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Curbing the burden of lung cancer

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Frontiers of Medicine 2016年第2期10卷 228-232页

作者： alexandra Urman h. Dean hosgood Department of Oncology Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY 10461 USA Department of Epidemiology and Population health AlbertEinstein College of Medicine Bronx NY 10461 USA

Lung cancer contributes substantially to the global burden of disease and healthcare costs. New screening modalities using low-dose computerized tomography are promising tools for early detection leading to curative surgery. however, the screening and follow-up diagnostic procedures of these techniques may be costly. Focusing on prevention is an important factor to reduce the burden of screening, treatment, and lung cancer deaths. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has identified several lung carcinogens, which we believe can be considered actionable when developing prevention strategies. To curb the societal burden of lung cancer, healthcare resources need to be focused on early detection and screening and on mitigating exposure（s） of a person to known lung carcinogens, such as active tobacco smoking, household air pollution （hAP）, and outdoor air pollution. Evidence has also suggested that these known lung carcinogens may be associated with genetic predispositions, supporting the hypothesis that lung cancers attributed to differing exposures may have developed from unique underlying genetic mechanisms attributed to the exposure of interest. For instance, smoking- attributed lung cancer involves novel genetic markers of risk compared with hAP-attributed lung cancer. Therefore, genetic risk markers may be used in risk stratification to identify subpopulations that are at a higher risk for developing lung cancer attributed to a given exposure. Such targeted prevention strategies suggest that precision prevention strategies may be possible in the future; however, much work is needed to determine whether these strategies will be viable.

关键词： lung cancer screening risk factors environmental

Is the propensity to emit alarm calls associated with health status?

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 607-614页

作者： Austin L.Nash alexandra h.M.Jebb Daniel T.BLUMSTEIN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado265 UCBBoulderCO 80309USA School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenZoology BuildingTillydrone AvenueAberdeenAB242TZUK The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Box 519 Crested ButteCO 81224USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California621 Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

The production and structure of animal signals may depend on an individual's health status and may provide more than one type of information to *** alarm calls are not typically viewed as health condition dependent,recent studies have suggested that their structure,and possibly their propensity to be emitted,depends on an individual,s health condition and *** asked whether the propensity of yellow-bellied marmots(Marmota flaviventer)to emit calls is influen ced by their immuno logical or parasite status,by quantifying both trap-elicited and n atural calling rates as a function of their neutrophil-to-lymphocyte(NL)ratio,the presence of a blood borne trypanosome,and the presenee of several intestinal parasites(Eimeria sp.,Entamoeba sp.,and Ascaris sp.).We fitted mixed effects models to determine if the health measures we collected were associated with the probability of calling in a trap and with annual rates of natural alarm *** infected with a blood-borne trypanosome were marginally more likely to call naturally and when trapped,while those infected with the intestinal parasite Ascaris were less likely to call when *** ratio was not directly associated with in-trap calling probability,but males were more likely to call when they had higher NL ***,health conditions,such as parasite infection and immune system activation,can modulate the production of alarm signals and potentially provide in formation to both predators and prey about the caller's *** experiments are required to confirm if receivers use such information.

关键词： alarm calling animal communication antipredator behavior condition dependenee immune function parasites

Diabetes epidemic in the Asia pacific region:has hemoglobin A1C finally earned its place as a diagnostic tool?

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第2期4卷 85-89页

作者： alexandra Bagley Usman h.Malabu James Cook University Department of Medicine.Mackay Clinical School MackayBaseHospilal.Bridge Road MackayQLD 4740Australia Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes the Townsrille Hospital 100 Angus Smith Drive DouglasQLD 4814.Australia

Two-third of the world's population lives in the Asia Pacific region where prevalence of diabetes has reached epidemic *** China and India being the most populous nations on the globe,it is believed that over 150 million diabetes reside in the region with more than 95%being of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Furthermore,other Pacific islands in the region have high rales of T2DM including *** Polynesia,and *** latter has the highest prevalence of T2DM per population in the *** the past two decades,in Australia and New Zealand,the prevalence of T2DM has more than doubled,mainly amongst the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Maori peoples *** the increasing prevalence of dialietes in the Asia Pacific region coupled with the limited number of resources,use of a reliable and effective mode of diagnosis for T3DVI is *** to date,only New Zealand has adopted the American Diabetes Association recommendation of using hemoglobin A1C in the diagnosis of the *** aim of this review is to discuss the clinical usefulness of hemoglobin A1C and highlight its diagnostic role in the Asia Pacific region where T2DM is increasingly encountered.

关键词： hemoglobin AIC Diagnostic tool Asia Pacific region

Optimisation of zeolite LTA synthesis from alum sludge and the influence of the sludge source

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 130-142页

作者： alexandra Rozhkovskaya Jay Rajapakse Graeme J.Millar School of Civil and Enuironmental Engineering Science and Engineering FacultyQueensland University oTechnologyBrisbaneQueensland 4000Australia Institute for Future Environments and School of Mechanical Medical and Process EngineeringQueensland Uniuersity of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland 4000Australia

Generation of alum sludge(AS)at drinking water treatment plants represents an environmental liability and adds to the cost of water ***,this study explored the feasibility of using low and high carbon containing alum sludge from two water treatment plants to synthesize zeolite *** hypothesis was that zeolite LTA synthesis was dependant upon alum sludge source and that a range of strategies may be required to optimize zeolite *** characteristics such as morphology,phase composition,crystallinity,and particle size distribution were recorded."One pot"hydrothermal synthesis of precursor gel with molar composition 4.2 Na2O:Al2O3:1.2 SiO_(2):168 h2O at 80℃ for 3 hr resulted in 25 and 46 wt.%zeolite LTA from high and low carbonaceous sludge,*** to hydrothermal reaction stage it was discovered that ageing of the gel,addition of zeolite LTA seeds,ultrasonic treatment and calcination all promoted zeolite LTA *** of the alum sludge at 700℃ for 2 hr before hydrothermal synthesis resulted in particle size reduction and the highest amount of crystalline zeolite LTA:79 wt.%from low carbon sludge and 65 wt.%from high carbon ***,the zeolite crystallinity reported in this study was the higher than previous studies on this *** outlined approach may allow value adding of alum waste and produce a commodity which could be used locally by the water treatment plant as a water softener.

关键词： Alum sludge Zeolite LTA Ultrasonic Ageing Waste conversion

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of hepatology 2020年第4期12卷 170-183页

作者： alexandra Filips Martin h Maurer Matteo Montani Guido Beldi Anja Lachenmayer Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBern 3010Switzerland Department of Radiology InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBern 3010Switzerland Institute of Pathology InselspitalUniversity HospitalUniversity BernBern 3010Switzerland

BACKGROUND Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the liver(IMTL)are extremely rare neoplasms and very little is known about their clinical presentation,pathogenesis,and biological *** to their absolute rarity,it is almost impossible to obtain a definite diagnosis without histological *** of their intermediate biological behavior with the risk for local recurrence and metastases,surgical resection is recommend whenever IMTL is *** SUMMARY We herein present a case of an otherwise healthy 32-year-old woman who presented with intermittent fever,unclear anemia,malaise and right flank pain 4 mo *** liver mass in segment IVa/b was highly FDG avid in the positron emission tomography-computed *** resection was performed achieving a negative resection margin and an immediate resolution of all clinical *** analysis diagnosed the rare finding of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver and revealed cytoplasmic anaplastic lymphoma kinase expression by *** months follow-up magnetic resonance imaging showed no recurrence and no metastases in the fully recovered *** IMTLs are extremely rare and difficult to *** to their intermediate biological behavior,surgical resection should be perform whenever feasible and patients should be followed-up in order to detect recurrence and metastasis as early as possible.

关键词： Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor hepatic Inflammatory Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-expression Case report Review

Effect of niobium alloying level on the oxidation behavior of titanium aluminides at 850°C

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第12期23卷 1452-1457页

作者： alexandra Banu Maria Marcu Simona Petrescu Nicolae Ionescu Alexandru Paraschiv Faculty of Engineering and Management of Technological Systems Politehnica University of BucharestSplalul Independentei 313060032Bucharest060042Romania Department of Electrochemistry and Corrosion Institute of Physical Chemistry'Ilie Murgulescu'Splaiul Independentei 202Bucharest060021Romania Department of Gas Turbines Special Components COMOTI-R&D Romanian InstituteBd Iuliu Maniu 220061126BucharestRomania

This work addresses the alloying of titanium aluminides used in aircraft engine applications and automobiles. The oxidation resistance behavior of two titanium aluminides of α2 ＋ γ （Ti3Al ＋ TiAl） and orthorhombic Ti2NbAl, recognized as candidates for high-temperature applications, was investigated by exposure of the alloys for 100 h in air. Thus, oxidation resistance was expressed as the mass gain rate, whereas surface aspects were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the type of oxidation products was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The orthorhombic Ti2NbAl alloy was embrittled, and pores and microcracks were formed as a result of oxygen diffusion through the external oxide layer formed during thermal oxidation for 100 h.

关键词： titanium aluminide thermal oxidation oxidation resistance niobium alloying

Moving of a submarine under an ice cover in fluid of finite depth

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Journal of hydrodynamics 2019年第3期31卷 562-569页

作者： alexandra V. Pogorelova Vitali L. Zemlyak Victor M. Kozin Sholom-A leichem Priamursky State University Birobidzhan Russia Institute of Machining and Metallurgy FEB RAS Komsomolsk-na-Amure Russia

The influence of a basin depth on ice cover deflections, when a submarine moves under it in fluid, is experimentally and theoretically analyzed. For a theoretical research the ice cover is modelled by an elastic floating plate, and the submarine is modelled by a source-sink system in a fluid flow. The problem is solved by means of asymptotic analysis and integral transformations. The experimental study is conducted with submarine models in the pool with the sizes L*B*h= 10m*3m*lm . The ice cover for experiments is modelled in two ways. The first way is the thin ice plate received by freezing of the surface layer of water at low temperatures. In the second case the rubber sheet floating on a reservoir surface is used. The special velocity (the velocity at which maximum values of the wave height are reached) is analyzed. It is obtained that the decrease of the basin depth leads to decrease of the special speed. For small speeds (less than the special speed) there is the fact that the basin depth decrease leads to the increase of the height of the flexural-gravity wave.

关键词： Ice cover submarine flexural gravity wave source-sink system

Noninvasive Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Mediates Tissue Protection following Ischemic Stroke

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2022年第1期3卷 356-366页

作者： alexandra M.Kaloss Lauren N.Arnold Eman Soliman Maya Langman Nathalie Groot Eli Vlaisavljevich Michelle h.Theus Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics Virginia TechBlacksburg VA 24061USA Center for Engineered health Virginia TechBlacksburg Virginia 24061USA

Objective and Impact *** study examined the efficacy and safety of pulsed,low-intensity focused ultrasound(LIFU)and determined its ability to provide neuroprotection in a murine permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(pMCAO)*** ultrasound(FUS)has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke;however,its nonthrombolytic properties remain ***,we examined how LIFU influenced neuroprotection and vascular changes following *** to the critical role of leptomeningeal anastomoses or pial collateral vessels,in cerebral blood flow restoration and tissue protection following ischemic stroke,we also investigated their growth and *** were exposed to transcranial LIFU(fundamental frequency:1.1 Mhz,sonication duration:300 ms,interstimulus interval:3 s,pulse repetition frequency:1 khz,duty cycle per pulse:50%,and peak negative pressure:-2.0 MPa)for 30 minutes following induction of pMCAO and then evaluated for infarct volume,blood-brain barrier(BBB)disruption,and pial collateral remodeling at 24 hrs *** found significant neuroprotection in mice exposed to LIFU compared to mock *** findings correlated with a reduced area of IgG deposition in the cerebral cortex,suggesting attenuation of BBB breakdown under LIFU *** also observed increased diameter of CD31-postive microvessels in the ischemic *** observed no significant difference in pial collateral vessel size between FUS and mock treatment at 24 hrs *** data suggests that therapeutic use of LIFU may induce protection through microvascular remodeling that is not related to its thrombolytic activity.

关键词： Focus repetition treatment

Inhibition of IKK-NFκB pathway sensitizes lung cancer cell lines to radiation

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2017年第3期14卷 293-301页

作者： Avgi Tsolou Maria Liousia Dimitra Kalamida Stamatia Pouliliou alexandra Giatromanolaki MichaelKoukourakis Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology Democritus University of Thrace and University General Hospital of AlexandroupolisAlexandroupolis 68100Greece Department of Pathology Democritus University of Thrace and University General Hospital of AlexandroupolisAlexandroupolis 68100Greece

Objective:Cancer cell radioresistance is a stumbling block in radiation *** activity in the nuclear factor kappa B(NFκB)pathway correlates with anti-apoptotic mechanisms and increased *** IKK complex plays a major role in NFκB activation upon numerous *** this study,we examined the interaction between ionizing radiation(IR)and different members of the IKK-NFκB pathway,as well as upstream activators,RAF1,ERK,and ***:The effect of 4 Gy of IR on the expression of the RAF1-ERK-IKK-NFκB pathway was examined in A549 and h1299 lung cancer cell lines using Western blot analysis and confocal *** examined changes in radiation sensitivity using gene silencing or pharmacological inhibitors of ERK and IKKβ.Results:IKKα,IKKγ,and IκBαincreased upon exposure to IR,thereby affecting nuclear levels of NFκB(phospho-p65).ERK inhibition or si RNA-mediated down-regulation of RAF1 suppressed the post-irradiation survival of the examined lung cancer cell lines.A similar effect was detected on survival upon silencing IKKα/IKKγor inhibiting IKKβ.Conclusions:Exposure of lung cancer cells to IR results in NFκB activation via *** genetic or pharmacological blockage of the RAF1-ERK-IKK-NFκB pathway sensitizes cells to therapeutic doses of ***,the IKK pathway is a promising target for therapeutic intervention in combination with radiotherapy.

关键词： IKK NFκB ionising radiation lung cancer radiosensitization