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Impacts of low level aflatoxin in feed and the use of modified yeast cell wall extract on growth and health of nursery pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 177-183页

作者： Yawang Sun Inkyung Park Jiyao Guo alexandra c.weaver Sung Woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University

This study was to investigate the effect of corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxins(AF)under the regulatory level on the growth performance and health of nursery pigs,and the efficiency of yeast cell wall based feed additive(Yc)mainly composed ofβ-glucans and mannan oligosaccharide(MOS)(Integral A+,Alltech,Lexington,KY)in prevention of ***(60 barrows and 60 gilts at 6.02 ± 0.83kg BW)were randomly allotted to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design based on a 2×2 factorial arrangement with 10 pens(5 barrow and 5 gilt pens)per treatment and 3 pigs per *** were fed experimental diets for 5 *** factor was AF(0 or 20 mg/kg in feed)and the second factor was Yc(0 or 2 g/kg in feed).Feed intake and body weight were measured weekly,and blood samples were used to measure blood cell counts,immunoglobulin G(Ig G),tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a),oxidative damage status,and serological evaluation related to liver *** decreased(Pcount(247.4 to 193.5×10~3/μL),and it also tended to increase the level of albumin(P=0.055,3.46 to 3.63 g/d L),albumin:globulin ratio(P=0.050,2.09 to 2.37),and ca(P=0.080,10.79 to 10.97 mg/d L).Yeast cell wall based feed additive increased(P cted,and it also tended to increase(P=0.055)albumin level(3.46 to 3.63 g/d L).Interactions(P crit,and platelet count indicated that Yc further increased their levels when pigs were eating AF contaminated ***(P creatinine ratio indicated that Yc further decreased their levels when feed were contaminated with *** conclusion,low level of 20 mg AF/kg under the regulatory level had minor effects on hematology without affecting growth performance,however the supplementation of 2 g/kg Yc as a source ofβ-glucans and MOS in feed can improve feed intake and therefore the growth of pi

关键词： Aflatoxin β-glucans Health MOS Nursery pigs modified yeast cell wall extract

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Elevation transition of aquatic insects closely matches a thermal feature in the Yungas of Northwestern Argentina

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 433-448页

作者： alexandra BUITRAGO-GUAcANAME carlos MOLINERI Andrés LIRA-NORIEGA Daniel Andrés DOS SANTOS Neotropical Biodiversity Institute(cONIcET-UNT) UNT-DomesHorco Molle S/N4107 TucumánArgentina cONAcYT Research Fellow Network of Advanced Molecular StudiesInstitute of Ecology A.COld Road to Coatepec 351El HayaCP 91073XalapaVeracruzMexico Biostatistics chair Faculty of Natural Sciences and IMLNational University of TucumánSan Miguel de TucumánMiguel Lillo 2054000 TucumánArgentina

Temperature is a key factor that shapes the distribution of *** knowledge about how species respond to temperature is relevant to devise strategies for addressing the impacts of climate *** insects are particularly vulnerable to climate change,yet there is still much to learn about their ecology and *** the Yungas ecoregion of Northwestern Argentina,cold-and warm-adapted species of the orders Ephemeroptera,Plecoptera,and Trichoptera(EPT)are segregated by *** modeled the ecological niche of South American EPT species in this region using available data and projected their potential distribution in geographic *** were grouped based on their ecogeographic similarity,and we analyzed their replacement pattern along elevation gradients,focusing on the ecotone where opposing thermal preferences *** this interface,we identified critical points where the combined incidence of cold and warm assemblages maximizes,indicating a significant transition *** found that the Montane cloud Forest holds the interface,with a particularly greater suitability at its lower *** main axis of the interface runs in a N-S direction and falls between 14°c-16°c mean annual *** probability of a particular location within a basin being classified as part of the interface increases as Kira’s warmth index approaches a score around *** the interface is critical for defining the thermal limits of species distribution and designing biomonitoring *** in the location of thermal constants related to mountainous ecotones may cause vertical displacement of aquatic insects and vegetation *** have recognized significant temperature thresholds that serve as indicators of suitability for the *** global warming is anticipated to shift these indicators,we suggest using them to monitor the imprints of climate change on mountain ecosystems.

关键词： Austral Yungas Ecological Niche Model Ephemeroptera Kira’s warmth index Plecoptera Trichoptera

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Rational molecular design of efficient yellow-red dendrimer TADF for solution-processed OLEDs: a combined effect of substitution position and strength of the donors

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Science china chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1613-1623页

作者： changfeng Si Dianming Sun Tomas Matulaitis David B.cordes alexandra M.Z.Slawin Eli Zysman-colman Organic Semiconductor centre EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsKY169STUK

The development of high-performance solution-processed red organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs) remains a challenge,particularly in terms of maintaining efficiency at high luminance. Here, we designed and synthesized four novel orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) dendrimers that are solution-processable: 2Gcz BP, 2DPAcz BP, 2FBP2Gcz and 2FBP2DPAcz. We systematically investigated the effect of substitution position and strength of donors on the optoelectronic properties. The reverse intersystem crossing rate constant(kRISc) of the emitters having donors substituted at positions 11and 12 of the dibenzo[a,c]phenazine(BP) is more than 10-times faster than that of compounds substituted having donors substituted at positions 3 and 6. compound 2DPAcz BP, containing stronger donors than 2Gcz BP, exhibits a red-shifted emission and smaller singlet-triplet energy splitting, ΔE_(ST), of 0.01 e V. The solution-processed OLED with 10 wt% 2DPAcz BP doped in m cP emitted at 640 nm and showed a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE_(max)) of 7.8%, which was effectively maintained out to a luminance of 1,000 cd m-2. Such a device's performance at relevant display luminance is among the highest for solution-processed red TADF OLEDs. The efficiency of the devices was improved significantly by using 4cz IPN as an assistant dopant in a hyperfluorescence(HF) configuration, where the 2DPAcz BP HF device shows an EQEmaxof 20.0% at λEL of 605 nm and remains high at 11.8% at a luminance of 1,000 cd m-2, which makes this device one of the highest efficiency orange-to-red HF SP-OLEDs to date.

关键词： thermally activated delayed fluorescence solution-processing red OLEDs dibenzo[a,c]phenazine dendrimers

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霉菌毒素如何威胁家禽健康和生产性能

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2024年第1期44卷 41-43页

作者： Kayla Price alexandra weaver 蔡霞(译) 范美红(校) 李红(审) 不详

霉菌毒素是霉菌在受到应激或环境刺激时产生的代谢物。霉菌毒素一旦产生,就会非常稳定,在作物的整个收获、储存、加工和饲喂过程中都会残留在饲料中,对蛋鸡、种鸡和肉鸡都会造成危害。不同的霉菌会产生不同的霉菌毒素,这些霉菌毒素会影... 详细信息

霉菌毒素是霉菌在受到应激或环境刺激时产生的代谢物。霉菌毒素一旦产生,就会非常稳定,在作物的整个收获、储存、加工和饲喂过程中都会残留在饲料中,对蛋鸡、种鸡和肉鸡都会造成危害。不同的霉菌会产生不同的霉菌毒素,这些霉菌毒素会影响家禽的健康和生产性能。霉菌毒素污染是可控的,但必须采取从田间到农场的综合方法。

关键词：霉菌霉菌毒素家禽生产性能控制

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Macroalgal deep genomics illuminate multiple paths to aquatic,photosynthetic multicellularity

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 747-771页

作者： David R.Nelson alexandra Mystikou Ashish Jaiswal cecilia Rad-Menendez Michael J.Preston Frederik De Boever Diana c.El Assal Sarah Daakour Michael W.Lomas Jean-claude Twizere David H.Green William c.Ratcliff Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani Division of Science and Math New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE center for Genomics and Systems Biology(cGSB) New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Biotechnology Research center Technology Innovation InstitutePO Box 9639Masdar CityAbu DhabiUAE culture collection of Algae and Protozoa Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanScotlandUK National center for Marine Algae and Microbiota Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesEast BoothbayMEUSA Laboratory of Viral Interactomes GIGA InstituteUniversity of LiegeLiegeBelgium School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA

Macroalgae are multicellular,aquatic autotrophs that play vital roles in global climate maintenance and have diverse applications in biotechnology and eco-engineering,which are directly linked to their multicellularity ***,their genomic diversity and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying multicellularity in these organisms remain *** this study,we sequenced 110 macroalgal genomes from diverse climates and phyla,and identified key genomic features that distinguish them from their microalgal *** for cell adhesion,extracellular matrix formation,cell polarity,transport,and cell differentiation distinguish macroalgae from microalgae across all three major phyla,constituting conserved and unique gene sets supporting multicellular *** genes show phylum-and climate-specific expansions that may facilitate niche ***,our study reveals genetic determinants of convergent and divergent evolutionary trajectories that have shaped morphological diversity in macroalgae and provides genome-wide frameworks to understand photosynthetic multicellular evolution in aquatic environments.

关键词： macroalgae multicellularity comparative genomics evolution adhesome endogenous viral elements

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*** model of riboflavin transporter deficiency(RTD)disorder reveals deficits in synaptic transmission and movement

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 120-123页

作者： Ramesh K.Narayanan Gonzalo Perez-siles Kamila A.Marzec alexandra Boyling Brent Neumann Manoj P.Menezes Marina L.Kennerson Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory ANZAC Research Institute-Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSW 2139Australia Sydney Medical School University of SydneySydneyNSw 2050Australia ANZAc Research Institute-Sydney Local Health District SydneyNSW 2139Australia Neuroscience Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3800Australia TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Kids Neuroscience Children's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadSydneyNSW2145Australia Paediatrics and child Health The University of SydneySydneySydneyNSW 2145Australia Molecular Medicine Laboratory Concord General Repatriation HospitalSydneyNSW 2139Australia

Riboflavin transporter deficiency(RTD),previously known as Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome,is a childhoodonset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by sensory and motor neuron degeneration causing ataxia,muscle weakness,optic atrophy,and respiratory *** in SLc52A2 and SLc52A3,solute carrier family members that encode riboflavin(RF)transporters RFVT2 and RFVT3,are known to cause RTD types 2 and 3,respectively.

关键词： RTD degeneration TD

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Amino acid fortified diets for weanling pigs replacing fish meal and whey protein concentrate:Effects on growth,immune status,and gut health

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第3期6卷 330-339页

作者： Yan Zhao alexandra c.weaver Vivek Fellner Robert L Payne Sung Woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University Evonik corp

Background： Limited availability of fish meal and whey protein concentrate increases overall feed costs. Availability of increased number of supplemental amino acids including Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Val, and lie allows replacing expensive protein supplements to reduce feed costs. This study was to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal and/or whey protein concentrate in nursery diets with 6 supplemental amino acids on growth performance and gut health of post-weaning pigs. Treatments were 1） FM-WPc： diet with fish meal （FM） and whey protein concentrate （WPc）; 2） FM-AA： diet with FM and crystalline amino acids （L-Lys, L-Thr, L-Trp, DL-Met, L-Val, and L-lie）; 3） WPc-AA： diet with WPc and crystalline amino acid; and 4） AA： diet with crystalline amino acid. Results： Pigs in FM-AA, WPc-AA, and AA had greater （P 〈 0.0.5） ADG and gain：feed than pigs in FM-WPc during wk ] （phase 1）. Plasma insulin concentration of pigs in AA tended to be greater （P = 0.064） than that of FM-WPc at the end of wk 1 （phase 1）. Plasma concentrations of IgG in AA was lower （P 〈 0.05） compared with WPc-AA and FW, and FM-AA had lower （P 〈 0.05） IgG concentration than WPc-AA at the end of wk 1 （phase 1）. concentration of acetate in cecum digesta in FM-AA tended to be greater （P = 0.054） than that of FM-WPc and WPc-AA. concentration of isovalerate in cecum digesta of pigs in FM-AA was greater （P 〈 0.05） than that of FW and WPc-AA. conclusions： This study indicates that use of 6 supplemental amino acids can replace fish meal and/or whey protein concentrate without adverse effects on growth performance, immune status, and gut health of pigs at d 21 to 49 of age. Positive response with the use of 6 supplemental amino acids in growth during the first week of post-weaning may due to increased plasma insulin potentially improving uptake of nutrients for protein synthesis and energy utilization. The replacement of fish meal and/or whey protein concentrate with 6 supplemental amino acids could decrease the

关键词： Amino acid Fish meal Growth performance Pig Whey protein concentrate

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Improving efficiency of sow productivity: nutrition and health

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第3期4卷 187-194页

作者： Sung Woo Kim alexandra c.weaver Yan Bin Shen Yan Zhao Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina Raleigh 27695 USA

This reviews research focused to understand the nutrient requirement and balance to meet the needs of fetal growth,mammary growth,and milk *** summary will handle how feeding strategies can be adjusted according to the nutrient needs for a sow to enhance productivity and *** research data used in this summary are based on the studies conducted by the authors between 1996 and *** requirements of sows are affected by stage of gestation and parity of *** antioxidant concentrations need to be re-evaluated for its sufficiency in sow diets especially to prevent excessive oxidative stress during late gestation and *** feeding sows,consideration of phase feeding of gestating sows and parity feeding of lactating sows could enhances production longevity and health of *** of selected nutrients and additives seems to help productivity and health of sows.

关键词： colostrum Gestation Lactation Milk Nutrition Pig

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Neonatal lamb mortality:major risk factors and the potential ameliorative role of melatonin

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 451-461页

作者： Tom Flinn David O.Kleemann Alyce M.Swinbourne Jennifer M.Kelly Alice c.weaver Simon K.Walker Kathryn L.Gatford Karen L.Kind William H.E.J.van Wettere Davies Livestock Research centre School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia Turretfield Research centre South Australian Research and Development InstituteRosedaleSAAustralia Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia

High incidences of pre-weaning mortality continue to limit global sheep production,constituting a major economic and welfare *** significant advances in genetics,nutrition,and management,the proportion of lamb deaths has remained stable at 15–20%over the past four *** is mounting evidence that melatonin can improve outcomes in compromised ovine pregnancies via enhanced uterine bloodflow and neonatal *** review provides an overview of the major risk factors and underlying mechanisms involved in perinatal lamb mortality and discusses the potential of melatonin treatment as a remedial *** pregnant ewes with melatonin enhances uterine bloodflow and fetal oxygenation,and potentially birthweight and neonatal thermogenic *** freely crosses the ovine placenta and blood-brain barrier and provides neuroprotection to the fetal lamb during periods of chronic and acute hypoxia throughout gestation,with improved behavioural outcomes in hypoxic *** current literature provides strong evidence that maternal melatonin treatment improves outcomes for lambs which experience compromised in utero development or prolonged parturition,though to date this has not been investigated in livestock production *** such there is a clear basis for continued research into the effects of maternal melatonin supplementation during gestation on pre-weaning survival under extensive production conditions.

关键词： Lamb survival Melatonin Neonatal mortality Reproduction Sheep

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cross-neutralization and cross-protection among SARS-coV-2 viruses bearing different variant spikes

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第9期7卷 3202-3205页

作者： Yang Liu Jianying Liu Jing Zou Birte Kalveram Rafael R.G.Machado Ping Ren Sina Tureli Derek J.Smith Scott c.weaver Xuping Xie Pei-Yong Shi Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA Institute of Infectious Diseases Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA Department of Pathology University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA center for Pathogen Evolution Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK Sealy Institute for Drug Discovery University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA Sealy center for Structural Biology&Molecular Biophysics University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA

Dear Editor The rapid evolution of SARS-coV-2 mandates a better under-standing of cross-neutralization and cross-protection among *** information is essential to guide vaccine strategy and public *** examine the cross-protection among different variant spikes,we initially prepared four chimeric SARS-coV-2 viruses(Fig.1a),each bearing the spike gene from Alpha,Beta,Gamma,or Epsilon in the backbone of USA-WA1/2020[isolated in January 2020 and defned as wild-type(WT)].

关键词： vaccine cross backbone

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