgJulius-von-Sachs-Platz 297082 WuerzburgGermany Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology Humboldt UniversityPhilippstr.13Building 1210115 Berlin Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany Institut fuer Pflanzenwissenschaften Schubertstr.51A-8010 GrazAustria National Institute of Plant Genome Research PB No.10531Aruna Asaf Ali RoadNew Delhi–110067India

Dear Editor, Plant cell suspension cultures have been used as model systems to circumvent the problems associated with the analyses of a multi-factorial plant that is composed of multiple tissue and cell types exposed to diverse signals. A number of plant suspension cultures have proven to be valuable to study various topics including defense response, secondary metabolite formation, ion transport, gene regulation, and signal duction （Roitsch and Sinha, 2002 and references therein）. However, most cultures reported to date, including the cultures from model species such as Arabidopsis （Christie and Jenkins,

关键词：基因离子转运拟南芥属社会控制正式血气分析胰岛素铍