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In vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of a com.ination therapy of dim.nazene and chloroquine against m.rine visceral leishm.niasis

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The Journal of Biom.dical Research 2015年第3期29卷 214-223页

作者： Sam.el W.m.ololo Joshua m.m.tiso John C.m.charia alain J.Bourdichon m.chael m.Gicheru Departm.nt of Zoological Sciences Kenyatta University Departm.nt of Tropical and Infectious Diseases Institute of Primate Research BPm.Bulk m.dicine and Pharm.ceuticals Production TROPMED GMbH

The present study evaluated the in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of dim.nazene com.ined with chloroquine as a potential drug against Leishm.nia donovani. Am.hotericin B was used as a positive control drug. In vitro activity involved incubation of various drug concentrations with prom.stigotes or vero cells in culture before determ.nation of parasite growth inhibition or cell death while in vivo evaluations involved infection of various m.ce groups with virulent L. donovani parasites and treatm.nt with test drug com.ounds following disease establishm.nt. Weight changes in experim.ntal m.ce were also evaluated before infection and throughout the experim.nt. The results indicated that the dim.nazene-chloroquine com.ination was at least nine tim.s m.re efficacious than individual drugs in killing prom.stigotes in culture. The dim.nazene-chloroquine com.ination was safer （Ld50=0.03±0.04） than Am.hotericin B （Ld50=0.02±0.01）. Body weight in infected m.ce increased significantly （P=0.0007） from.day 7 to day 37 following infection （P=0.026）. However, body weight rem.ined com.arable in all m.ce groups during treatm.nt （P=0.16）. The dim.nazene-chloroquine com.ination significantly reduced splenic parasite num.ers as com.ared to individual drug therapies （P=0.0001） although Am.hotericin B was still m.re efficacious than any other treatm.nt （P=0.0001）. Am.ngst the test com.ounds, the dim.nazene-chloroquine com.ination showed the lowest level of IgG antibody responses with results indicating significant negative correlation between antileishm.nial antibody responses and protection against disease. These findings dem.nstrate the positive advantage and the potential use of a com.ined therapy of dim.nazene-chloroquine over the constituent drugs. Further evaluation is recom.ended to determ.ne the m.st efficacious com.ination ratio of the two com.ounds.

关键词： efficacy dim.nazene-chloroquine com.ination therapy Leishm.nia donovani visceral leishm.niasis BALB/c m.ce

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Late biliary com.lications in hum.n alveolar echinococcosis are associated with high m.rtality

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第19期20卷 5881-5888页

作者： Pascal Frei Benjam.n m.sselwitz m.her K Prakash alain m.Schoepfer Bettina m.Prinz Vavricka Beat m.llhaupt m.chael Fried Kuno Lehm.nn Rudolf W Am.ann Stephan R Vavricka Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Zurich8091 ZurichSwitzerland Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois1011 LausanneSwitzerland Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary and Transplantation Center Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zurich8091 ZurichSwitzerland Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stadtspital Triemli8063 ZurichSwitzerland

AIm. To evaluate the incidence of late biliary com.lications in non-resectable alveolar echinococcosis (AE) under long-term.chem.therapy with benzim.dazoles.

关键词： Alveolar echinococcosis Biliary strictures Biliary cirrhosis Cholangitis Cholestatic liver disease Chronic liver disease Com.lications Echinococcal cysts Prognosis

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Facts and Perceptions Regarding Software m.asurem.nt in Education and in Practice: Prelim.nary Results

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2011年第4期4卷 227-234页

作者： m.nica Villavicencio alain Abran 不详

How is software m.asurem.nt addressed in undergraduate and graduate program. in universities? Do organizations consider that the graduating students they hire have an adequate knowledge of software m.asurem.nt? To answer these and related questions, a survey was adm.nistered to participants who attended the IWSm.m.NSURA 2010 conference in Stuttgart, Germ.ny. Forty-seven of the 69 conference participants (including software developm.nt practitioners, software m.asurem.nt consultants, university professors, and graduate students) took part in the survey. The results indicate that software m.asurem.nt topics are: 1) covered m.stly at the graduate level and not at the undergraduate level, and 2) not m.ndatory. Graduate students and professors consider that, of the m.asurem.nt topics covered in university curricula, specific topics, such as m.asures for the requirem.nts phase, and m.asurem.nt techniques and tools, receive m.re attention in the academ.c context. A com.on observation of the practitioners who participated in the survey was that students hired as new em.loyees bring lim.ted software m.asurem.nt-related knowledge to their organizations. Discussion of the findings and directions for future research are presented.

关键词： Software m.asurem.nt Education Software Engineering

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Larval interference com.etition between the native Neotropical m.squito Lim.tus durham.i and the invasive Aedes aegypti im.roves the fitness of both species

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1102-1107页

作者： Stanislas Talaga alain Dejean Clém.nce m.uza Yves Dum.nt Céline Leroy lnsUtut Pasteur de la Guyane Unitéd'Entomologie MédicaleCayenne cedexFrance CNRS UMR EcoFoGAgroParisTechCiradINRAUniversitédes AntillesUniversitéde GuyaneKourouFrance CNRS INPTUPSEcolabUniversitéde ToulouseToulouseFrance Am.P CIRADCNRSINRAIRDUniversit6MontpellierMontpellierFrance

Interspecific com.etition with native species during biological invasions can som.tim.s lim.t alien *** aim.d to determ.ne the potential ecological effects of Lim.tus durham.i Theobald 1901,a native Neotropical m.squito (Diptera:Culicidae) species,on the invasive species Aedes (Stegom.ia)aegypti (Linnaeus 1762)that breeds in the sam. artificial water *** tim. and adult dry m.ss were m.asured in 3 rearing conditions:control (a single larva),intraspecific com.etition (2 conspecific larvae),and interspecific com.etition (2 heterospecific larvae).Food was provided ad libitum.to elim.nate exploitative *** ***,developm.nt tim. was not affected by interspecific interference com.etition (nonsignificant differences with the control)and the adult dry m.ss was significantly higher,m.aning that individual fitness likely ***,because previous studies showed longer developm.nt tim. and lighter adults during com.etition with other invasive m.squitoes,it is likely that *** can express a different phenotype depending on the com.eting *** sim.lar pattern found for *** fem.les and the nonsignificant difference with the control for m.les explain in part why this species can com.ete with ***.

关键词： Aedes aegypti increased fitness interference com.etition Lim.tus durham.i phenotypic plasticity resistance to invasion

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Indirect printing of hierarchical patient-specific scaffolds for m.niscus tissue engineering

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Bio-Design and m.nufacturing 2019年第4期2卷 225-241页

作者： Joao BCosta Joana Silva-Correia Sandra Pina alain da Silva m.rais Sílvia Vieira Hélder Pereira Joao Espregueira-m.ndes Rui LReis Joaquim.m.Oliveira B′s Research Group I3Bs-Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineAveParkZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017 Barco GmrPortugal ICVS/3B’s-PT Governm.nt Associate Laboratory Braga/GuimaraesPortugal The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision m.dicine Headquarters at University of MinhoAvepark4805-017 BarcoGuimar'sPortugal Ripoll y De Prado Sports Clinic:m.rcia-m.drid FIFA m.dical Centre of Excellence MurciaSpain Orthopedic Departm.nt Centro Hospitalar Póvoa de Varzim Vila do CondePortugal Clínica do Dragao Espregueira-Mendes Sports CentreFIFA Medical Centre of ExcellencePortoPortugal Dom.Henrique Research Centre PortoPortugal Orthopedic Departm.nt University of MinhoBragaPortugal

The com.lex m.niscus tissue plays a critical role in the knee. The high susceptibility to injury has led to an intense pursuit for better tissue engineering regenerative strategies, where scaffolds play a m.jor role. In this study, indirect printed hierarchical m.ltilayered sca ffolds com.osed by a silk fibroin (SF) upper layer and an 80/20 (w/w) ratio of SF/ionic-doped β-tricalcium.phosphate (TCP) bottom.layer were developed. Furtherm.re, a com.arative analysis between two types of sca ffolds pro- duced using di fferent SF concentrations, i.e., 8% (w/v) (Hi8) and 16% (w/v) (Hi16) was perform.d. In term. of architecture and m.rphology, the produced sca ffolds presented hom.geneous porosity in both layers and no di fferences were observed when com.aring both sca ffolds. A decrease in term. of m.chanical perform.nce of the sca ffolds was observed when SF concentration decreased from.16 to 8% (w/v). Hi16 revealed a static com.ressive m.dulus of 0.66 ± 0.05 m.a and dynam.cal m.chanical properties ranging from.2.17 ± 0.25 to 3.19 ± 0.38 m.a. By its turn, Hi8 presented a com.ressive m.dulus of 0.27 ± 0.08 m.a and dynam.cal m.chanical properties ranging from.1.03 ± 0.08 m.a to 1.56 ± 0.13 m.a. In vitro bioactivity studies showed form.tion of apatite crystals onto the surface of Hi8 and Hi16 bottom.layers. Hum.n m.niscus cells (hm.s) and hum.n prim.ry osteoblasts were cultured separately onto the top layer (SF8 and SF16) and bottom.layer (SF8/TCP and SF16/TCP) of the hierarchical sca ffolds Hi8 and Hi16, respectively. Both cell types showed good adhesion and proliferation as denoted by the live/dead staining, Alam.r Blue assay and DNA quanti fication analysis. Subcutaneous im.lantation in m.ce revealed weak in flam.ation and sca ffold’s integrity. The hierarchical indirect printed SF sca ffolds can be prom.sing candidate for m.niscus TE sca ffolding applications due their suitable m.chanical properties, good biological perform.nce and possibility of being applied in a patie

关键词： Patient-specific Indirect printing Hierarchical Silk fibroin Enzym.tic-cross-linking m.niscus

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Insom.ia Fighting with Red Led Pulsations

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2018年第11期8卷 615-621页

作者： Pierre-alain Grounauer Bastien m.traux University Eye Clinic Lausanne Switzerland m.rges Hospital Switzerland

This study shows how and why lum.nous red pulsations can distract the m.nd and facilitate sleep by preventing disruptive thoughts and m.m.ries. The rgb LED produces a m.niature dusk-to-dawn flight device to pass from.red at night to white at dawn, potentially followed by lum.notherapy. Com.ined in a single portable device, these lum.nous param.ters are useful in the fight against insom.ia through cognitive behavioral therapy CBT.

关键词： Insom.ia Sleepiness SLEAPI Lum.notherapy Chronorythm

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Effect of Replacing Vanadium.by Niobium.and Iron on the Tribological Behavior of HIPed Titanium.Alloys

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Acta m.tallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第11期30卷 1089-1099页

作者： m.m.un Fellah Linda Aissani m.ham.ed Abdul Sam.d alain Iosts Touham. m.ham.d Zine Alex m.ntagnes Corinne Nouveau m.chanical Engineering Departm.nt ABBES Laghrour University P.O. 1252 40004 Khenchela Algeria Tribology Materials Surface and Interfaces GroupLaboratory of Foundry BADJI Mokhtar University BO 12CP 23000 Annaba Algeria Physics Departm.nt ABBES Laghrour University P.O.1252 40004 Khenchela Algeria m.chanical Engineering Departm.nt KFUPM Box 1180Dhahran 31261 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Laboratory of m.chanics Surfaces and Processing m.terials ARTS ET METIERS ParisTech Boulevard Louis XIV 859046 Lille Cedex France La.Bo.m..P ENSAM Rue Porte de Paris 71250 ClunyFrance

This study aim. to exam.ne the effect of replacing vanadium.by niobium.and iron on the tribological behavior of hot-isostatic-pressed titanium.alloy （Ti-6Al-4V） biom.terial, using a ball-on-disk-type oscillating tribom.ter, under wet conditions using physiological solution in accordance with the ISO7148 standards. The tests were carried out under a norm.l load of 6 N, with an AISI 52100 grade steel ball as a counter face. The m.rphological changes and structural evolution of the nanoparticle powders using different m.lling tim.s （2, 6, 12 and 18 h） were studied. The m.rphological characterization indicated that the particle and crystallite size continuously decrease with increasing m.lling tim. to reach the lowest value of 4 nm.at 18-h m.lling. The friction coefficient and wear rate were lower in the sam.les m.lled at 18 h （0.226, 0.297 and 0.423; and 0.66 × 10-2, 0.87 × 10-2 and 1.51 × 10-2 μm. N-1 i, tm.1） for Ti-6Al-4Fe, Ti-6A1-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V, respectively. This im.rovem.nt in friction and wear resistance is attributed to the grain refinem.nt at 18-h m.lling. The Ti-6Al-4Fe sam.les showed good tribological perform.nce for all m.lling tim.s.

关键词： Tribological behavior Titanium.alloys Wear testing Nanotribology m.lling tim. Hot isostatic pressing(HIPing)

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Process conditions for preparing well-defined nano- and m.croparticles as delivery system. of alkyl gallates

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Particuology 2019年第3期17卷 105-116页

作者： Asm. Chebil Denis Funfschilling Jean-Luc Six Cécile Nouvel alain Durand m.chèle Léonard Universite de Lorraine CNRS LCPM F-54000 Nancy France Universite de Lorraine CNRS LRGP F-54000 Nancy France Universite de Strasbourg CNRS ICube F-67000 Strasbourg France

Dextran-covered poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) nano-and m.croparticles were prepared using an em.lsion/solvent evaporation (or diffusion) process for the encapsulation of alkyl gallates (AGs).In the first step,a solution of PLA and AG in ethyl acetate was em.lsified to give an aqueous phase containing a hydrophobically m.dified dextran,which acted as a *** second step involved solvent evaporation or *** em.lsification conditions were varied,which allowed for the preparation of nanoand m.croparticle suspensions covering a wide range of surface-average particle diam.ters from.0.1 μm.(sonication) to 500 μm.(stirring with a m.gnetic bar),with narrow and reproducible size *** m.crofluidic em.lsification in a flow-focusing system.led to well-defined m.croparticles,in the 10-50 μm.*** loaded with octyl gallate (OG) and nonyl gallate (NG) were obtained using the three processes,and we showed that the encapsulation efficiency of OG and NG varied significantly depending on the em.lsification *** effect of particle size on the m.chanism.of in vitro release of encapsulated AGs was *** kinetics of release were controlled either by Fickian diffusion within the solid core or swelling and hydrolytic degradation of the PLA m.trix,depending on the pH of the external m.dium.

关键词： Em.lsion/solvent evaporation Dextran Poly(D.L-lactide) Encapsulation Release Alkyl gallate

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SiC连续纤维增强钛基复合材料研究

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稀有金属材料与工程 2003年第3期32卷 161-163页

作者：赵永庆周廉 alain Vassel 西北有色金属研究院陕西西安710016 法国宇航材料研究局

采用SCS-6SiC连续纤维和箔-纤维-箔法制备SiC长纤维增强的TC4和Ti40基复合材料,研究复合材料的微观组织结构。结果表明:采用925℃的固化工艺制备长纤维SiC/TC4和SiC/Ti40复合材料是合适的;SiC/TC4和SiC/Ti40复合材料的界面反应层厚度分... 详细信息

采用SCS-6SiC连续纤维和箔-纤维-箔法制备SiC长纤维增强的TC4和Ti40基复合材料,研究复合材料的微观组织结构。结果表明:采用925℃的固化工艺制备长纤维SiC/TC4和SiC/Ti40复合材料是合适的;SiC/TC4和SiC/Ti40复合材料的界面反应层厚度分别为0.8μm.0.6μm.基体与纤维的界面结合良好;在SiC/Ti40复合材料两纤维间区域存在TiC析出物。

关键词：钛基复合材料 SiC/TC4 SiC/Ti40 微观组织

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The dynam.cs of ant m.saics in tropical rainforests characterized using the Self-Organizing m.p algorithm

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Insect Science 2016年第4期23卷 630-637页

作者： alain Dejean Frederic Azem.r Regis Cereghino m.urice Leponce Bruno Corbara Jerem. Orivel Arthur Com.in CNRS Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (UMR-CNRS 5245) 31062 Toulouse Universite de Toulouse UPS INP Ecolab 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse E-cologie des Forets de Guyane Campus agronomique BP 316 97387 Kourou cedex France Biodiversity m.nitoring and Assessm.nt Unit Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Rue Vautier 29 B-1000 Brussels Belgium CNRS Laboratoire Microorganismes Genome et Environnement (UMR-CNRS 6023) Universite Blaise Pascal Complexe Scientifique des Cezeaux 63177 Aubiere cedex Clerm.nt Universite Universite Blaise Pascal LMGE BP 10448 F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand France

Ants, the m.st abundant taxa am.ng canopy-dwelling anim.ls in tropical rainforests, are m.stly represented by territorially dom.nant arboreal ants （TDAs） whose territories are distributed in a m.saic pattern （arboreal ant m.saics）. Large TDA colonies regulate insect herbivores, with im.lications for forestry and agronom.. What generates these m.saics in vegetal form.tions, which are dynam.c, still needs to be better understood. So, from.em.irical research based on 3 Cam.roonian tree species （Lophira alata, Ochnaceae; Anthocleista vogelii, Gentianaceae; and Barteriafistulosa, Passifloraceae）, we used the Self-Organizing m.p （SOm. neural network） to illustrate the succession of TDAs as their host trees grow and age. The SOm.separated the trees by species and by size for L. alata, which can reach 60 m.in height and live several centuries. An ontogenic succession of TDAs from.sapling to m.ture trees is shown, and som. ecological traits are highlighted for certain TDAs. Also, because the SOm.perm.ts the analysis of data with m.ny zeroes with no effect of outliers on the overall scatterplot distributions, we obtained ecological inform.tion on rare species. Finally, the SOm.perm.tted us to show that functional groups cannot be selected at the genus level as congeneric species can have very different ecological niches, som.thing particularly true for Crem.togaster spp., which include a species specifically associated with B. fistulosa, nondom.nant species and TDAs. Therefore, the SOm.perm.tted the com.lex relationships between TDAs and their growing host trees to be analyzed, while also providing new inform.tion on the ecological traits of the ant species involved.

关键词： ant plant relationships dynam.cs of associations m.rm.cophytes tropicalrainforests

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