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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第2期35卷 295-300页

作者： Daniel Erskine John-Paul Taylor alan thomas Daniel Collerton Ian McKeith Ahmad Khundakar Johannes Attems Christopher Morris Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Trust School of Science Engineering and Design Teesside University

Introduction Recurrent complex visual hallucinations are a core clinical feature of dementia with Lewy bodies(DLB)and are typically well-formed,often consisting of figures,such as people or animals(1)Despite the profound impact upon patients and caregivers in DLB,the aetiopathology of visual hallucinations remains largely *** this article we discuss the anatomy of the human visual system,hypotheses of the genesis of visual hallucinations in DLB,and imaging and neuropathological studies that have attempted to understand visual hallucinations on a functional and anatomical basis.

关键词： Pathological Visual System Lewy Bodies

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World Journal of AIDS 2022年第2期12卷 97-110页

作者： Glory Alexander Remya alan thomas HIV Medicine ASHA Foundation Bangalore India

Introduction: Lifelong Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) promotes good quality of life and health among HIV-positive men and women. However, simplified newer and effective ART has not increased retention in care, or long-term ART adherence, especially among women. There are many factors that impede long-term adherence in women. This includes among other things female gender, depression, greater than once-daily dosing, longer time since HIV diagnosis, and patient beliefs. This study measures the quality of life in women whose ART durations range from one to fifteen years, using the standardized WHO Quality of Life questionnaire. Material and Methods: One hundred and fourteen women were divided into three groups based on ART duration. Group 1 had 37 women on ART for less than five years, Group 2 had 48 women on ART from 5 to 10 years and Group 3 had 29 women on ART for more than ten years. They were administered the WHO Quality of Life (QOL) questionnaire, which assesses QOL in six domains. QOL was considered poor in scores between 4 - 9.9, medium in scores of 10 - 14.9 and good in scores of 15 - 20. Results: Scores in all 3 groups were more than 85% in five domains and around 74.5% in the psychological domain. Domain mean scores were Physical 18 (CI 17.63 - 18.37), Psychological 14.9 (CI 14.55 - 15.25), Independence 18.6 (CI 18.33 - 18.87), Social relationships 17.5 (CI 17.07 - 17.93), Environmental 17.6 (CI 17.25 - 17.95), Spiritual, Religious, Personal beliefs, 17.4 (CI 16.93 - 17.87). Scores for women on long-term ART (Group 3) are not different from the other 2 groups and the p-values were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Women on long-term ART fare extremely well compared to other groups with more than 93% showing good QOL and none showing poor Quality of Health in spite of being on ART for a longer period of time than the other two groups. Despite a multitude of impeding factors, women who continue ART faithfully and consistently enjoy a good quality of h

关键词： Antiretroviral Treatment-ART Quality of Life-QOL Women Living with HIV Quality of Health Long-Term Adherence

Subwavelength thick ultrahigh-Q terahertz disc microresonators

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Photonics Research 2020年第7期8卷 1183-1188页

作者： Dominik Walter Vogt Angus Harvey Jones thomas alan Haase Rainer Leonhardt Department of Physics The University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies Dunedin 9016New Zealand

Artificial structures that exhibit narrow resonance features are key to a myriad of scientific advances and *** particular,exploration of the terahertz(THz)spectrum—the final frontier of the electromagnetic spectrum—would greatly benefit from high-quality resonant *** we present a new paradigm of terahertz silicon disc microresonators with subwavelength *** results utilizing continuouswave THz spectroscopy establish quality factors in excess of 120,000 at 0.6 *** of the disc thickness to a fraction of the wavelength reduces the losses from the silicon substrate and paves the way to unparalleled possibilities for light–matter interaction in the THz frequency range.

关键词： spectrum utilizing frontier

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前景广阔的超细晶粒材料

世界科学 1993年第6期 42-43页

作者： alan thomas John C.Parker 林荣

由毫微米大小晶粒固结成晶体的金属和陶瓷,比相应大晶粒材料具有更大的强度和韧性,而且密度大、工艺性能好.随着晶粒的变小,超细态金属很像普通陶瓷,强度大、硬度高.而超细态陶瓷又像普通金属,具有塑性.超细态金属抗拉强度和硬

关键词：晶体气态金属固结纳晶金属材料晶粒生长晶粒长大

Maintaining Resources for Traditional Medicine: A Global Overview and a Case Study from Buganda (Uganda)

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植物分类与资源学报 2013年第4期35卷 407-423页

作者： alan Hamilton Yildiz Aumeeruddy-thomas Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre d' Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive

Presentations at a session of the 13 th Congress of the International Society for Ethnobiology ( ISE,May 2012) provided a global overview of'maintaining resources for traditional medicine'. Two themes received special attention,transmission of traditional medical knowledge and conservation of medicinal plants. The consensus at the well-attended session was that traditional medicine can play a useful role in primary healthcare,including for chronic complaints and spiritual problems. However,the use of traditional medicine is declining in many places. Some practical efforts at maintaining resources for traditional medicine are described. A case study for Buganda ( Uganda) , given in greater detail,shows that progress in maintaining resources for traditional medicine can be impeded by forces not directly related to its intrinsic merits. The value of making efforts to maintain resources for traditional medicine is discussed in relation to its contribution to biocultural conservation,much needed today to counter-balance the homogenising and ecologically destabilising influences of globalisation.

关键词：植物学植物分类植物演化植物生理学生物因素

Magnesium research and applications: Past, present and future

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第11期11卷 3867-3895页

作者： Jianyue Zhang Jiashi Miao Nagasivamuni Balasubramani Dae Hyun Cho thomas Avey Chia-Yu Chang alan A.Luo Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Integrated Systems Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

As the lightest structural metal and one of the most abundant metallic elements on earth, magnesium(Mg) has been used as an "industrial metal" for lightweighting in the transportation and electronics industries, in addition to other traditional applications in aluminum alloying,steel desulfurization and protective anodes. In recent years, research has shown significant potential for Mg to become a "technology metal"in a variety of new applications from energy storage/battery to biomedical products. However, global Mg production has shown steady but moderate growth in the last three decades. Mg applications as an industry metal are still limited due to some sustainability concerns of primary Mg production, as well as a number of technical issues related to the structural and corrosion performance of commercial Mg *** Mg applications as an industrial or technology metal face tremendous technical challenges, which have been reflected in the intensified global research efforts in the last twenty years. This paper will review some past and present applications, and discuss future opportunities and challenges for Mg research and applications for the global Mg community.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Structural applications Lightweighting Biomedical applications Energy applications

Comparison of the use of wireless capsule endoscopy with magnetic resonance enterography in children with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第28期25卷 3808-3822页

作者： Nadia Mazen Hijaz thomas Mario Attard Jennifer Marie Colombo Neil Joseph Mardis Craig alan Friesen Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition University of Missouri Kansas City Children’s Mercy Hospital Kansas City

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) are equally accepted modalities for noninvasive screening of small bowel involvement (SBI) in children with Crohn’s disease (CD) and indeterminate colitis (IC) albeit there is a paucity of data comparing the two and thereby guiding the clinician in selecting the ideal diagnostic approach. Therefore, the goal of this study is to provide additional evidence for capsule endoscopy role in the evaluation of established Crohn’s disease exacerbation compared to MRE in relation to Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI), and histological indices. AIM To prospectively compare the findings of MRE and WCE and their agreement with PCDAI or histology in children with CD or IC. METHODS Consecutive patients diagnosed with CD and IC were screened for inclusion. After informed consent, patient’s demographic and clinical data was abstracted. The current pediatric disease activity index (PCDAI) and endoscopic findings were included. Patients underwent MRE and WCE including preprocedural patency capsule within a maximum of 7 d of each other. Pathological presence of active small bowel disease in ileal and duodenal biopsies were collected if the endoscopy was performed within 2 mo of the WCE study. Patients who failed to pass the PC were excluded from the study. WCE was read by two different experienced gastroenterologists (Attard TM and Colombo JM) blinded to each other's findings and to the findings on MRE (Mardis NJ). Agreement between WCE reviewers, WCE and MRE findings and concordance between positive PCDAI and SBI based on MRE compared with WCE was computed. RESULTS Forty-five patients were included in the study, 18 withdrew and 27 (20 males and 20 CD), mean age (standard deviation) 13.46 (2.4) years, completed the study protocol. There were no instances of capsule retention. Concordance between gastroenterologist reviewers was excellent for the diagnosis of small intestinal CD with good

关键词： Crohn’s disease Wireless capsule endoscopy Inflammatory bowel disease Magnetic resonance enterography Small bowel involvement Small bowel disease Indeterminate colitis Pediatric Children

Using Sports Wagering Markets to Evaluate and Compare Team Winning Streaks in Sports

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American Journal of Operations Research 2015年第5期5卷 357-366页

作者： R. alan Bowman thomas Ashman James Lambrinos School of Management Union Graduate College Schenectady NY USA Behavioral Sciences Collegium Eckerd College St. Petersburg FL USA

Point spreads and money lines from sports wagering markets are used to evaluate the impressiveness of team streaks. Sports wagering data have previously been useful in assessing competitive balance in sports. Our approach was motivated by the amount of media scrutiny that accompanied the winning streak of the NBA’s Miami Heat and the point streak of the NHL’s Chicago Blackhawks which occurred simultaneously for the most part in 2013. The topic came to the forefront again with the 2014-2015 winning streak of the Atlanta Hawks. Three streaks are highlighted in our paper. The length of the streaks, the quality of the competition, injuries, and a variety of other factors were mentioned in the media but the discussion was limited to subjective opinions as no way of properly weighing relative influence of the factors was identified. Wagering markets provide an excellent source of information for making these judgments. Several complementary measures are described and the most impressive team streaks within and across professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey are identified.

关键词： Winning Streaks Sports Wagering Markets Baseball Basketball Football Hockey

Accounting for the Effects of Climate Variability in Regional Flood Frequency Estimates in Western Nigeria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第8期12卷 690-713页

作者： Iguniwari thomas Ekeu-Wei George alan Blackburn Jason Giovannettone Lancaster Environmental Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK Kawari Technical Services Nigeria Limited Yenagoa Nigeria Dewberry 8401 Arlington Blvd. Fairfax Virginia USA

Extreme flood events are becoming more frequent and intense in recent times, owing to climate change and other anthropogenic factors. Nigeria, the case-study for this research experiences recurrent flooding, with the most disastrous being the 2012 flood event that resulted in unprecedented damage to infrastructure, displacement of people, socio-economic disruption, and loss of lives. To mitigate and minimize the impact of such floods now and in the future, effective planning is required, underpinned by analytics based on reliable data and information. Such data are seldom available in many developing regions, owing to financial, technical, and organizational drawbacks that result in short-length and inadequate historical data that are prone to uncertainties if directly applied for flood frequency estimation. This study applies regional Flood Frequency Analysis (FFA) to curtail deficiencies in historical data, by agglomerating data from various sites with similar hydro-geomorphological characteristics and is governed by a similar probability distribution, differing only by an “index-flood”;as well as accounting for climate variability effect. Data from 17 gauging stations within the Ogun-Osun River Basin in Western Nigeria were analysed, resulting in the delineation of 3 sub-regions, of which 2 were homogeneous and 1 heterogeneous. The Generalized Logistic distribution was fitted to the annual maximum flood series for the 2 homogeneous regions to estimate flood magnitudes and the probability of occurrence while accounting for climate variability. The influence of climate variability on flood estimates in the region was linked to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) climate indices and resulted in increased flood magnitude for regional and direct flood frequency estimates varying from 0% - 35% and demonstrate that multi-decadal changes in atmospheric conditions influence both small and large floods. The results reveal the value of considering climate variability for fl

关键词： Climate Variability Regional Flood Frequency Climate-Indices L-Moment Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) Generalised Logistic (GLO) Climate-Indices

Randomized trial in malignant biliary obstruction:Plastic vs partially covered metal stents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第46期19卷 8638-8646页

作者： Peter L Moses Khalid M AlNaamani alan N Barkun Stuart R Gordon Roger D Mitty M Stanley Branch thomas E Kowalski Myriam Martel Viviane Adam Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Vermont Division of Gastroenterology McGill University Health Center McGill University Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University Health Center Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon Division of Gastroenterology Tufts University School of Medicine Boston Division of Gastroenterology Duke University Medical Center Durham Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Thomas Jefferson University Hospital

AIM:To compare efficacy and complications of par-tially covered self-expandable metal stent(pcSEMS)to plastic stent(PS)in patients treated for malignant,infrahilar biliary ***:Multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial with treatment allocation to a pcWallstent(SEMS)or a 10 French *** patients aged≥18,for infrahilar malignant biliary obstruction and a Karnofsky performance scale index>60%from 6 participating North American university *** endpoint was time to stent failure,with secondary outcomes of death,adverse events,Karnofsky performance score and short-form-36 scale administered on a three-monthly basis for up to 2 *** analyses were performed for stent failure and death,with Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine significant predictive ***:Eighty-five patients were accrued over 37mo,42 were randomized to the SEMS group and 83patients were available for *** to stent failure was 385.3±52.5 d in the SEMS and 153.3±19.8 d in the PS group,P=*** to death did not differ between groups(192.3±23.4 d for SEMS vs211.5±28.0 d for PS,P=0.70).The only significant predictor was treatment allocation,relating to the time to stent failure(P=0.01).Amongst other measured outcomes,only cholangitis differed,being more common in the PS group(4.9%vs 24.5%,P=0.029).The small number of patients in follow-up limits longitudinal assessments of performance and quality of *** an initially planned 120 patients,only 85 patients were ***:Partially covered SEMS result in a longer duration till stent failure without increased complication rates,yet without accompanying measurable benefits in survival,performance,or quality of life.

关键词： Randomized Biliary Obstruction Stent Plastic Metal Palliative Common bile duct