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CapsNet-FR: Capsule Networks for Improved Recognition of Facial Features

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2169-2186页

作者： Mahmood Ul Haq Muhammad Athar Javed Sethi Najib Ben Aoun Ala Saleh Alluhaidan Sadique ahmad Zahid farid Department of Computer System Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan College of Computer Science and Information Technology Al-Baha UniversityAlaqiq65779-7738Saudi Arabia REGIM-Lab:Research Groups in Intelligent Machines National School of Engineers of Sfax(ENIS)University of SfaxSfax3038Tunisia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia EIAS:Data Science and Blockchain Laboratory College of Computer and Information SciencesPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Bahria University Karachi CampusKarachi541004Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Abasyn UniversityPeshawar25000Pakistan

Face recognition (FR) technology has numerous applications in artificial intelligence including biometrics, security,authentication, law enforcement, and surveillance. Deep learning (DL) models, notably convolutional neuralnetworks (CNNs), have shown promising results in the field of FR. However CNNs are easily fooled since theydo not encode position and orientation correlations between features. Hinton et al. envisioned Capsule Networksas a more robust design capable of retaining pose information and spatial correlations to recognize objects morelike the brain does. Lower-level capsules hold 8-dimensional vectors of attributes like position, hue, texture, andso on, which are routed to higher-level capsules via a new routing by agreement algorithm. This provides capsulenetworks with viewpoint invariance, which has previously evaded CNNs. This research presents a FR model basedon capsule networks that was tested using the LFW dataset, COMSATS face dataset, and own acquired photos usingcameras measuring 128 × 128 pixels, 40 × 40 pixels, and 30 × 30 pixels. The trained model outperforms state-ofthe-art algorithms, achieving 95.82% test accuracy and performing well on unseen faces that have been blurred orrotated. Additionally, the suggested model outperformed the recently released approaches on the COMSATS facedataset, achieving a high accuracy of 92.47%. Based on the results of this research as well as previous results, capsulenetworks perform better than deeper CNNs on unobserved altered data because of their special equivarianceproperties.

关键词： CapsNet face recognition artificial intelligence

Security Monitoring and Management for the Network Services in the Orchestration of SDN-NFV Environment Using Machine Learning Techniques

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2024年第2期48卷 363-394页

作者： Nasser Alshammari Shumaila Shahzadi saad Awadh Alanazi Shahid Naseem Muhammad Anwar Madallah Alruwaili Muhammad Rizwan Abid Omar Alruwaili Ahmed Alsayat Fahad ahmad Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakakaAl Jouf72341Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Kinnaird College forWomenLahorePunjab54700Pakistan Department of Information Sciences Division of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore54770Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka72341Saudi Arabia Computer Science Florida Polytechnic UniversityLakelandFlorida33805USA Delta3T LahorePunjab54700Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences Common First YearJouf UniversitySakaka72341Saudi Arabia

Software Defined Network(SDN)and Network Function Virtualization(NFV)technology promote several benefits to network operators,including reduced maintenance costs,increased network operational performance,simplified network lifecycle,and policies *** vulnerabilities try to modify services provided by Network Function Virtualization MANagement and Orchestration(NFV MANO),and malicious attacks in different scenarios disrupt the NFV Orchestrator(NFVO)and Virtualized Infrastructure Manager(VIM)lifecycle management related to network services or individual Virtualized Network Function(VNF).This paper proposes an anomaly detection mechanism that monitors threats in NFV MANO and manages promptly and adaptively to implement and handle security functions in order to enhance the quality of experience for end *** anomaly detector investigates these identified risks and provides secure network *** enables virtual network security functions and identifies anomalies in Kubernetes(a cloud-based platform).For training and testing purpose of the proposed approach,an intrusion-containing dataset is used that hold multiple malicious activities like a Smurf,Neptune,Teardrop,Pod,Land,IPsweep,etc.,categorized as Probing(Prob),Denial of Service(DoS),User to Root(U2R),and Remote to User(R2L)*** anomaly detector is anticipated with the capabilities of a Machine Learning(ML)technique,making use of supervised learning techniques like Logistic Regression(LR),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),Naïve Bayes(NB),and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost).The proposed framework has been evaluated by deploying the identified ML algorithm on a Jupyter notebook in Kubeflow to simulate Kubernetes for validation *** classifier has shown better outcomes(99.90%accuracy)than other classifiers in detecting anomalies/intrusions in the containerized environment.

关键词： Software defined network network function virtualization network function virtualization management and orchestration virtual infrastructure manager virtual network function Kubernetes Kubectl artificial intelligence machine learning

Analysis of cerium substitution in Co-Sr based spinel ferrites for high frequency application

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1755-1763页

作者： Laura Khudaysh Inas A.Ahmed Syeda Rabia Ejaz Sajjad ahmad Khan Yasir A.Haleem Mohamed M.Ibrahim Mahmood Ali Hafiz Muhammad Tahir farid Zeinhom M.El-Bahy Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceJazan University Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid University Department of Physics The Government Sadiq College Women University Institute of Physics Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology Department of Chemistry College of ScienceTaif University Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics University of the Punjab Department of Physics Government College Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University

Spinel ferrites exhibit exceptional magnetic properties,making them a distinctive class of magnetic *** sol-gel technique was utilized for the synthesis of spinel ferrites with the chemical formula Co0.6Sr0.4CexFe2-xO4. Following that,a comprehensive X-ray diffraction analysis unveiled the crystalline cubic structure of the synthesized *** the utilization of the M-H loop approach,the ferromagnetic attributes of ferrites were assessed,and the assimilation of rare earth elements led to substantial enhancements in saturation magnetization,remanence,and *** ferrites with a high concentration of rare earth elements have improved direct current resistivity and activation *** logarithm of a material's resistance increased from 5.29 to 8.12 Ω·cm as cerium is *** a change in the amount of cerium,the activation energy goes up from 0.19 to *** changing the frequency from 5.5 to 9.5 GHz,the dielectric characteristics were *** the frequency goes up,the dielectric constant goes *** ferrites that have been made better in every way can be used in high-frequency applications.

关键词： Activation energy DC electrical resistance Remanence magnetization Cobalt strontium spinel ferrites High frequency application Rare earths

Stress combination:When two negatives may become antagonistic,synergistic or additive for plants?

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Pedosphere 2023年第2期33卷 287-300页

作者： Hera NADEEM Amir KHAN Rishil GUPTA Mohamed HASHEM saad ALAMRI Mansoor ahmad SIDDIQUI Faheem ahmad Department of Botany Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh 202002(India) Department of Biology College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413(Saudi Arabia) Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of ScienceAssiut UniversityAssiut 71516(Egypt)

Plants in their natural environment are constantly subjected to various abiotic and biotic stressors and,therefore,have developed several defense mechanisms to maintain *** responses are intricate and require various physiological,biochemical,and cellular changes in *** reaction mechanisms in plants subjected to drought,salinity,or heat stress alone have been explained in numerous ***,the field conditions are significantly different from the controlled laboratory *** the field,crops or plants are simultaneously exposed to two or more abiotic and/or biotic stress conditions,such as a combination of salinity and heat,drought and cold,or any of the abiotic stresses combined with pathogen *** have shown that plants’reactions to combinations of more than two stress factors are distinct and cannot be explicitly deduced from their responses to different stresses when applied ***,additional research is needed to understand the complete mechanism of plant responses to stress by analyzing data between single stress and multiple stress *** review aims to provide an overview of current research on plant responses to a combination of various stress conditions and their influence on the metabolic,transcriptional,and physiological characteristics of plants.

关键词： abiotic stress abscisic acid biotic stress defence mechanism multifactorial stress reactive oxygen species stress response

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The emancipation of testosterone from niche iormone to multi-system player

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第1期17卷 58-60页

作者： farid saad Bayer Pharma Global Medical Affairs Andrology Berlin Germany Gulf Medical University School of Medicine Ajman United Arab Emirates.

It is no exaggeration to say that our lconceptualization of the （patho-） physiological functions of testosterone has undergone a revolutionary development over the last three decades. The traditional thinking was that the biological functions of testosterone were restricted mainly to the area of reproduction and male sexuality. However, scientific research has clearly demonstrated that testosterone is a multi-system hormone serving a wide range of hitherto unsuspected biological functions.

关键词： The emancipation testosterone from niche

Antibacterial mechanism with consequent cytotoxicity of different reinforcements in biodegradable magnesium and zinc alloys: A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第9期11卷 3038-3058页

作者： Chowdhury Ahmed Shahed Faiz ahmad Ebru Günister Farhana Mohd Foudzi saad Ali Khurshid Malik Wan Sharuzi Wan Harun Department of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS(UTP)32610Seri IskandarPerakMalaysia Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Mechanical EngineeringIstanbul Health and Technology UniversityIstanbulTurkey Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Mechanical&Automotive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang26600 PekanPahangMalaysia

Benefits achieved by the biodegradable magnesium(Mg) and zinc(Zn) implants could be suppressed due to the invasion of infectious microbial, common bacteria, and fungi. Postoperative medications and the antibacterial properties of pure Mg and Zn are insufficient against biofilm and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, bringing osteomyelitis, necrosis, and even death. This study evaluates the antibacterial performance of biodegradable Mg and Zn alloys of different reinforcements, including silver(Ag), copper(Cu), lithium(Li), and gallium(Ga). Copper ions(Cu^(2+)) can eradicate biofilms and antibiotic-resistant bacteria by extracting electrons from the cellular structure. Silver ion(Ag^(+)) kills bacteria by creating bonds with the thiol group. Gallium ion(Ga^(3+)) inhibits ferric ion(Fe^(3+)) absorption, leading to nutrient deficiency and bacterial death. Nanoparticles and reactive oxygen species(ROS) can penetrate bacteria cell walls directly, develop bonds with receptors, and damage nucleotides. Antibacterial action depends on the alkali nature of metal ions and their degradation rate, which often causes cytotoxicity in living cells. Therefore, this review emphasizes the insight into degradation rate, antibacterial mechanism, and their consequent cytotoxicity and observes the correlation between antibacterial performance and oxidation number of metal ions.

关键词： Biodegradable materials Biomedical implants Antibacterial mechanism Cytotoxicity Reactive oxygen species

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Personality Detection Using Context Based Emotions in Cognitive Agents

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 4947-4964页

作者： Nouh Sabri Elmitwally Asma Kanwal Sagheer Abbas Muhammad A.Khan Muhammad Adnan Khan Munir ahmad saad Alanazi College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf UniversitySakaka72341Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Artificial IntelligenceCairo University12613Egyp t 3School of Computer Science National College of Business administration and EconomicsLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC UniversityLahorePakistan Riphah School of Computing&Innovation Faculty of ComputingRiphah International UniversityLahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab Department of SoftwareGachon UniversitySeongnam13120Korea

Detection of personality using emotions is a research domain in artificial *** present,some agents can keep the human’s profile for interaction and adapts themselves according to their ***,the effective method for interaction is to detect the person’s personality by understanding the emotions and context of the *** idea behind adding personality in cognitive agents begins an attempt to maximize adaptability on the basis of *** our daily life,humans socially interact with each other by analyzing the emotions and context of interaction from audio or visual *** paper presents a conceptual personality model in cognitive agents that can determine personality and behavior based on some text input,using the context subjectivity of the given data and emotions obtained from a particular situation/*** proposed work consists of Jumbo Chatbot,which can chat with *** this social interaction,the chatbot predicts human personality by understanding the emotions and context of interactive ***,the Jumbo chatbot is using the BFI technique to interact with a *** accuracy of proposed work varies and improve through getting more experiences of interaction.

关键词： Emotions fuzzy personality detection contextual analysis semantic analysis

Blockchain and IIoT Enabled Solution for Social Distancing and Isolation Management to Prevent Pandemics

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第7期76卷 687-709页

作者： Muhammad saad Maaz Bin ahmad Muhammad Asif Muhammad Khalid Khan Toqeer Mahmood Elsayed Tag Eldin Hala Abdel Hameed College of Computing and Information Sciences Karachi Institute of Economics&TechnologyKarachiPakistan Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahorePakistan Department of Computer Science National Textile UniversityFaisalabad37610Pakistan Faculty of Engineering and Technology Future University in Egypt New Cairo11835Egypt Faculty of Computer and Information Systems Fayoum UniversityFaiyumEgypt Khaybar Applied College Taibah UniversityMedinaSaudi Arabia

Pandemics have always been a nightmare for humanity,especially in developing *** lockdowns are considered one of the effective ways to deal with spreading such ***,developing countries cannot afford such solutions because these may severely damage the country’s ***,this study presents the proactive technological mechanisms for business organizations to run their standard business processes during pandemic-like situations *** novelty of this study is to provide a state-of-the-art solution to prevent pandemics using industrial internet of things(IIoT)and blockchain-enabled *** to existing studies,the immutable and tamper-proof contact tracing and quarantine management solution is *** use of advanced technologies and information security is a critical area for practitioners in the internet of things(IoT)and corresponding ***,this study also emphasizes information security,end-to-end solution,and experimental ***,a wearable wristband is proposed,incorporating 4G-enabled ultra-wideband(UWB)technology for smart contact tracing mechanisms in industries to comply with standard operating procedures outlined by the world health organization(WHO).Secondly,distributed ledger technology(DLT)omits the centralized dependency for transmitting contact tracing ***,a privacy-preserving tracing mechanism is discussed using a public/private key cryptography-based authentication ***,based on geofencing techniques,blockchain-enabled machine-to-machine(M2M)technology is proposed for quarantine *** step-by-step methodology and test results are proposed to ensure contact tracing and quarantine *** existing research studies,the security aspect is also considered in the realm of *** practical implementation of the proposed solution also obtains the *** results indicate the successful implementation of blockchain-enabled contac

关键词： Blockchain contact tracing distributed ledger technology geo-fencing internet of things industrial internet of things isolation management social distancing ultra-wideband

A Health Monitoring System Using IoT-Based Android Mobile Application

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第11期47卷 2293-2311页

作者： Madallah Alruwaili Muhammad Hameed Siddiqi Kamran farid Muhammad Azad saad Alanazi Asfandyar Khan Abdullah Khan College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf UniversitySakakaAl-Jouf73211Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Institute of Computer Science and Information Technology The University of Agriculture PeshawarPeshawar25000Pakistan

Numerous types of research on healthcare monitoring systems have been conducted for calculating heart rate,ECG,nasal/oral airflow,temperature,light sensor,and fall detection *** researchers have done different work in the field of health monitoring with sensor *** researchers used built-in apps,such as some used a small number of parameters,while some other studies used more than one microcontroller and used senders and receivers among the microcontrollers to communicate,and outdated tools for study *** no efficient,cheap,and updated work is proposed in the field of sensor-based health monitoring ***,this study developed an android-based mobile system that can remotely monitor electrocardiograms(ECGs),pulse oximetry,heart rate,and body *** microcontroller’s Wi-Fi device is used to manage wireless data *** findings of the patient are saved on the Firebase server for further usage in the mobile *** performance of the proposed device is tested on ten numbers of different patients age-wise in terms of beats per minute(BPM),ECG,Temperature,and *** system uses temperature,pulse,ECG,blood pressure,and eye blink *** device makes the usage of a tiny pulse sensor that has been designed to provide an accurate and optimal readout of the pulse rate and a temperature sensor is also *** the help of an MCU,our system measures the pulse rate in beats per minute(bpm),blood oxygen level temperature measurements,and ECG readings and communicates this information to the Firebase *** check the performance of the proposed system first,the BPM parameter was checked on the cardiac ***,the proposed model is tested on different patients *** simulation result shows that the BPM reading is not much different than the BPM of the cardiac *** to the simulation findings,the proposed model achieved the best performance as compared to commercially available

关键词： ICUs DS18B20 sensors SpO2 AD8232 sensors ECGs Internet of Things