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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2023年第2期3卷 89-103页

作者： Stavros Eftychiou Antonis Kalakoutas alastair Proudfoot Barts Health NHS Trust London E11FRUK Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS TrustRomford RM70AGUK Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London E12ADUK Department of Perioperative Medicine Barts Heart CentreSt Bartholomew’s HospitalLondon EC1A 7BEUK Queen Mary University of London London EC1M 6BQUK Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care German Heart Centre BerlinBerlin 13353Germany

Cardiogenic shock(CS)is a complex clinical syndrome with a high mortality *** can occur to due to multiple etiologies of cardiovascular disease and is phenotypically *** myocardial infarction-related CS(AMI-CS)has historically been the most prevalent cause,and thus,research and guidance have focused primarily on *** data suggest that the burden of non-ischemic CS is increasing in the population of patents requiring intensive care *** is,however,a paucity of data and guidelines to inform the management of these patients who fall into two broad groups:those with existing heart failure and CS and those with no known history of heart failure who present with"de novo"*** use of temporary mechanical circulatory support(MCS)has expanded across all etiologies,despite its high cost,resource intensity,complication rates,and lack of high-quality outcome ***,we discuss the currently available evidence on the role of MCS in the management of patients with de novo CS to include fulminant myocarditis,right ventricular(RV)failure,Takotsubo syndrome,post-partum cardiomyopathy,and CS due to valve lesions and other cardiomyopathies.

关键词： Cardiogenic shock Heart failure Critical care Mechanical circulatory support Takotsubo cardiomyopathy Peripartum cardiomyopathy

Acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome: A blinded placebo-controlled trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第26期11卷 4040-4044页

作者： alastair Forbes Sue Jackson Clare Walter Shafi Quraishi Meron Jacyna Max Pitcher St Mark's Hospital Watford Road Harrow HA1 3UJ United Kingdom

AIM:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder and many patients fail to find adequate relief from conventional therapies for their symptoms. This study tests the claim that acupuncture is effective for a majority of these patients. METHODS: A prospective, blinded, sham acupuncture-controlled trial of traditional Chinese acupuncture was performed at a single postgraduate teaching hospital in Europe. Sixty patients with well-established IBS were recruited. The blinded comparator was sham acupuncture administered by the second of two acupuncturists who alone was aware of the randomization, and who otherwise followed the prescription of the first. The primary end-point was a defined fall in the symptom score at 13 wk (by intention to treat). The prior expectation was a 30% placebo response, and a response rate of 70% from acupuncture, for which the study was adequately powered. RESULTS: Patients in treated and sham groups improved significantly during the study-mean improvement in scores being equal (minus 1.9) and significant for both (P<0.05; one-tailed t test). There was a small numeric but nonsignificant difference between the response rate in patients receiving acupuncture (40.7%) and sham treatment (31.2%). Several secondary end-points marginally favored active treatment, but an improved symptom score of any degree of magnitude occurred more often with sham therapy (65.6% vs 59.2%). For no criterion was statistical significance approached. CONCLUSION: Traditional Chinese acupuncture is relatively ineffective in IBS in the European hospital setting, and the magnitude of any effect appears insufficient to warrant investment in acupuncture services.

关键词： Acupuncture Complementary therapy Irritable bowel syndrome Traditional medicine

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太空险境

环球科学 2024年第14期 44-47页

作者：阿拉斯泰尔·冈恩本·比格斯庞玮(译) 不详

人体无法适应真空环境,因此即便穿着宇航服,太空中的宇航员也必须时刻警惕各种风险。轨道碎片的杀伤力如今我们的星球已经被太空垃圾包围,它们直接威胁到了宇航员和航天器的安全。太空碎片困扰人类已久。据美国航空航天局(NASA)估计,目... 详细信息

人体无法适应真空环境,因此即便穿着宇航服,太空中的宇航员也必须时刻警惕各种风险。轨道碎片的杀伤力如今我们的星球已经被太空垃圾包围,它们直接威胁到了宇航员和航天器的安全。太空碎片困扰人类已久。据美国航空航天局(NASA)估计,目前在近地轨道上漂浮着大约13000块直径大于10厘米的碎片。这些太空垃圾的危害不言而喻。1983年,一块在太空中高速飞行的油漆碎片击中了挑战者号航天飞机的窗,它的破坏力十分惊人,最终维修人员不得不换掉整扇窗。国际空间站也经常变轨,以躲避轨道上迎面袭来的碎片。

关键词：国际空间站轨道碎片太空碎片近地轨道太空垃圾宇航服变轨真空环境

A Rare Case of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Squamous Phenotype with Epstein-Barr Virus Positivity with Prolonged Response to both Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

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中国肺癌杂志 2021年第7期24卷 526-528页

作者： Carolina Navarro RODRIGUEZ Muhammad Shahid IQBAL Max ROBINSON Graham BURNS alastair GREYSTOKE Department of Clinical Oncology Freeman Hospital Department of Pathology Freeman Hospital Department of Respiratory Medicine Royal Victoria Infirmary Department of Medical Oncology Northern Centre for Cancer CareThe Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle-upon-TyneUK

We present a rare challenging case of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with Epstein-Barr virus positivity that was also diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis at the same time. Palliative chemotherapy gemcitabine and carboplatin was started after two weeks of anti-tuberculosis treatment with the hopes that this period would be sufficient to keep acid fast bacilli non-viable to minimise risk of tuberculosis re-activation due to chemotherapy induced immunosuppression. She completed four cycles of chemotherapy and six months of anti-tuberculosis treatment with good results and minimal side effects. Two years later, there was disease recurrence in cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes which was treated with local treatment i.e. surgery and palliative radiotherapy. It has been two years since last radiotherapy and overall more than five years since diagnosis with no active disease at present. Given the complexity and rarity of this case, significant multidisciplinary team involvement, including oncologists and radiation oncologists, pulmonologists with special interest in tuberculosis and pathologists was necessary throughout.

关键词： Lung neoplasms Epstein-Barr Virus Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Radiotherapy

Osteopontin is an important mediator of alcoholic liver disease via hepatic stellate cell activation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 13088-13104页

作者： Devanshi Seth alastair Duly Paul C Kuo Geoffrey W McCaughan Paul S Haber Drug Health Services Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia Garvan Institute Darlinghurst NSW 2010 Australia Central Clinical School of Medicine the University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2050 Australia Department of Surgery Loyola University Medica Centre Maywood IL 60153 United States AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre RPAH Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia

AIM: To investigate over-expression of Osteopontin (OPN) pathway expression and mechanisms of action in human alcoholic liver disease (ALD), in vivo and in vitro acute alcohol models.

关键词： Hepatic stellate cells Liver cirrhosis Plasmin Steatosis Fibrogenesis Transforming growth factor β Osteopontin isoform

Soft tissue augmentation

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Methane Emissions from Grazing Holstein-Friesian Heifers at Different Ages Estimated Using the Sulfur Hexafluoride Tracer Technique

2005年

作者： Edited by Jean Carruthers and alastair Carruthers

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Engineering 2017年第5期3卷 753-759页

作者： Steven J. Morrisonn Judith McBride Alan W. Gordon alastair R. G. Wylie Tianhai Yan Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Hillsborough County Down BT26 6DR UK Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Belfast BT9 5PX UK

Although the effect of animal and diet factors on enteric methane （CH4） emissions from confined cattle has been extensively examined, less data is available regarding CH4 emissions from grazing young cattle. A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of the physiological state of Holstein-Friesian heifers on their enteric CH4 emissions while grazing a perennial ryegrass sward. Two experiments were conducted： Experiment 1 ran from May 2011 for 11 weeks and Experiment 2 ran from August 2011 for 10 weeks. In each experiment, Holstein-Friesian heifers were divided into three treatment groups （12 animals/group） consisting of calves, yearling heifers, and in-calf heifers （average ages： 8.5, 14.5, and 20.5 months, respectively）. Methane emissions were estimated for each animal in the final week of each experiment using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique. Dry matter （DM） intake was estimated using the calculated metabolizable energy （ME） requirement divided by the ME concentration in the grazed grass. As expected, live weight increased with increasing animal age （P 〈 0.001）; however, there was no difference in live weight gain among the three groups in Experiment 1, although in Experiment 2, this variable decreased with increasing animal age （P 〈 0.001 ）. In Experiment 1, yearling heifers had the highest CH4 emissions （g·d^-1） and in-calf heifers produced more than calves （P 〈 0.001 ）. When expressed as CH4 emissions per unit of live weight, DM intake, and gross energy （GE） intake, yearling heifers had higher emission rates than calves and in-calf heifers （P 〈 0.001）. However, the effects on CH4 emissions were different in Experiment 2, in which CH, emissions （g·d^-1） increased linearly with increasing animal age （P 〈 0.001）, although the difference between yearling and in-calf heifers was not significant. The CH4/live weight ratio was lower in in-calf heifers than in the other two groups （P 〈 0.001 ）, while CH4 energy output as a proportion of GE intake was lower

关键词： Methane emission Grazing dairy heifer Prediction Sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique

The overview of antimicrobial peptide-coated implants against oral bacterial infections

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聚集体(英文)

聚集体(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 3-18页

作者： Zhe Sun Li Ma Xiaodong Sun alastair J.Sloan Neil M.O’Brien-Simpson Wenyi Li Department of Stomatology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina Department of Endodontics Gaoxin branch of Jinan Stomatological HospitalJinanShandongChina Melbourne Dental School Division of Basic and Clinical Oral SciencesThe University of MelbourneCarltonVictoriaAustralia ACTV Research Group Melbourne Dental SchoolDivision of Basic and Clinical Oral SciencesThe Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and BiotechnologyThe University of MelbourneCarltonVictoriaAustralia

Dental implants are the most common therapeutic approach for resolving tooth loss and *** technical advances in treatment,implant failure rates can be as high as 23%with the major cause of peri-implantitis:a multi-species bacterial *** an annual growth rate in implant placements of 8.78%per annum,implant failure caused by bacterial infection is a significant oral and general health *** rise in antibiotic resistance in oral bacteria further adds pressure to implant failure;thus,there is a need for adjunctive therapy to improve implant *** to the broad spectrum of activity and a low risk of inducing bacterial resistance,peptide antibiotics are emerging as a promising implant coating material to reduce/prevent peri-implantitis and improve dental implant success *** this review,we summarised the current strategies of coating antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)onto dental implant material surfaces with multi-functional properties to enhance osteoblast growth and prevent bacterial *** review compared the recent reported literature on dental implant coating with AMPs,which will provide an overview of the current dental implant coating strategies using AMPs and insights for future clinical applications.

关键词： antimicrobial coating antimicrobial peptides dental implants implant-associated infection peptide release peri-implant disease

Sengstaken-Blakemore tube for non-variceal distal esophageal bleeding refractory to endoscopic treatment:a case report&review of the literature

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Gastroenterology Report 2014年第4期2卷 313-315页

作者： Yen-I Chen alastair P.Dorreen Paul J.Warshawsky Jonathan M.Wyse Division of Gastroenterology McGill UniversityJewish General HospitalMontrealCanada Internal Medicine McGill UniversityJewish General HospitalMontrealCanada Critical Care Medicine McGill UniversityJewish General HospitalMontrealCanada

Non-variceal upper-gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB)refractory to therapeutic endoscopy is a challenging *** following details a novel use for the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in a case of severe ulcerative esophagitis after failure of conventional medical and endoscopic treatment.A 77-year-old man with a history of peptic ulcer disease developed massive hematemesis during a hospital *** gastroscopy revealed an adherent blood clot occupying the distal esophagus,extending to the gastric cardia and proximal *** was injected into and surrounding the clot;however,following the endoscopy the patient was hemodynamically unstable,requiring aggressive *** gastroscopy,following saline lavage,revealed active bleeding within severely ulcerated esophageal mucosa,immediately proximal to the gastro-esophageal(GE)*** apparent hemostasis following injection of epinephrine and electrocautery,the patient displayed clinical signs of continued ***,surgical and radiological interventions were precluded by the patient’s hemodynamic *** an attempt to tamponade blood supply to the GE junction,a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was inserted and placed under *** hemostasis was subsequently achieved and the patient remained *** is the first case to describe use of a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in severe ulcerative esophagitis refractory to standard endoscopic management.

关键词： Esophagus therapeutics endoscopy gastrointestinal hemorrhage

A Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Lifestyle Factors Affecting Laypeople’s Allocation of a Scarce Medical Resource

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Health 2020年第2期12卷 141-157页

作者： Agathe Nguyen Huynh Adrian Furnham alastair McClelland Department of Experimental Psychology University College London London UK Norwegian Business School (BI) Olso Norway

This study investigates how lifestyle factors affect laypeople’s allocation of a scarce medical resource and explores cross-cultural differences in ethical decision-making between the UK, France and Switzerland. A total of 193 participants completed an online questionnaire in which they had to rate the profiles of 16 hypothetical patients in terms of priority for access to kidney dialysis. Each profile was a unique combination of the following lifestyle factors: smoking behaviour, alcohol consumption, weight and amount of physical activity. As predicted, it was found that non-smokers were favoured over smokers, moderate drinkers over heavy drinkers, normal weight patients over obese patients and frequent exercisers over infrequent exercisers. However, contrary to our predictions, no cross-cultural differences were evident. The potential impact of these findings with respect to the formulation of guidelines for allocating scarce medical resources is discussed.

关键词： Allocation Kidney Dialysis Smoking Alcohol Weight Addiction