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In vivo exploration of the functional activity of the non-coding 8q24 prostate cancer risk locus

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第6期12卷 787-789页

作者： Dolores J. lamb Mounia Tannour-Louet Scott Department of Urology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA Department of Molecular and cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA

Genome-wide association studies （GWAS） have successfully identified a substantial number of risk variants for prostate cancer [1-10]. In total, more than 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） that predispose to prostate malignancy have been found scattered throughout the genome in coding and non-coding regions. The 8q24 chromosomal region is an intriguing locus as it harbors five independent susceptibility variants （rs10086908; rs16901979; rs620861; rs6983267; rs1447295） that span a 440-kb genomic interval devoid of genes or protein-coding transcripts.

关键词： Genomes cancer (genus) Neoplasms Variants Prostate Genes Andean region

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Relational Networks

外国语 2004年第2期27卷 2-14页

作者： Sydney M.lamb Rice University

语言信息是如何表征的,语言信息是如何在发话和理解中运用的,这两个相关问题是极其重要的语言学理论问题。语言信息的表征不应以能力和运用的剥离为基础,而应以能在语言过程中直接运用的形式为基础,这样的观点更为实际。语言信息一般表... 详细信息

语言信息是如何表征的,语言信息是如何在发话和理解中运用的,这两个相关问题是极其重要的语言学理论问题。语言信息的表征不应以能力和运用的剥离为基础,而应以能在语言过程中直接运用的形式为基础,这样的观点更为实际。语言信息一般表征为符号形式,但是如此表征难以表述发话和理解过程。另一种做法是采用关系网络,即采用连通主义模式。在连通主义模式中,语言信息表征于巨型多层网络的连接关系之中。语言的操作就是连通网络关系线和关系符的激活延伸过程。关系网络形式允许我们实际表述各种被忽略的语言信息,该形式还和已知大脑信息一致。

关键词：连通主义语言信息语言学理论神经网络

Hyperresolution information and hyperresolution ignorance in modelling the hydrology of the land surface

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Science china Earth Sciences 2015年第1期58卷 25-35页

作者： Keith BEVEN Hannah cLOKE Florian PAPPENBERGER Rob lamb Neil HUNTER Lancaster Environment centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA1 4YQUK and Department of Earth SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Department of Geography and Environmental Science Department of MeteorologyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK European centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts ReadingUK School of Geographical Sciences University of BristolBristolUK college of Hydrology and Water Resources Hehai University JBA Trust South BarnBroughton HallSkipton BD23 3AEUK JBA consulting South BarnBroughton HallSkipton BD23 3AEUK

There is a strong drive towards hyperresolution earth system models in order to resolve finer scales of motion in the *** problem of obtaining more realistic representation of terrestrial fluxes of heat and water,however,is not just a problem of moving to hyperresolution grid *** is much more a question of a lack of knowledge about the parameterisation of processes at whatever grid scale is being used for a wider modelling *** grid scales cannot alone solve the problem of this hyperresolution *** paper discusses these issues in more detail with specific reference to land surface parameterisations and flood inundation *** importance of making local hyperresolution model predictions available for evaluation by local stakeholders is *** is expected that this will be a major driving force for improving model performance in the future.

关键词： hyperresolution models epistemic uncertainties models of everywhere communicating uncertainty flood risk

Kinetics and mechanistic investigation of epoxide/cO2 cycloaddition by a synergistic catalytic effect of pyrrolidinopyridinium iodide and zinc halides

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2019年第10期28卷 35-42页

作者： Abdul Rehman Valentine c. Eze M.F.M.Gunam Resul adam Harvey School of Engineering Merz CourtNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RUUK Department of chemical and Polymer Engineering University of Engineering and Technology LahoreFaisalabad CampusPakistan

Formation of styrene carbonate (Sc) by the cycloaddition of cO2 to styrene oxide (SO) catalysed by pyrrolidinopyridinium iodide (PPI) in combination with zinc halides (Zncl2, ZnBr2 and ZnI2) was investigated. complete conversion of the SO to Sc was achieved in 3 h with 100% selectivity using 1/0.5 molar (PPI/ZnI2) catalyst ratio under mild reaction conditions i.e., 100℃ and 10 bar cO2 pressure. The synergistic effect of ZnI2 and PPI resulted in more than 7-fold increase in reaction rate than using PPI alone. The cycloaddition reaction demonstrated the first-order dependence with respect to the epoxide, cO2 and catalyst concentrations. Moreover, the kinetic and thermodynamic activation parameters of Sc formation were determined using the Arrhenius and Eyring equations. The positive values of △H(42.8 kJ mol^-1) and △G(102.3 kJ mol^-1) revealed endergonic and chemically controlled nature of the reaction, whereas the large negative values of △S(-159.4 J mol^-1 K^-1) indicate a highly ordered activated complex at the transition state. The activation energy for Sc formation catalyzed by PPI alone was found to be 73.2 kJ mol^-1 over a temperature range of 100-140℃, which was reduced to 46.1 kJ mol^-1 when using PPI in combination with ZnI2 as a binary catalyst. Based on the kinetic study, a synergistic acid-based reaction mechanism was proposed.

关键词： cycloaddition cO2 utilization cyclic carbonates Homogeneous catalysis Activation energy

Distributional considerations for Transboundary Risk Governance of Environmental Threats

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 445-453页

作者： adam Rose Price School of Public Policy University of Southern California

Most policy analyses of both short-term and long-term disasters focus on aggregate impacts of their costs and the benefits of policy remedies. Distributional considerations relating to the costs of these disasters and the benefits of their risk management, however, are very important in many cases. This article examines two broad categories of cases in terms of distributional considerations. The first category is where transboundary considerations strongly affect risk governance, as in the case of climate change. The second relates to ordinary, short-term disasters, which include fewer, but still important, transboundary issues. climate change policy requires information regarding the distribution of impacts and policy responses across countries because it is a global *** disasters involve transboundary considerations much less frequently, so the attention typically shifts to the distribution of benefits and costs within a jurisdiction. In both cases distributional information is needed to evaluate the equity of policies and to provide information for public participation in the policy process. This article offers modeling and policy approaches to address these issues.

关键词： climate change Disasters Distributional effects Policy analysis Risk governance Transboundary impacts

Protection of armoured vehicles against chemical, biological and radiological contamination

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第2期17卷 384-392页

作者： adam Wisniewski Jacek Pirszel Military Institute of Armament Technology Wyszynskiego 705-220ZielonkaPoland Military Institute of chemistry and Radiometry al.gen.Antoniego Chrusciela“Montera”10500-910WarszawaPoland

The article presents problems related to mechanical protection of vehicles with different add-on armours against chemical,biological and radiological *** applies to vehicles with additional passive,reactive and hybrid protection in the form of cassettes against piercing with anti-tank projectiles,piercing with their kinetic energy of impact,and as a result of chemical energy of shaped charges as well as explosively formed *** has been shown how increased ballistic protection of these vehicles at the same time reduces their decontaminability in various places of the vehicle due to the increased additional surface of the vehicle with *** of contamination of these cassettes has been presented as a way of reducing hard to reach surface for decontamination and a method of insulating construction elements(stands),fixing these cassettes to the vehicle,from the environment to prevent contact with contaminated liquids and *** selection of appropriate materials is shown,which may affect the improvement of the decontamination efficiency of the vehicle with such *** applies to the use of materials with low absorption of chemical warfare agents,which prevent the accumulation of large amounts of these agents on contaminated surfaces and improve the effectiveness of *** also shows how to ensure better access of the disinfectant to as much of the vehicle surface as possible,covered with cassettes that have been *** shows how a vehicle,in particular with such cassettes,can provide protection against radar detection when Radar Absorbent Material is used on vehicle cassettes.

关键词： Protection of ERA cBR defence chemical warfare agents Vehicle decontamination Radar absorbent material Additive manufacturing

Sharp Inequalities for BMO Functions

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chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2015年第2期36卷 225-236页

作者： adam OSEKOWSKI Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and Mechanics University of Warsaw

The purpose of the paper is to study sharp weak-type bounds for functions of bounded mean oscillation. Let 0 〈 p 〈 ∞ be a fixed number and let I be an interval contained in R. The author shows that for any φ ： I → R and any subset E I of positive measure, ｜I｜^-1/p/｜E｜1-1/p∫E｜φ -1/｜I｜∫Iφdy｜dx≤｜｜φ｜｜BMO（I）,0〈p≤2,｜I｜^-1/p/｜E｜1-1/p∫E｜φ -1/｜I｜∫Iφdy｜dx≤p/2^2/pe2/p-1｜｜φ｜｜BMO（I）p≥2. For each p, the constant on the right-hand side is the best possible. The proof rests on the explicit evaluation of the associated Bellman function. The result is a complement of the earlier works of Slavin, Vasyunin and Volberg concerning weak-type, L ^p and exponential bounds for the BMO class.

关键词： BMO Bellman function Weak-type inequality Best constants

Dielectric metasurfaces for complete and independent control of the optical amplitude and phase

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 318-329页

作者： adam c.Overvig Sajan Shrestha Stephanie c.Malek Ming Lu Aaron Stein changxi Zheng Nanfang Yu Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA Department of computer Science Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA

Metasurfaces are optically thin metamaterials that promise complete control of the wavefront of light but are primarily used to control only the phase of ***,we present an approach,simple in concept and in practice,that uses meta-atoms with a varying degree of form birefringence and rotation angles to create high-efficiency dielectric metasurfaces that control both the optical amplitude and phase at one or two *** opens up applications in computer-generated holography,allowing faithful reproduction of both the phase and amplitude of a target holographic scene without the iterative algorithms required in phase-only *** demonstrate all-dielectric metasurface holograms with independent and complete control of the amplitude and phase at up to two optical frequencies simultaneously to generate two-and three-dimensional holographic *** show that phaseamplitude metasurfaces enable a few features not attainable in phase-only holography;these include creating artifactfree two-dimensional holographic images,encoding phase and amplitude profiles separately at the object plane,encoding intensity profiles at the metasurface and object planes separately,and controlling the surface textures of three-dimensional holographic objects.

关键词： holographic phase complete

Demographic Origins of the Great Recession:Implications for china

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china & World Economy 2013年第2期21卷 97-118页

作者： Rafael Gomez Danielle lamb centre for Industrial Relations and Human Resources University of Toronto Ted Rogers School of Management Ryerson University

The demographic dividend, that is, the growth of the working age population aged 16years relative to younger and older age dependents, has often been cited as a crucial component of the accelerated economic growth experienced by disparate countries and regions at different points in time. Generally less emphasized are the ramifications of this proeess when it occurs in reverse; that is, when the relative size of the working age population begins to shrink. Related to this is the more subtle effect of changes to the age structure of the overall working age population, which can have compounding or offsetting effects in relation to the demographic dividend noted above. This paper explores how these age-related phenomena were instrumental to both the Great Depression and the Great Recession of 2008. We explore how the generational eomposition of economic actors and the aging of the baby-boom worker may have played a role in provoking these remarkable recessionary periods. The reversal of the demographic dividend and the aging of the working age population are factors now contributing to the propagation of the global economic downturn, as witnessed in the example of Japan over the past half-century. This paper applies the lessons of the Great Depression, the Great Recession and Japan to offer a forward-looking analysis of the chinese economy. china is on the precipiee of a significant demographic shift whose implications for economic growth are explored.

关键词： age structure demographic dividend economic growth financial crisis recession