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Astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, and glial scar formation in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： María Belén Cieri alberto Javier Ramos Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Traumatic brain injury is a global health crisis,causing significant death and disability *** that follows traumatic brain injury has serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive impairments,with astrocytes involved in this *** traumatic brain injury,astrocytes rapidly become reactive,and astrogliosis propagates from the injury core to distant brain *** astroglial proteins are downregulated near the traumatic brain injury core,while pro-inflammatory astroglial genes are *** altered gene expression is considered a pathological remodeling of astrocytes that produces serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive *** addition,glial scar formed by reactive astrocytes is initially necessary to limit immune cell infiltration,but in the long term impedes axonal reconnection and functional *** therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury are focused on preventing acute ***,cannabinoids,progesterone,beta-blockers,and cerebrolysin demonstrate neuroprotective benefits but most of them have not been studied in the context of *** this review,we discuss the cell signaling pathways activated in reactive astrocytes following traumatic brain injury and we discuss some of the potential new strategies aimed to modulate astroglial responses in traumatic brain injury,especially using cell-targeted strategies with miRNAs or lncRNA,viral vectors,and repurposed drugs.

关键词： astrocyte glial scar innate immunity neuroinflammation stab injury Toll-like receptors

Nano-drug delivery systems integrated with low radiation doses for enhanced therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第10期13卷 14-27页

作者： Antonio Pontoriero Paola Critelli Marco Zeppieri alberto Bosurgi Stefania Guercio Maria Caffo Filippo Flavio Angileri Silvana Parisi Salvatore Lavalle Stefano Pergolizzi Radiation Oncology Unit Department of BiomedicalDental Science and Morphological and Functional ImagesUniversity of MessinaMessina 98125Italy Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Neurosurgery Unit Department of BiomedicalDental Science and Morphological and Functional ImagesMessinaItalyMessina 98125Italy Lavalle Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Enna"Kore"Enna 94100Italy

BACKGROUND Precision medicine is an emerging field that includes tumor-targeted delivery and tumor *** review explores the synergistic potential of combining nano-drug delivery systems with low radiation doses to achieve optimized therapeutic outcomes,particularly in the context of cancer ***-based drug carriers offer precise and targeted delivery,enhancing the therapeutic index of anticancer *** use of lower radiation doses has become a focus in radiation oncology to minimize off-target effects on healthy tissues in palliation treatment with high-target volume *** To conduct a bibliometric review of nanomedicine and glioblastoma(GBM),all relevant studies from the last two decades were *** The search strategy comprised the keywords“nanomedicine”and“glioblastoma”in the title and/or *** English-language documents from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2023 were considered for the analysis.R code(version 4.2.0)with R Studio(version 2022.12.0-353)and the Bibliometrix package(version 4.0.1)were used for the analysis.A total of 680 documents were *** We analyzed the bibliometric features of nanomedicine in *** the limitations of the research,our analysis aims to highlight the increasing interest of researchers in the precision medicine field in GBM treatment and lead us to suggest further studies focusing on the association between nanomedicine and *** Due to the poor prognosis associated with GBM,new therapeutic approaches are *** is an increasing interest in precision medicine,which includes nanomedicine and radiotherapy,for GBM *** integration enhances the efficacy of targeted treatments and provides a promising avenue for reducing adverse effects,signifying a notable advancement in precision oncology.

关键词： Nanomedicine Nanoparticles Drug-delivery Radiotherapy Combination therapy

The Rocky Planets’ Magnetic Field: A New Parameter for the Drake’s Formula

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第1期12卷 53-67页

作者： Osvaldo faggioni Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Roma Italy

The Drake formula is a statistical method of forecasting the possible number N of technically evolved extraterrestrial and galactic civilizations able to communicate with the human species. It is based on seven different factors that can be grouped into factors of type A, fA (“Astrophysicist”) and type B, fB (“Astrobiological”). The quantitative analysis of these factors at the time of the presentation of the formula was subjective and highly variable for both factors fA and fB. Current scientifical and technological development has made it possible to refine the quantitative estimates of the fA group whose definition is now less uncertain. In group fA the parameter ne is understood as the number of planets capable of sustaining life. By means of ne Drake defines this possibility exclusively from the geometric point of view. In particular, the planet’s orbit must be included in the circumstellar space in which the planetary temperature allows the presence of liquid water. This is not enough because, for liquid (and gaseous) water to be present on the planet’s surface, it is also essential that the planet has a magnetic field of adequate intensity to shield the flow of charged particles coming from its star (solar wind). The solar wind is able to break up and disperse the liquid and gaseous water molecules and any organic molecules in times much shorter than theoretically necessary for the formation of life and above all, except for singularities, than necessary for evolution to arrive at intelligent life. Here the planetary magnetic field parameter nm is introduced into the Drake formula and its statistical probability of existence is discussed.

关键词： Drake’s Formula Magnetosphere Solar Wind Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life

PLANNING OF DYNAMICALLY FEASIBLE TRAJECTORIES FOR TRANSLATIONAL,PLANAR,AND UNDERCONSTRAINED CABLE-DRIVEN ROBOTS

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2013年第5期26卷 695-717页

作者： TREVISANI alberto Department of Management and Engineering(DTG) Universita degli Studi di PadovaStradella S.Nicola 336100 VicenzaItaly

Extensively studied since the early nineties,cable-driven robots have attracted the growing interest of the industrial and scientific community due to their desirable and peculiar *** particular,underconstrained and planar cable robots can find application in several fields,and specifically,in the packaging *** planning of dynamically feasible trajectories(i.e.,trajectories along which cable slackness and excessive tensions are avoided) is particularly challenging when dealing with such a topology of cable robots,which rely on gravity to maintain their cables in *** paper,after stressing the current relevance of cable robots,presents an extension and a generalization of a model-based method developed to translate typical cable tension bilateral bounds into intuitive limits on the velocity and acceleration of the robot end effector along a prescribed *** a new formulation of the method is based on a parametric expression of cable *** computed kinematic limits can then be incorporated into any trajectory planning *** method is developed with reference to a hybrid multi-body cable robot topology which can be functionally advantageous but worsen the problem of keeping feasible tensions in the cables both in static and dynamic *** definition of statically feasible workspace is also introduced to identify the positions where static equilibrium can be maintained with feasible ***,some aspects related to the practical implementation of the method are discussed.

关键词： Cable robot dynamically feasible trajectories statically feasible workspace trajectoryplanning.

The Information Protection in Automatic Reconstruction of Not Continuous Geophysical Data Series

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2019年第4期7卷 208-227页

作者： Osvaldo faggioni Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Roma Italy DITEN SEA Lab Università di Genova Genova Italy

We show a quantitative technique characterized by low numerical mediation for the reconstruction of temporal sequences of geophysical data of length L interrupted for a time ΔT where . The aim is to protect the information acquired before and after the interruption by means of a numerical protocol with the lowest possible calculation weight. The signal reconstruction process is based on the synthesis of the low frequency signal extracted for subsampling (subsampling ∇Dirac = ΔT in phase with ΔT) with the high frequency signal recorded before the crash. The SYRec (SYnthetic REConstruction) method for simplicity and speed of calculation and for spectral response stability is particularly effective in the studies of high speed transient phenomena that develop in very perturbed fields. This operative condition is found a mental when almost immediate informational responses are required to the observation system. In this example we are dealing with geomagnetic data coming from an uw counter intrusion magnetic system. The system produces (on time) information about the transit of local magnetic singularities (magnetic perturbations with low spatial extension), originated by quasi-point form and kinematic sources (divers), in harbors magnetic underwater fields. The performances of stability of the SYRec system make it usable also in long and medium period of observation (activity of geomagnetic observatories).

关键词： Geomatic Geomagnetism Not Continuous Data Series Synthetic Reconstruction Protection of the Physic Informations Data Manipulation

Three-dimensional single particle tracking using 4π self-interference of temporally phase-shifted fluorescence

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第3期12卷 415-424页

作者： Leanne Maurice alberto Bilenca Biomedical Engineering Department Ben-Gurion University of the Negev1 Ben Gurion BlvdBe’er-Sheva84105Israel Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the Negev1 Ben Gurion BlvdBe’er-Sheva84105Israel

Single particle tracking in three dimensions is an indispensable tool for studying dynamic processes in various disciplines,including material sciences,physics,and biology,but often shows anisotropic three-dimensional spatial localization precision,which restricts the tracking precision,and/or a limited number of particles that can be tracked simultaneously over extended *** we developed an interferometric,three-dimensional fluorescence single particle tracking method based on conventional widefield excitation and temporal phase-shift interference of the emitted,high-aperture-angle,fluorescence wavefronts in a greatly simplified,free-running,triangle interferometer that enables tracking of multiple particles at the same time with<10-nm spatial localization precision in all three dimensions over extended volumes(~35×35×2μm^(3))at video rate(25 Hz).We applied our method to characterize the microenvironment of living cells and up to~40μm deep in soft materials.

关键词： materials particle dimensions

Robotically assisted removal of pelvic splenosis fifty-six years after splenectomy: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第12期9卷 2868-2873页

作者： Alessio Tognarelli Lorenzo faggioni Anna Paola Erba Pinuccia Faviana Jacopo Durante Francesca Manassero Cesare Selli Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery Section of UrologyUniversity of PisaPisa 56126Italy Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery Section of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity of PisaPisa 56126Italy Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery Section of Nuclear MedicineUniversity of PisaPisa 56126ItalyPisa 56126Italy Department of Surgical Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical AreaSection of PathologyUniversity of PisaPisa 56126Italy

BACKGROUND‘Splenosis’is defined as the autotransplantation of splenic tissue following trauma or surgery,usually in the form of intraperitoneal *** proliferation of imaging techniques has resulted in increased unexpected discoveries of splenosis nodules,and achieving a differential diagnosis can be *** medicine studies have been playing an increasingly important role in this process,but the clinical significance of asymptomatic nodules remains *** SUMMARY We present a case of pelvic splenosis in a 73-year-old man diagnosed 56 years after a splenectomy during a computed tomography(CT)follow-up for B-cell lymphoma,presenting intense contrast enhancement of an 18 mm nodule in the right recto-vesical space.18F-fluorodeoxyglucose demonstrated weak metabolic *** histological diagnosis was deemed necessary,the nodule was easily removed with robotically assisted laparoscopy,together with another 6 mm left a paracolic *** latter was previously undiagnosed but retrospectively visible on the CT *** In a patient requiring differential diagnosis of splenosis nodules from lymphomarecurrence, the robotic approach provided a safe en bloc removal with shorthospitalization. The Da Vinci Xi robot was particularly helpful because its opticscan be introduced from all ports, facilitating visualization and lysis of multipleintra-abdominal adhesions.

关键词： Pelvic splenosis Computed tomography Nuclear medicine Robotically assisted laparoscopy Da Vinci Xi Case report

=actors influencing wild boar damage to agricultural crops in Sardinia （Italy）

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 507-514页

作者： Marco LOMBARDINI alberto MERIGGI alberto FOZZL Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Pavia Via Ferrata 1 27100 Pavia Italy Province of Olbia-Tempio Via A. Nanni 17/19 07026 01bia Italy

Crop damage by wildlife is a frequent source of human-wildlife conflict. Understanding which fac-tors increase the risk of damage is crucial to the development of effective management *** aims of this study were to provide a general description of agricultural damage caused by wildboar Sus scrofa meridionalis over a 7-year period in North-eastern Sardinia （Mediterranean Italy）,and to formulate a predictive model of damage risk. We recorded a total of 221 cases of wild boardamage, with economic losses amounting to 483,982 Euros. Damage events mostly involved vine-yards, meadows and oat fields, and were characterized by a peak incidence in summer and earlyautumn, and a minimum in spring. Damaged fields were characterized by an increasing presenceof permanent crops, a decreasing presence of woodlands, maquis and urban areas, and a reduceddistance from shelter areas （forests and shrublands）. The analysis of spatiotemporal variation ofboar-induced damage and the identification of factors that augment the risk of damage providesessential information for contributing to the development of a more effective plan for managingwild boar populations.

关键词： Human-wildlife conflict, Sus scrofa meridionalis, risk modelling, landscape structure, wild boar management.

The Fourier Notation of the Geomagnetic Signals Informative Parameters

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Journal of Signal and Information Processing 2018年第3期9卷 153-166页

作者： Osvaldo faggioni DITEN-SEALab-ACM Laboratory Department of Electric Electronic Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture University of Genova Genova Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Rome Italy

The paper discusses the quantitative definition of the s/n (signal to noise ratio) by means of new computational parameters derived (and computed) by the Fourier analysis. The theme is of great relevance when the geomagnetic observed field has high transient noise and high energy content (*** signal interfered by human activity magnetic band) and when the signal analysis action is oriented to the detection of magnetic sources characterized by quasi-punctiform size, low energy level and kinetic mechanical status (*** armed terrorist). The paper shows the results obtained introducing two new informative spectral parameters: the informative capability “C” and the enhanced informative capability “eC”. These parameters are depending on the comparison of the energy of the target signal with total field energy and they are characteristics of each elementary signal. C classifies the energy of the spectrum in two metrological bands: elementary signal informative energy EI (band or single signal) and passive energy EP. This metrological classification of the energy overtakes the concept of noise: each signal is part of the noise band when it is not under observation and becomes out of the band when it is under observation (numerical observation→computation). C (and eC) allows to compute the value of the “visibility” of the informative signals in a high energy geomagnetic field (or spectrum). C is a fundamental parameter for the evaluation of the effectiveness of singularity magnetic metrology in the passive detection of small magnetic sources in high noised magnetic field.

关键词： Geomatic Informative Signal Analysis Fourier Analysis Geomagnetism Metrology of Singularity Frequency Domain Observations S/N Manipulation