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Abnormal liver chemistries as a predictor of COVID-19 severity and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第5期28卷 570-587页

作者： Arunkumar Krishnan Laura Prichett Xueting tao Saleh A Alqahtani James P Hamilton Esteban Mezey alexandra t strauss Ahyoung Kim James J Potter Po-Hung Chen tinsay A Woreta Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Liver transplant Center King Faisal Specialist Hospital&Research CenterRiyadh 12713Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND Abnormal liver chemistries are common findings in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the association of these abnormalities with the severity of COVID-19 and clinical outcomes is poorly understood AIM We aimed to assess the prevalence of elevated liver chemistries in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and compare the serum liver chemistries to predict the severity and in-hospital *** this retrospective,observational study included 3380 patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in the Johns Hopkins Health System(Baltimore,MD,United States).Demographic data,clinical characteristics,laboratory findings,treatment measures,and outcome data were *** regression modeling was used to explore variables associated with abnormal liver chemistries on admission with disease severity and prognosis RESULtS A total of 2698(70.4%)had abnormal alanine aminotransferase(ALt)at the time of *** more prevalent abnormal liver chemistries were aspartate aminotransferase(ASt)(44.4%),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)(16.1%),and total bilirubin(t-Bil)(5.9%).Factors associated with liver injury were older age,Asian ethnicity,other race,being overweight,and *** ALt,ASt,t-Bil,and ALP levels were more commonly associated with disease *** adjusted Cox regression analysis revealed that abnormal ASt and t-Bil were associated with the highest mortality risk than other liver injury indicators during *** ASt,t-Bil,and ALP were associated with a need for vasopressor drugs,whereas higher levels of ASt,t-Bil,and a decreased albumin levels were associated with mechanical ventilation CONCLUSION Abnormal liver chemistries are common at the time of hospital admission in COVID-19 patients and can be closely related to the patient’s severity and *** liver chemistries,specifically ALt,ASt,ALP,and t-Bil levels,can be used to stratify risk and predict the need for advanced therapies in t

关键词： Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Liver injury Liver tests Aspartate aminotransferase Alanine aminotransferase bilirubin

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Imaging and endoscopic tools in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: What’s new?

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 7-13页

作者： alexandra S Hudson Ghassan t Wahbeh Hengqi Betty Zheng Department of Pediatrics University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98109United States

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic inflammatory disorder,with increasing incidence and prevalence *** have been recent advances in imaging and endoscopic technology for disease diagnosis,treatment,and *** ultrasound,including transabdominal,transperineal,and endoscopic,has been emerging for the assessment of transmural bowel inflammation and disease complications(e.g.,fistula,abscess).Aside from surgery,IBD-related intestinal strictures now have endoscopic treatment options including through-the-scope balloon dilatation,injection,and needle knife stricturotomy and new evaluation tools such as endoscopic functional lumen imaging *** transnasal endoscopy may have a role in patients with upper gastrointestinal Crohn’s disease or those with IBD with new upper gastrointestinal *** to dysplasia screening in pediatric patients with longstanding colonic disease or primary sclerosing cholangitis hold promise with the addition of virtual chromoendoscopy and ongoing research in the field of artificial intelligence-assisted endoscopic *** intelligence and machine learning is a rapidly evolving field,with goals of further personalizing IBD diagnosis and treatment selection as well as *** review summarized these advancements,focusing on pediatric patients with IBD.

关键词： Intestinal ultrasound Endoscopy Inflammatory bowel disease Pediatrics Imaging

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On optimal control at the onset of a new viral outbreak

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第4期9卷 995-1006页

作者： alexandra Smirnova Xiaojing Ye Department of Mathematics&Statistics Georgia State UniversityAtlantaUSA

We propose a versatile model with a flexible choice of control for an early-pandemic outbreak prevention when vaccine/drug is not yet *** that stage,control is often limited to non-medical interventions like social distancing and other behavioral *** the SIR optimal control problem,we show that the running cost of control satisfying mild,practically justified conditions generates an optimal strategy,u(t),t∈[0,t],that is sustainable up until some moment τ∈[0,t).However,for any t∈[τ,t],the function u(t)will decline as t approaches t,which may cause the number of newly infected people to ***,the window from 0 to τ is the time for public health officials to prepare alternative mitigation measures,such as vaccines,testing,antiviral medications,and *** addition to theoretical study,we develop a fast and stable computational method for solving the proposed optimal control *** efficiency of the new method is illustrated with numerical examples of optimal control trajectories for various cost functions and *** results provide a comprehensive demonstration of the effects of control on the epidemic spread and mitigation expenses,which can serve as invaluable references for public health officials.

关键词： Epidemiology Compartmental model transmission dynamic Optimal control

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Reconstruction of incidence reporting rate for SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of COVID-19 pandemic in the US

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 70-83页

作者： alexandra Smirnova Mona Baroonian Department of Mathematics&Statistics Georgia State UniversityAtlantaUSA

In recent years,advanced regularization techniques have emerged as a powerful tool aimed at stable estimation of infectious disease parameters that are crucial for future projections,prevention,and *** other system parameters,i.e.,incubation and recovery rates,the case reporting rate,Ψ,and the time-dependent effective reproduction number,R_(e)t,are directly influenced by a large number of factors making it impossible to pre-estimate these parameters in any meaningful *** this study,we propose a novel iteratively-regularized trust-region optimization algorithm,combined with SuSvIuIvRD compartmental model,for stable reconstruction ofΨand R_(e)t from reported epidemic data on vaccination percentages,incidence cases,and daily *** innovative regularization procedure exploits(and takes full advantage of)a unique structure of the Jacobian and Hessian approximation for the nonlinear observation *** proposed inversion method is thoroughly tested with synthetic and real SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant data for different regions in the United States of America from July 9,2021,to November 25,*** study shows that case reporting rate during the Delta wave of COVID-19 pandemic in the US is between 12%and 37%,with most states being in the range from 15%to 25%.this confirms earlier accounts on considerable under-reporting of COVID-19 cases due to the impact of”silent spreaders”and the limitations of testing.

关键词： Epidemiology Incidence reporting rate Compartmental model transmission dynamic Regularization algorithm

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Elevation transition of aquatic insects closely matches a thermal feature in the Yungas of Northwestern Argentina

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 433-448页

作者： alexandra BUItRAGO-GUACANAME Carlos MOLINERI Andrés LIRA-NORIEGA Daniel Andrés DOS SANtOS Neotropical Biodiversity Institute(CONICEt-UNt) UNT-DomesHorco Molle S/N4107 TucumánArgentina CONACYt Research Fellow Network of Advanced Molecular StudiesInstitute of Ecology A.COld Road to Coatepec 351El HayaCP 91073XalapaVeracruzMexico Biostatistics Chair Faculty of Natural Sciences and IMLNational University of TucumánSan Miguel de TucumánMiguel Lillo 2054000 TucumánArgentina

temperature is a key factor that shapes the distribution of *** knowledge about how species respond to temperature is relevant to devise strategies for addressing the impacts of climate *** insects are particularly vulnerable to climate change,yet there is still much to learn about their ecology and *** the Yungas ecoregion of Northwestern Argentina,cold-and warm-adapted species of the orders Ephemeroptera,Plecoptera,and trichoptera(EPt)are segregated by *** modeled the ecological niche of South American EPt species in this region using available data and projected their potential distribution in geographic *** were grouped based on their ecogeographic similarity,and we analyzed their replacement pattern along elevation gradients,focusing on the ecotone where opposing thermal preferences *** this interface,we identified critical points where the combined incidence of cold and warm assemblages maximizes,indicating a significant transition *** found that the Montane Cloud Forest holds the interface,with a particularly greater suitability at its lower *** main axis of the interface runs in a N-S direction and falls between 14°C-16°C mean annual *** probability of a particular location within a basin being classified as part of the interface increases as Kira’s warmth index approaches a score around *** the interface is critical for defining the thermal limits of species distribution and designing biomonitoring *** in the location of thermal constants related to mountainous ecotones may cause vertical displacement of aquatic insects and vegetation *** have recognized significant temperature thresholds that serve as indicators of suitability for the *** global warming is anticipated to shift these indicators,we suggest using them to monitor the imprints of climate change on mountain ecosystems.

关键词： Austral Yungas Ecological Niche Model Ephemeroptera Kira’s warmth index Plecoptera trichoptera

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Direct anterior compared to posterior approach for hip hemiarthroplasty following femoral neck fractures

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 605-607页

作者： Kevin A Wu alexandra N Krez Albert t Anastasio Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27710United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNC 27710United States

the differences in complication rates between the direct anterior and posterior approaches for hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures are not yet fully ***,a severe complication associated with increased mortality and often requiring additional surgery,may occur less frequently with the direct anterior approach compared to the posterior *** consideration of patient demographics is essential when planning the surgical *** research in this area should focus on robust randomized controlled trials involving elderly patients recovering from femoral neck fractures.

关键词： Direct anterior approach Posterior approach Hemiarthroplasty Femoral neck fractures Arthroplasty Dislocation Surgical technique

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Development and characterization of 3D-printed electroconductive pHEMA-co-MAA NP-laden hydrogels for tissue engineering

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 262-276页

作者： Sara De Nitto Aleksandra Serafin alexandra Karadimou Achim Schmalenberger John J.EMulvihill Maurice N.Collins DIBRIS Polytechnic Inter-School Section University of Genoa16126 GenoaItaly School of Engineering Bernal InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland School of Natural Sciences Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland Health Research Institute University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland AMBER University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland

tissue engineering(tE)continues to be widely explored as a potential solution to meet critical clinical needs for diseased tissue replacement and tissue *** this study,we developed a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)(pHEMA-co-MAA)based hydrogel loaded with newly synthesized conductive poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)(PEDOt)and polypyrrole(PPy)nanoparticles(NPs),and subsequently processed these hydrogels into tissue engineered constructs via three-dimensional(3D)*** presence of the NPs was critical as they altered the rheological properties during ***,all samples exhibited suitable shear thinning properties,allowing for the development of an optimized processing window for 3D *** were 3D printed into pre-determined disk-shaped configurations of 2 and 10 mm in height and diameter,*** observed that the NPs disrupted the gel crosslinking efficiencies,leading to shorter degradation times and compressive mechanical properties ranging between 450 and 550 *** conductivity of the printed hydrogels increased along with the NP concentration to(5.10±0.37)×10^(−7)S/*** vitro studies with cortical astrocyte cell cultures demonstrated that exposure to the pHEMA-co-MAA NP hydrogels yielded high cellular viability and proliferation ***,hydrogel antimicrobial studies with staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria revealed that the developed hydrogels affected bacterial *** together,these materials show promise for various tE strategies.

关键词： Conductive nanoparticles Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) Ultraviolet(UV)polymerization 3D printing

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Genome-wide Studies Reveal Genetic Risk Factors for Hepatic Fat Content

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2024年第2期22卷 57-68页

作者： Yanni Li Eline H.van den Berg Alexander Kurilshikov Dasha V.Zhernakova Ranko Gacesa Shixian Hu Esteban A.Lopera-Maya alexandra Zhernakova Lifelines Cohort Study Vincent E.de Meijer Serena Sanna Robin P.F.Dullaart Hans Blokzijl Eleonora A.M.Festen Jingyuan Fu Rinse K.Weersma Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Department of Genetics University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300052China Laboratory of Genomic Diversity Center for Computer TechnologiesITMO UniversitySaint Petersburg 199034Russia Institute of Precision Medicine the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Department of Surgery Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver TransplantationUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Department of Endocrinology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands Department of Pediatrics University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZThe Netherlands 不详

Genetic susceptibility to metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is complex and poorly *** characterization of the genetic background of hepatic fat content would provide insights into disease etiology and causality of risk *** performed genome-wide association study(GWAS)on two noninvasive definitions of hepatic fat content:magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction(MRI-PDFF)in 16,050 participants and fatty liver index(FLI)in 388,701 participants from the United Kingdom(UK)Biobank(UKBB).Heritability,genetic overlap,and similarity between hepatic fat content phenotypes were analyzed,and replicated in 10,398 participants from the University Medical Center Groningen(UMCG)Genetics Lifelines Initiative(UGLI).Meta-analysis of GWASs of MRI-PDFF in UKBB revealed five statistically significant loci,including two novel genomic loci harboring CREB3L1(rs72910057-t,P=5.40E−09)and GCM1(rs1491489378-t,P=3.16E−09),respectively,as well as three previously reported loci:PNPLA3,tM6SF2,and *** of FLI in UKBB identified 196 genome-wide significant loci,of which 49 were replicated in UGLI,with top signals in ZPR1(P=3.35E−13)and FtO(P=2.11E−09).Statistically significant genetic correlation(rg)between MRI-PDFF(UKBB)and FLI(UGLI)GWAS results was found(rg=0.5276,P=1.45E−03).Novel MRI-PDFF genetic signals(CREB3L1 and GCM1)were replicated in the FLI *** identified two novel genes for MRI-PDFF and 49 replicable loci for *** a difference in hepatic fat content assessment between MRI-PDFF and FLI,a substantial similar genetic architecture was *** is identified as an easy and reliable approach to study hepatic fat content at the population level.

关键词： Hepatic fat content MAFLD Genome-wide association study Fatty liver index Magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction

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Is the propensity to emit alarm calls associated with health status?

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 607-614页

作者： Austin L.Nash alexandra H.M.Jebb Daniel t.BLUMStEIN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado265 UCBBoulderCO 80309USA School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenZoology BuildingTillydrone AvenueAberdeenAB242TZUK the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Box 519 Crested ButteCO 81224USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California621 Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

the production and structure of animal signals may depend on an individual's health status and may provide more than one type of information to *** alarm calls are not typically viewed as health condition dependent,recent studies have suggested that their structure,and possibly their propensity to be emitted,depends on an individual,s health condition and *** asked whether the propensity of yellow-bellied marmots(Marmota flaviventer)to emit calls is influen ced by their immuno logical or parasite status,by quantifying both trap-elicited and n atural calling rates as a function of their neutrophil-to-lymphocyte(NL)ratio,the presence of a blood borne trypanosome,and the presenee of several intestinal parasites(Eimeria sp.,Entamoeba sp.,and Ascaris sp.).We fitted mixed effects models to determine if the health measures we collected were associated with the probability of calling in a trap and with annual rates of natural alarm *** infected with a blood-borne trypanosome were marginally more likely to call naturally and when trapped,while those infected with the intestinal parasite Ascaris were less likely to call when *** ratio was not directly associated with in-trap calling probability,but males were more likely to call when they had higher NL ***,health conditions,such as parasite infection and immune system activation,can modulate the production of alarm signals and potentially provide in formation to both predators and prey about the caller's *** experiments are required to confirm if receivers use such information.

关键词： alarm calling animal communication antipredator behavior condition dependenee immune function parasites

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Microglial depletion and repopulation:a new era of regenerative medicine?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1204-1205页

作者： alexandra M.Barnett Fulton t.Crews Leon G.Coleman Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillSchool of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA Department of Pharmacology The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillSchool of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA Department of Psychiatry The University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA

Microglia have multiple functions and phenotypes that can prevent or worsen *** depletion and repopulation methods provide a promising technique for understanding microglial *** utility as therapeutic modalities is now under *** resident immune cells in the central nervous system(CNS),microglia maintain the local environment and promote neuronal ***,persistent proinflammatory signaling due to aberrant microglial activation can be *** is seen in settings such as traumatic brain injury(tBI)(Henry et al.,2020),stroke(Li et al.,2017),and alcohol use disorder(AUD)(Coleman et al.,2020),when the loss of homeostatic control results in persistent proinflammatory signaling that contributes to ongoing neuropathology(Figure 1).thus,selective replacement of chronically proinflammatory-activated microglia could improve functional outcomes.

关键词： al. pathology depletion

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