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Between plaza and peak: a montological perspective on verticality and urbanization in highland Peru

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第10期20卷 2783-2803页

作者： Andreas HALLER Domenico BRANCA Deyvis cano Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research Austrian Academy of SciencesInnsbruck 6020Austria Department of Humanities and Social Sciences University of SassariSassari 07100Italy Programa Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental Universidad de HuánucoHudnuco 10001Peru

Under the influence of concentrated and extended urbanization,Andean cities and the different altitudinal zones of their“hinterlands”are experiencing profound changes in land cover—from the central plazas up to the highest *** complex regional-geographic characteristics of these socioecological systems,such as the vertical complementarity of land use,require a montological perspective on verticality and urbanization:it transcends disciplinary approaches and can be crucial to properly interpret the trajectories of land cover change and formulate hypotheses for future practiceoriented *** trajectories of land cover change characterized altitudinal zones of Andean cities and their surroundings over the last three decades?Are there similarities that allow for the formulation of more general hypotheses?Using the Peruvian cases of Cusco and Huaraz,and combining a traditional altitudinal zonation model of land use in Peru with direct field observations and GIS-based analyses of remotely sensed data from 1991,2001,2011,and 2021,this study identifies the main trajectories of land cover change in the Quechua(>2300–3500 m),Suni(>3500–4000 m),and Puna(>4000–4800 m)regions—and finds insightful similarities between Cusco and Huaraz:(1)an impressive area of built-up land substitutes grassland in the Quechua,which,following regional altitudinal zonation models,is characterized by irrigated and rain-fed cropland;(2)an unexpected expansion of irrigated cropland takes place in the Suni,which,in theory,often lacks irrigation infrastructure and is mostly used for rain-fed tuber cultivation;and(3)a clear change from“other land”to grassland occurs in the Puna—where grassland is thought to predominate,anyway,since pre-Hispanic *** that these changes reflect the interplay between speculative fallow,agricultural intensification,and ecological restoration,the results can be read as vertically complementary,local manifestations of concentrated and extended urba

关键词： Mountain cities Mountain agriculture Land use change Land cover change Rural-urban linkages Montology

Controlling self-assembling and tumor cell-targeting of protein-only nanoparticles through modular protein engineering

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Science China Materials 2020年第1期63卷 147-156页

作者： Eric Volta-Duran Olivia cano-Garrido Naroa Serna Hector Lopez-Laguna Laura Sanchez-Garcia Mireia Pesarrodona alejandro Sanchez-Chardi Ramon Mangues Antonio Villaverde Esther Vazquez Ugutz Unzueta Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra08193 BarcelonaSpain Departament de Genetica i de Microbiologia Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra08193 BarcelonaSpain CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina(CIBER-BBN)C/Monforte de Lemos 3-528029 MadridSpain Nanoligent SL Edifici EUREKAUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBellaterra08193 BarcelonaSpain Institut dInvestigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau and Josep Carreras Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau08041 BarcelonaSpain Departament de Biologia Evolutiva Ecologia i Ciencies AmbientalsFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaAv.Diagonal 64308028 BarcelonaSpain Institute for Research in Biomedicine(IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology08028 BarcelonaSpain

Modular protein engineering is suited to recruit complex and multiple functionalities in single-chain polypeptides. Although still unexplored in a systematic way, it is anticipated that the positioning of functional domains would impact and refine these activities, including the ability to organize as supramolecular entities and to generate multifunctional protein materials. To explore this concept, we have repositioned functional segments in the modular protein T22-GFP-H6 and characterized the resulting alternative fusions. In T22-GFP-H6, the combination of T22 and H6 promotes selfassembling as regular nanoparticles and selective binding and internalization of this material in CXCR4-overexpressing tumor cells, making them appealing as vehicles for selective drug delivery. The results show that the pleiotropic activities are dramatically affected in module-swapped constructs, proving the need of a carboxy terminal positioning of H6 for protein self-assembling, and the accommodation of T22 at the amino terminus as a requisite for CXCR4^+ cell binding and internalization. Furthermore, the failure of self-assembling as regular oligomers reduces cellular penetrability of the fusions while keeping the specificity of the T22-CXCR4 *** these data instruct how multifunctional nanoscale protein carriers can be designed for smart, protein-driven drug delivery, not only for the treatment of CXCR4^+ human neoplasias, but also for the development of anti-HIV drugs and other pathologies in which CXCR4 is a relevant homing marker.

关键词： nanoparticles protein materials recombinant proteins drug delivery self-assembling cancer cell targeting

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毫秒磁星历险记

中国国家天文 2024年第7期18卷 52-59页

作者：扎克·卡诺张晓佳(译) 不详

如果你愿意的话,想象一个由核球、盘面和旋臂组成的旋涡星系——类似银河系那种。从几十万光年之外面对面地看着它,你会被它的美所折服:盘面上布满了蓝、红、黄、白的明亮色彩,其间点缀着深色尘埃斑点,数百个球状星团围绕着盘面组成一... 详细信息

如果你愿意的话,想象一个由核球、盘面和旋臂组成的旋涡星系——类似银河系那种。从几十万光年之外面对面地看着它,你会被它的美所折服:盘面上布满了蓝、红、黄、白的明亮色彩,其间点缀着深色尘埃斑点,数百个球状星团围绕着盘面组成一个发光的球面。这个星系并不孤单;一个较小的伴星系在150,000光年之外陪伴着它。两个星系内部明显的扭曲形态表明,这两位邻居曾在大约1000万年前相撞过。碰撞产生的冲击波以大约100千米/秒(200,000英里/小时)的速度穿过较大的星系。

关键词：旋涡星系球状星团核球磁星旋臂银河系伴星系历险记

Complementary analysis of microsatellite tumor profile and mismatch repair defects in colorectal carcinomas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第37期12卷 5932-5940页

作者： Alfredo Blanes Salvador J Diaz-cano Department of Pathology University of Malaga School of Medicine Malaga 29010 Spain Department of Histopathology King’s College Hospital and King’s College London School of Medicine London SE5 9RS United Kingdom

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a prognostic factor and a marker of defi cient mismatch repair (MMR) in colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRC). However, a proper application of this marker requires understanding the following: (1) The MSI concept: The PCR approach must amplify the correct locus and accurately identify the microsatellite pattern in the patient’s normal tissue. MSI is demonstrat- ed when the length of DNA sequences in a tumor differs from that of nontumor tissue. Any anomalous expansion or reduction of tandem repeats results in extra-bands normally located in the expected size range (100 bp, above or below the expected product), differ from the germline pattern by some multiple of the repeating unit, and must show appropriate stutter. (2) MSI mechanisms: MMR gene inactivation (by either mutation or protein down-regulation as frequently present in deep CRC com- partments) leads to mutation accumulation in a cell with every cellular division, resulting in malignant transforma- tion. These mechanisms can express tumor progression and result in a decreased prevalence of aneuploid cells and loss of the physiologic cell kinetic correlations in the deep CRC compartments. MSI molecular mechanisms are not necessarily independent from chromosomal in- stability and may coexist in a given CRC. (3) Because of intratumoural heterogeneity, at least two samples from each CRC should be screened, preferably from the su- perfi cial (tumor cells above the muscularis propria) and deep (tumor cells infi ltrating the muscularis propria) CRC compartments to cover the topographic tumor hetero- geneity. (4) Pathologists play a critical role in identify- ing microsatellite-unstable CRC, such as occur in young patients with synchronous or metachronous tumors or with tumors showing classic histologic features. In these cases, MSI testing and/or MMR immunohistochemistry are advisable, along with gene sequencing and genetic counseling if appropriate. MSI is an excellent functional an

关键词： Colon carcinoma Microsatellites Mismatch Repair Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer

Engineering a recombinant chlorotoxin as celltargeted cytotoxic nanoparticles

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Science China Materials 2019年第6期62卷 892-898页

作者： Raquel Díaz Laura Sánchez-García Naroa Serna alejandro Sánchez-Chardi Olivia cano-Garrido Julieta M.Sánchez Ugutz Unzueta Esther Vazquez Antonio Villaverde Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina(CIBER-BBN) Servei de Microscòpia Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau(IIB-Sant Pau)and Josep Carreras Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias ExactasFísicas y Naturales.ICTA and Departamento de QuímicaCátedra de Química Biológica.Córdoba.Argentina.CONICETInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas(IIBYT)

Cytotoxic proteins have a wide applicability in human therapies, especially in those conditions that require efficient and selective cell killing, such as cancer. Chlorotoxin (CTX) is a small (4 kDa) basic peptide from the venom of the yellow scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus , which blocks small-conductance chloride channels thus paralyzing the scorpion prey. Being not extremely potent as a cytotoxin (for instance when compared with ribosome-inactivating proteins), it has gained interest as a targeting agent.

关键词：重组DNA技术细胞毒活性纳米颗粒蝎毒素癌细胞可生物降解氯药物载体

STABILITY AND RESONANCES OF MULTISTEP COSINE METHODS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2012年第5期30卷 517-532页

作者： B. cano M.J. Moreta Departamento de Matemdtica Aplicada IMUVA. Facultad de Ciencias. Paseo Belen 7 CP 47011 Valladolid Spain Departamento de Fundamentos del Andlisis Econdmico I. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Campus de Somosaguas Pozuelo de Alarcdn 28223 Madrid Spain

In a previous paper, some particular multistep cosine methods were constructed which proved to be very efficient because of being able to integrate in a stable and explicit way linearly stiff problems of second-order in time. In the present paper, the conditions which guarantee stability for general methods of this type are given, as well as a thorough study of resonances and filtering for symmetric ones （which, in another paper, have been proved to behave very advantageously with respect to conservation of invariants in Hamiltonian wave equations）. What is given here is a systematic way to analyse and treat any of the methods of this type in the mentioned aspects.

关键词： Exponential integrators Multistep cosine methods Second-order partial dif-ferential equations Stability Resonances

Cooperative Layer-2 Based Routing Approach for Hybrid Wireless Mesh Networks

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China Communications 2013年第8期10卷 88-99页

作者： Alicia Trivino Alfonso Ariza Eduardo Casilari Juan C.cano Department of Electrical Engineering High Technical School of Industrial EngineeringCampus de TeatinosUniversity of Malaga Department of Electronics Technology High Technical School of Telecommunication EngineeringCampus de TeatinosUniversity of Malaga Department of Computer Engineering High Technical School of Computer EngineeringCamino de Vera s/nUniversity of Valencia

In a Wireless Mesh Network(WMN),the convenience of a routing strategy strongly depends on the mobility of the intermediate nodes that compose the *** this behaviour into account,this paper presents a routing scheme that works differently accordingly to the node *** this sense,a proactive routing scheme is restricted to the backbone to promote the use of stable ***,the reactive protocol is used for searching routes to or from a mobile *** approaches are simultaneously implemented in the mesh nodes so that the routing protocols share routing information that optimises the network *** at guaranteeing the IP compatibility,the combination of the two protocols in the core routers is carried out in the Medium Access Control(MAC)*** contrast to the operation in the IP layer where two routing protocols cannot work concurrently,the transfer of the routing tasks to the MAC layer enables the use of multiple independent forwarding *** results show the advantage of the proposal in terms of packet losses and data delay.

关键词： hybrid mesh networks mobile ad hoc network hybrid routing protocols Layer-2 routing Layer-2 forwarding

Water-soluble hollow nanocrystals from self-assembly of AIEEactive Pt(II)metallomesogens

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Nano Research 2021年第1期14卷 245-254页

作者： Cristian Cuerva Javier Fernandez-Lodeiro Mercedes cano Jose Luis Capelo-Martinez Carlos Lodeiro BIOSCOPE Research Group LAQV@REQUIMTE Chemistry DepartmentNOVA School of Science and TechnologyNOVA University Lisbon2829-516 CaparicaPortugal PROTEOMASS Scientific Society Rua dos InventoresMadam ParqueCaparica Campus2829-516 CaparicaPortugal Department of Inorganic Chemistry Complutense University of MadridCiudad Universitaria28040 MadridSpain

Luminescent hollow micro-and nanocrystals have been successfully obtained taking advantage of the self-assembly behavior and the aggregation-induced emission enhancement properties of several bispyrazolate Pt(II)metallomesogens decorated with four terminal alkyl ***-in-water droplets have been used to confine the Pt(II)compounds and drive them to be self-assembled via intermolecular Pt…Pt interactions into spherical aggregates of about 200 or 50 *** of the oil phase generates highly-stable aqueous dispersions of nanocrystals that emit a bright orange light as a result of the existence of^(3)MMLCT excited *** methods and conditions have been tested for studying the effect of several parameters such as the temperature and the stirring speed in the final particle size and in the polydispersity ***,the micro-and nanocrystals are able to entrap hydrophobic drugs between the alkyl chains of the compounds,forming stable dispersions of drug-loaded capsules in *** droplet method is applied in the area of metallomesogens for the first time to synthesize self-assembled Pt(II)nanocapsules,which opens a new field of study that could allow the use of these liquid crystal materials in biomedical applications.

关键词： R(II)metallomesogens self-assembly luminescent nanomaterials droplets nanocapsules

Evaluating physical changes of iron oxide nanoparticles due to surface modification with oleic acid

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第10期29卷 186-194页

作者： S Rosales N Casillas A Topete O Cervantes G González J A Paz M E cano Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenienas Universidad de GuadalajaraBlvd.Marcelino Garcia Burragan 1421C.P.44430GuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Centro Universitario de la Cienegu Universidad de GuadalajaraAv.Universidad 1115C.P.47820OcotlanJaliscoMexico Centro Universitario de Ciencias de In Salud Universidad de Guadalajara.Sierra Mojada 950C.P.44340GuadalajaraJaliscoMexico

The physical characterization of a colloidal system of superficially modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is presented. The system consists of oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (OAMNP) suspended in water. A structural analysis is carried out by using standard physical techniques to determine the diameter and shape of the MNPs and also the width of the coating shell. The colloidal stability and the polydispersity index of this ferrofluid are determined by using Zeta potential measurements. Additionally, the magnetic characterization is conducted by obtaining the DC magnetization loops, and the blocking temperatures are determined according to the ZFC–FC protocol. Finally, the values of power absorption density P of the ferrofluid are estimated by using a magneto-calorimetric procedure in a wide range of magnetic field amplitude H and frequency f. The experimental results exhibit spherical-like shape of OAMNP with (20 ± 4) nm in diameter. Due to the use of coating process, the parameters of the magnetization loops and the blocking temperatures are significantly modified. Hence, while the uncoated MNPs show a blocking state of the magnetization, the OAMNP are superparamagnetic above room temperature (300 K). Furthermore, the reached dependence P versus f and P versus H of the ferrofluid with coated MNPs are clearly fitted to linear and quadratic correlations, respectively, showing their accordance with the linear response theory.

关键词： nanoparticles ferrofluid magnetic hyperthermia functionalization