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Provision of Ramp-rate Limitation as Ancillary Service from Distribution to Transmission System:Definitions and Methodologies for Control and Sizing of Central Battery Energy Storage System

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第5期11卷 1507-1518页

作者： Spyros I.Gkavanoudis Kyriaki-Nefeli D.Malamaki Eleftherios O.Kontis aditya shekhar Umer Mushtaq Sagar Bandi Venu Charis S.Demoulias Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece Electrical Engineering Mathematics&Computer Science DepartmentDelft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands FENECON Gmbh DeggendorfGermany

The variability of the output power of distributed renewable energy sources(DRESs)that originate from the fastchanging climatic conditions can negatively affect the grid ***,grid operators have incorporated ramp-rate limitations(RRLs)for the injected DRES power in the grid *** the DRES penetration levels increase,the mitigation of high-power ramps is no longer considered as a system support function but rather an ancillary service(AS).Energy storage systems(ESSs)coordinated by RR control algorithms are often applied to mitigate these power ***,no unified definition of active power ramps,which is essential to treat the RRL as AS,currently *** paper assesses the various definitions for ramp-rate RR and proposes RRL method control for a central battery ESS(BESS)in distribution systems(DSs).The ultimate objective is to restrain high-power ramps at the distribution transformer level so that RRL can be traded as AS to the upstream transmission system(TS).The proposed control is based on the direct control of theΔP/Δt,which means that the control parameters are directly correlated with the RR requirements included in the grid *** addition,a novel method for restoring the state of charge(So C)within a specific range following a high ramp-up/down event is ***,a parametric method for estimating the sizing of central BESSs(BESS sizing for short)is *** BESS sizing is determined by considering the RR requirements,the DRES units,and the load mix of the examined *** BESS sizing is directly related to the constant RR achieved using the proposed ***,the proposed methodologies are validated through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and laboratory tests in a commercially available BESS.

关键词： Battery energy storage system distributed renewable energy resource sizing distribution system transmission system ramp-rate limitation state of charge

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Identification and characterization of integron mediated antibiotic resistance in pentachlorophenol degrading bacterium isolated from the chemostat

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第6期21卷 858-864页

作者： SHARMA Ashwani THAKUR Indu shekhar Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory School of Environmental SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Mehrauli Road

A bacterial consortium was developed by continuous enrichment of microbial population isolated from sediment core of pulp and paper mill effluent in mineral salts medium（MSM） supplemented with pentachlorophenol（PCP） as sole source of carbon and energy in the *** consortia contained three bacterial *** were identified as Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter *** 16S rRNA gene sequence *** *** degraded PCP through the formation of tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone（TecH）,2-chloro-1,4-benzenediol and products of ortho ring cleavage detected by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer（GC-MS）.Out of the three acclimated PCP degrading bacterial strains only one strain,Acinetobacter *** the presence of integron gene cassette as a marker of its stability and antibiotic *** strain possessed a 4.17 kb amplicon with 22 ORF＇*** plasmid isolated from the Acinetobacter *** subjected to shotgun cloning through restriction digestion by BamHI,HindIII and SalI,ligated to pUC19 vector and transformed into *** XLBlue1α,and finally selected on MSM containing PCP as sole source of carbon and energy with ampicillin as antibiotic *** sequence analysis of recombinant clones indicated homology with integron gene cassette and multiple antibiotic resistance genes.

关键词： Acinetobacter sp. antibiotic resistance gene chemostat integron gene cassette pentachlorophenol recombinant clone

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Fabrication of Self-cleaning Antireflective Polymer Surfaces by Mimicking Underside Leaf Hierarchical Surface Structures

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第3期16卷 400-409页

作者： Srinadh Mattaparthi Chandra shekhar Sharma Creative & Advanced Research Based on Nanomaterials (CARBON) Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineerings Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi Telangana 502285 India

In this work, we utilized underside of four different plant leaves with different scale of hierarchical surface roughness to fabricate large area self-cleaning antireflective polymer surfaces. A simple and precise two-step soft-lithography replica molding technique was deployed by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer as a replicating material. In the first step, a negative PDMS replica was fabricated by using the underside of an original leaf as a template material. In the second step, a positive PDMS replica was fabricated through a negative PDMS replica used as a template. In order to study the non-wetting and light trapping properties, as-replicated polymer surfaces were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), contact angle goniometer, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. SEM images confirmed the successful replication of complex hierarchical structures while contact angle measurement studies established retaining high non-wetting properties in polymer replicas. Optical studies suggest near zero reflection in normal mode and less than 5% diffuse reflection when measured using integrated sphere mode. These results have been correlated and explained with the air-liquid fraction and roughness factor as measured using three-dimensional optical profilometer.

关键词： biomimicking natural leaf replica molding non-wetting light trapping hierarchical roughness

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Model tests and numerical analyses on horizontal impedance functions of inclined single piles embedded in cohesionless soil

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2013年第1期12卷 143-154页

作者： Chandra shekhar Goit Masato Saitoh Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Saitama University

Horizontal impedance functions of inclined single piles are measured experimentally for model soil-pile systems with both the effects of local soil nonlinearity and resonant *** practical pile inclinations of 5掳 and 10掳 in addition to a vertical pile embedded in cohesionless soil and subjected to lateral harmonic pile head loadings for a wide range of frequencies are *** obtained with low-to-high amplitude of lateral loadings on model soil-pile systems encased in a laminar shear box show that the local nonlinearities have a profound impact on the horizontal impedance functions of *** impedance functions of inclined piles are found to be smaller than the vertical pile and the values decrease as the angle of pile inclination *** values of horizontal impedance functions are obtained for the ＇positive＇ and ＇negative＇ cycles of harmonic loadings,leading to asymmetric force-displacement relationships for the inclined *** of these experimental results is carried out through three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analyses,and the results from the numerical models are in good agreement with the experimental *** analyses conducted on the numerical models suggest that the consideration of local nonlinearity at the vicinity of the soil-pile interface influence the response of the soil-pile systems.

关键词： inclined single piles harmonic loads horizontal impedance functions local nonlinearity finite element model

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The darker side of follicular helper T cells： from autoimmunity to immunodeficiency

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第5期9卷 380-385页

作者： Sudhanshu shekhar Xi Yang Laboratory for Infection and Immunity Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada

Follicular helper T （TFH） cells represent a distinct subset of CD4＋ helper T （TH） cells specialized in providing help to B cells. They are characterized by their unique transcriptional profile （Bcl6）, surface marker expression （CXCR5, PD-1, ICOS and CD4OL） and cytokine production pattern （IL-21 and IL-6）. TFH cells provide help to B cells both to form germinal centers （GCs） and to differentiate into memory B cells and plasma cells for generation of humoral responses. However, there is emerging evidence that implicates TFH cells in the development of various human pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency and lymphoma. This review focuses on the current progress in this area including mouse and human studies. A clearer understanding of the mechanisms of TFH cell-mediated immunity and pathology may be exploited for rational development of therapeutic strategies. Cellular＆ Molecular Immunology（2012） 9, 380-385; doi：10.1038/cmi.2012.26; published online 13 August 2012

关键词： autoimmunity B cells immunodeficiency lymphoma TFH cells

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Effect of chromium on accumulation and antioxidants in Cucumis utillissimus L.:Response under enhanced bioavailability condition

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第3期23卷 506-512页

作者： Geetgovind Sinam Sarita Sinha shekhar Mallick Ecotoxicology and Bioremediation Group National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)Rana Pratap MargLucknow 226001India

This study compares the accumulation of Cr（VI） and biochemical changes （total chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, malondialdehyde （MDA） and cysteine contents） and roles of antioxidant enzymes （superoxide dismutase （SOD）, guaiacol peroxidase （GPX）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）） in tolerance to metal induced stress in Cucumis utiUissimus L. grown in Cr contaminated soil （CS） with garden soil （GS）. Furthermore, Cr bioavailability was enhanced by ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid （EDTA） addition to the soil to forecast the plant＇s accumulation pattern at elevated Cr environment. Accumulation of Cr in the leaves of the plant increased with increase in substrate metals concentration. It further increased with the addition of EDTA by 1437% and 487% in GS and CS, respectively at the highest treatment level. The lipid peroxidation increased proportionately with increase in Cr accumulation in the leaves. All the activity of antioxidant enzymes （SOD, GPX and APX） and the level of cysteine increased with dose dependant manner. SOD and cysteine were observed to be higher in the GS than in CS, but APX and GPX were found to be higher in CS than in GS, The increase in GPX and APX activities with the increase in Cr concentration could be assumed that these two enzymes have a major role in the defense mechanism towards stress induced by Cr in C. utillissimus.

关键词： antioxidant Cucumis utillissimus L. chromium ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid bioavailable

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Pulmonary CD103+ dendritic cells: key regulators of immunity against infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第6期17卷 670-671页

作者： Sudhanshu shekhar Xi Yang Institute of Oral Biology University of OsloOsloNorway Department of Immunology University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada

Since the discovery of dendritic cells(DCs)by the Nobel laureate Professor Ralph Steinman et *** 1973,a plethora of literature has accumulated on the functional roles of DCs in humans and animal models.1 DCs are involved in the innate sensing and modulation of adaptive immunity to ***103+DCs constitute a classical nonlymphoid DC subset that has an important role in generating immunity and maintaining tolerance.2 Pulmonary CD103+DCs(CD103+PDCs),which reside in close association with the airway epithelium,are particularly critical in controlling Tcell immunity against lung infections.2,3 In this article,we discuss recent evidence that shines light on the role and mechanism of CD103+PDCs in modulating CD8+and CD4+T-cell responses against various pathogens,including bacteria and viruses.A deeper understanding of CD103+PDC function may provide new translational avenues for the development of vaccines and therapeutics against infectious diseases.

关键词： CD103 immunity generating

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Finite Capacity Service System with Partial Server Breakdown and Recovery Policy:An Economic Perspective

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2024年第6期33卷 651-681页

作者： Shreekant Varshney Suman Kaswan Mahendra Devanda Chandra shekhar Department of Mathematics School of TechnologyPandit Deendayal Energy UniversityGandhinagarGujarat382426India Department of Mathematics Birla Institute of Technology and Science PilaniPilani CampusPilaniRajasthan333031India Department of Mathematics Maharaja Surajmal Brij UniversityBharatpurRajasthan321201India

Developing a comprehensive service strategy to optimize customer satisfaction presents an ongoing challenge for effective facility *** essence of comprehensive systems is selecting the suitable service design,establishing an effective service delivery process,and building continuous *** research analyzes a finite capacity service system incorporating several realistic customer-server dynamics:customer impatience,server’s partial breakdown,and threshold recovery *** the number of customers is more,the server is under pressure to increase the service rate to mitigate the service system’s *** from this fact,the concept of service pressure condition is also *** characterization,we evaluate state probabilities derived using the matrix-analytic method and henceforth several performance *** address the cost optimization problem involving the developed Chapman-Kolmogorov forward differential-difference equations and determine optimal operational parameters,we employ the recently devised cuckoo search(CS)optimization approach.A comparative analysis is performed with the semi-classical optimizer:quasi-Newton(QN)method,and metaheuristics technique:particle swarm optimization(PSO),to validate the efficacy of ***,several numerical illustrations are depicted in different tables and graphs to understand essential characteristics quickly.

关键词： Customer impatience service pressure condition partial server breakdown threshold-based recovery policy Cuckoo search particle swarm optimization quasi-Newton

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Laser additive manufacturing of aluminum-based stochastic and nonstochastic cellular materials

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第16期183卷 89-119页

作者： Anirban Changdar Shitanshu shekhar Chakraborty Yuncang Li Cuie Wen School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3001Australia Additive Manufacturing Research Group(AMRG) CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research InstituteDurgapur 713209India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad PIN-201002Uttar PradeshIndia

Cellular materials are gaining significant attention in product development due to their unique characteristics,offering superior mechanical performance and functionalities while minimizing material usage and environmental *** review article provides an overview of additive manufacturing(AM)technolo-gies for producing aluminum-based cellular materials,focusing on laser AM techniques including laser powder bed fusion and directed energy *** article explores the classification of cellular mate-rials into stochastic foams and nonstochastic lattice structures and discusses conventional manufacturing methods and their *** then examines the emergence of AM as a solution to these limitations,offering advantages such as design customization and optimization,shorter lead times,and the ability to manufacture complex *** article highlights the current research status on AM of cellular materials including lattice shapes,design methods,and AM *** further addresses the current status of AM of aluminum alloys,emphasizing the challenges and advances in producing aluminum-based cellular materials using AM.

关键词： Aluminum foam Directed energy deposition(DED) Lattice structure processing parameter selective laser melting(SLM)

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Sliding mode controller design for frequency regulation in an interconnected power system

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2021年第1期6卷 77-88页

作者： Anand Kumar Md Nishat Anwar shekhar Kumar Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology PatnaPatnaBiharIndia

In this paper, a Sliding mode controller design method for frequency regulation in an interconnected power system is presented. A sliding surface having four parameters has been selected for the load frequency control (LFC) system model. In order to achieve an optimal result, the parameter of the controller is obtained by grey wolf optimization (GWO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques. The objective function for optimization has been considered as the integral of square of error of deviation in frequency and tie-line power exchange. The method has been validated through simulation of a single area as well as a multi-area power system. The performance of the Sliding mode controller has also been analyzed for parametric variation and random loading patterns. The performance of the proposed method is better than recently reported methods. The performance of the proposed Sliding mode controller via GWO has 88.91% improvement in peak value of frequency deviation over the method of Anwar and Pan in case study 1 and similar improvement has been observed over different case studies taken from the literature.

关键词： Load frequency control Sliding mode control(SMC) Grey wolf optimization Particle swarm optimization Multi-area power system

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