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Stable diffusion gradients in microfluidic conduits bounded by fluid walls

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 357-367页

作者： Federico Nebuloni Cyril Deroy Peter r.cook Edmond J.Walsh Department of Engineering Science Osney Thermo-Fluids InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxford OX20ESUK Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK

Assays mimicking in vitro the concentration gradients triggering biological responses like those involved in fighting infections and blood clotting are essential for biomedical *** assays prove especially attractive as they allow precise control of gradient shape allied to a reduction in *** microfluidic devices are fabricated using solid plastics that prevent direct access to responding ***-walled microfluidics allows the manufacture of circuits on standard Petri dishes in seconds,coupled to simple operating methods;cell-culture medium sitting in a standard dish is confined to circuits by fluid walls made of an immiscible *** develop and experimentally validate an analytical model of diffusion between two or more aqueous streams flowing at different rates into a fluid-walled conduit with the cross-section of a circular *** solid walls,fluid walls morph during flows as pressures fall,with wall shape changing down the *** model is validated experimentally for Fourier numbersrescein diffusing between laminar *** enables a priori prediction of concentration gradients throughout a conduit,so allowing rapid circuit design as well as providing bioscientists with an accurate way of predicting local concentrations of bioactive molecules around responsive and nonresponsive cells.

关键词： walls diffusion attractive

Urban-rural Disparities for COVID-19:Evidence from 10 Countries and Areas in the Western Pacific

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Health Data Science 2021年第1期2021卷 60-68页

作者： Minah Park Jue Tao Lim Lin Wang alex r.cook Borame L.Dickens Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National Health SystemsNational University of SingaporeSingapore Department of Genetics University of CambridgeCambridge CB23EHUK Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit Institut PasteurUMR2000CNRSParis 75015France

*** evidence on the effectiveness of various types of social distancing measures,from voluntary physical distancing to a community-wide quarantine,exists for the Western Pacific region(WPr)which has large urban and rural *** estimated the time-varying reproduction number(rt)in a Bayesian framework using district-level mobility data provided by Facebook(i)to assess how various social distancing policies have contributed to the reduction in transmissibility of SArS-COV-2 and(ii)to examine within-country variations in behavioural responses,quantified by reductions in mobility,for urban and rural *** distancing measures were largely effective in reducing transmissibility,with rt estimates decreased to around the threshold of ***-country analysis showed substantial variation in public compliance across *** in mobility were significantly lower in rural and remote areas than in urban areas and metropolitan cities(prders in *** findings provide empirical evidence that public compliance and consequent intervention effectiveness differ between urban and rural areas in the *** work is required to ascertain the factors affecting these differing behavioural responses,which can assist in policy-making efforts and increase public compliance in rural areas where populations are older and have poorer access to healthcare.

关键词： COV policy Facebook

Stratification of Patients with Diabetes Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring Profiles and Machine Learning

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Health Data Science 2022年第1期2022卷 144-152页

作者： Yinan Mao Kyle Xin Quan Tan Augustin Seng Peter Wong Sue-Anne Toh alex r.cook Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore and National University Health SystemSingapore Department of Statistics and Data Science National University of SingaporeSingapore NOVI Health Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore

*** glucose monitoring(CGM)offers an opportunity for patients with diabetes to modify their lifestyle tobetter manage their condition and for clinicians to provide personalized healthcare and lifestyle ***,analytic toolsare needed to standardize and analyze the rich data that emerge from CGM *** would allow glucotypes of patients tobe identified to aid clinical *** this paper,we develop an analysis pipeline for CGM data and applyit to 148 diabetic patients with a total of 8632 days of follow *** pipeline projects CGM data to a lower-dimensional spaceof features representing centrality,spread,size,and duration of glycemic excursions and the circadian *** then useprincipal components analysis and k-means to cluster patients’records into one of four glucotypes and analyze clustermembership using multinomial logistic *** differ in the degree of control,amount of time spent inrange,and on the presence and timing of hyper-and *** on the program had statistically significantimprovements in their glucose *** pipeline provides a fast automatic function to label raw CGM datawithout manual input.

关键词： Patients Profiles membership

Predicting flows through microfluidic circuits with fluid walls

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第6期7卷 119-127页

作者： Cyril Deroy Nicholas Stovall-Kurtz Federico Nebuloni Cristian Soitu Peter r.cook Edmond J.Walsh Department of Engineering Science Osney Thermo-Fluids LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxford OX20ESUK Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring HarborNYUSA

The aqueous phase in traditional microfluidics is usually confined by solid walls;flows through such systems are often predicted *** solid walls limit access,open systems are being developed in which the aqueous phase is partly bounded by fluid walls(interfaces with air or immiscible liquids).Such fluid walls morph during flow due to pressure gradients,so predicting flow fields remains *** recently developed a version of open microfluidics suitable for live-cell biology in which the aqueous phase is confined by an interface with an immiscible and bioinert fluorocarbon(FC40).Here,we find that common medium additives(fetal bovine serum,serum replacement)induce elastic no-slip boundaries at this interface and develop a semi-analytical model to predict flow *** experimentally validate the model’s accuracy for single conduits and fractal vascular trees and demonstrate how flow fields and shear stresses can be controlled to suit individual applications in cell biology.

关键词： walls flows flow

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主要生物地球化学循环与人类发展的变化

世界地质 1985年第Z1期 131-139页

作者： r.cook 谢宇平

碳、氮、磷和硫是基本分子的形成所需要的,生命依靠这些基本分子,然而,现时活着的有机质的这些元素原始分布和循环却已经改变。因为,对于保持地球上的生命非常主要的生物化学循环的本身,基本上决定于一些生物学过程,人类活动已在发生一... 详细信息

碳、氮、磷和硫是基本分子的形成所需要的,生命依靠这些基本分子,然而,现时活着的有机质的这些元素原始分布和循环却已经改变。因为,对于保持地球上的生命非常主要的生物化学循环的本身,基本上决定于一些生物学过程,人类活动已在发生一种与自然流的大小可以对比C,N,P和S的流,所以直到最近,这种平衡一直受到扰乱。

关键词：生物化学循环生态系统活着碳循环人类活动天然森林生物循环碳贮量酸雪全球气温

Comparing outcomes from the two most recognized acupuncturist workforce surveys

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第1期15卷 37-43页

作者： Steven H. Stumpf Kory Ward-cook Clifford r. Carr Health Administration Program California State University at NorthridgeNorthridgeCalifornia 91330USA National Certification Commission of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine JacksonvilleFlorida 32202USA Clifford r.Carr 1743 PenmarAvenue#3VeniceCalifornia 90291USA

OBJECTIVE： To determine the informational consistency produced by the two most recent independent surveys and draw a conclusion whether the data would be sufficient for the National Center for Health Workforce Analysis and Bureau of Labor and Statistics consideration. METHODS： This paper compares workforce outcomes collected by the two most prominent acupuncture entities that have produced the most useful acupuncturist workforce data （California Acupuncture Board 2015 Occupational Analysis and the National Certification Commission of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine^2013 Job Analysis） at national and state levels. rESULTS： Findings based upon the most compatible survey questions showed the following： more than 70% of acupuncturists work fewer than 40 hours weekly; approximately 76% work in solo practice or in shared space with other acupuncturists; more than 70% of the national sample have been in practice 15 years or less; and median income is between $40 000 and $50 000. A preponderance of acupuncturists is less than 50 years of age, and fewer than 15% of all respondents have been in practice more than 20 years. CONCLUSION： Basic workforce information is a necessary precursor for conducting workforce projections. It is useful to track the expansion or contraction of any given profession. Tracking influences subsequent planning for the profession based upon reliable and valid information about its growth. The ability of the profession to collect its own workforce data is paramount to workforce projection models. Any future survey should be a shared project that follows guidelines supported by the National Center for Health Workforce Analysis.

关键词： acupuncture workforce survey outcome assessment (health care) income

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Prenatal multiple micronutrient-fortified balanced energy-protein supplementation and newborn telomere length and mitochondrial DNA content: a randomized controlled efficacy trial in rural Burkina Faso

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Giles T.Hanley-cook Yuri Bastos-Moreira Dries S.Martens Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg Laeticia Celine Toe Brenda de Kok Lionel Ouédraogo Alemayehu Argaw Kokeb Tesfamariam Patrick Kolsteren Lieven Huybregts Tim S.Nawrot Sarah De Saeger Marthe De Boevre Carl Lachat Department of Food Technology， Safety and Health， Faculty of Bioscience Engineering， Ghent University Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health， MYTOXSOUTH~(?) Coordination Unit， Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences， Ghent University Centre for Environmental Sciences， Hasselt University Unité Nutrition et Maladies Métaboliques， Institut de recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IrSS) Centre Muraz Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health， MYTOXSOUTH? Coordination Unit， Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences， Ghent University Nutrition， Diets， and Health Unit， Department of Food and Nutrition Policy， International Food Policy research Institute (IFPrI) Department of Public Health & Primary Care， University of Leuven Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology， Faculty of Science， University of Johannesburg， Doornfontein Campus

Background: Evidence regarding the effectiveness of prenatal nutritional supplements has mainly considered anthropometric pregnancy outcomes. The effect on markers of health and disease， such as offspring telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNAc) is unknown. Objectives: We assessed the efficacy of maternal multiple micronutrient (MMN)-fortified balanced-energy protein (BEP) and iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation on newborn TL as a secondary outcome and mtDNAc as a non-declared outcome. Design: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso， among pregnant females (15-40 years old) enrolled at rs received either MMN-fortified BEP and IFA (intervention) or IFA only (control) throughout pregnancy. Whole arterial blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord of 104 control and 90 intervention group infants， respectively. Average relative TL and mtDNAc were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Linear regression models were fitted to assess TL and mtDNAc differences across trial arms. results: We found that a combined daily MMN-fortified BEP supplement and IFA tablet did not affect newborn TL [β = -0.010 (95% CI: -0.057， 0.036); P = 0.662] or mtDNAc [β = 0.065 (95% CI: -0.203， 0.073); P = 0.354]， as compared to an IFA tablet alone. These findings were confirmed (P > 0.05) by adjusting the regression models for potential prognostic factors of study outcomes at enrollment. Exploratory analyses indicated higher， but non-significantly different mtDNAc among children born either small-for-gestational age， low birthweight， or preterm. Conclusions: Newborns from mothers who received daily nutritional supplements across gestation did not have different relative TL or mtDNAc.

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Effects of oral premedication on cognitive status of elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2015年第3期12卷 257-262页

作者： Javed M Ashraf Marc Schweigel Neelima Vallurupalli Sandra Bellantonio James r.cook Department of Cardiology Truman Medical Center UMKC School of Medicine Kansas City MO USA Departments of Cardiology Baystate Medical Center Tufts University School of Medicine MA USA Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Baystate Medical Center Tufts University School of Medicine Springfield MA USA

Background Sedatives and analgesics are often administered to achieve conscious sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Appropriate concerns have been raised regarding post procedure delirium related to peri-procedural medication in the elderly. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of premedication on new onset delirium and procedural care in elderly patients. Methods Patients 〉 70 years old and scheduled for elective cardiac catheterization were randomly assigned to receive either oral diphenhydramine and diaze- pam （25 rag/5 mg） or no premedication. All patients underwent a mini mental state exam and delirium assessment using confusion assess- ment method prior to the procedure and repeated at 4 h after the procedure and prior to discharge. Patients＇ cooperation during the procedure and ease of post-procedure were measured using Visual Analog Scale （VAS）. The degree of alertness was assessed immediately on arrival to the floor, and twice hourly afterwards using Observer＇s Assessment of Alermess/Sedation Scale （OAA/S）. results A total of 93 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 77 years, and 47 patients received premedication prior to the procedure. None of the patients in either group developed delirium. Patients＇ cooperation and the ease of procedure was greater and pain medication requirement less both during and after the procedure in the pre-medicated group （P 〈 0.05 for both）. Nurses reported an improvement with patient management in the pre-medicated group （P = 0.08）. Conclusions In conclusion, prcmedication did not cause delirium in elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The reduced pain medication requirement, perceived procedural ease and post procedure management favors premedication in elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.

关键词： Cardiac catheterization Diphenhydramine Diazepam Delirium The elderly

粉末冶金Al-5.6Zn-2Mg合金在热压缩过程中加工硬化特性及本构模型的比较

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Journal of Central South University 2024年第2期31卷 346-368页

作者： KATIKA Harikrishna DAMODA r.K. DAVIDSON M.J. SEETHArAM r. KASAGANI Veera Venkata Nagaraju Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangal 506004India Department of Mechanical Engineering The Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and ManufacturingKurnool 518007India

在300~5000℃、应变速率为0.1~0.0001 s−1的条件下,在万能试验机上对Al-5.6Zn-2Mg铝合金进行热压缩试验,以确定动态再结晶开始时的加工硬化速率曲线σ_(c)(ε_(c))l以及关键特征σ_(c)(ε_(c))l、σ_(p)(ε_(p))和σ_(ss)与Z系数之间的... 详细信息

在300~5000℃、应变速率为0.1~0.0001 s−1的条件下,在万能试验机上对Al-5.6Zn-2Mg铝合金进行热压缩试验,以确定动态再结晶开始时的加工硬化速率曲线σ_(c)(ε_(c))l以及关键特征σ_(c)(ε_(c))l、σ_(p)(ε_(p))和σ_(ss)与Z系数之间的相关性。使用了四个本构模型,Arrhenius模型、改进的Johnson-cook模型(MJC)、改进的Zerilli-Armstrong模型(MZA)和开发的人工神经网络(ANN)。结果表明,ANN型模型和Arrhenius模型的相对误差的绝对平均值最低,分别为0.486%和3.36%,MZA型模型和MJC型模型的相对误差的绝对平均值较高,分别为8.84%和3.93%。由于Arrhenius模型能够处理各种因素之间的非线性关系,因此它被认为是最合适的预测模型,但在材料性质未知或实验数据有限的情况下,MJC模型可能是一种更简单的替代方法。MZA模型不适合估计热压缩时的流变应力。此外,训练最好的神经网络模型的预测性能最好,相对误差的绝对平均值为0.486%,r值为0.99。

关键词：加工硬化速率曲线本构建模热压缩 EBSD分析流变曲线

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