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Dietary fibre effects and the interplay with exogenous carbohydrases in poultry nutrition

Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： Michael R.Bedford Birger Svihus aaron.j.cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingredients Ltd Norwegian University of Life Sciences DSM Nutritional Products

A comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary fibre in non-ruminant animal production is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibre coupled with significant analytical complexity,interact with poorly defined host and microbiome relationships. Dietary fibre is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage rate, nutrient absorption, microbiome taxonomy and function, gut p H, endogenous nutrient loss, environmental sustainability, animal welfare and more. Whilst significant gaps persist in our understanding of fibre in non-ruminant animal production, there is substantial interest in optimizing the fibre fraction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as improved welfare,live performance and to reduce the environmental footprint of animal production systems. In order to achieve these aspirational goals, it is important to tackle dietary fibre with the same level of scrutiny as is currently done for other critical nutrient classes such as protein, minerals and vitamins. The chemical,mechanical and nutritional role of fibre must be explored at the level of monomeric sugars, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of varying molecular weight and decoration, and this must be in parallel to standardisation of analytical tools and definitions for speciation. To further complicate subject, exogenous carbohydrases recognise dietary fibre as a focal substrate and have varying capacity to generate lower molecular weight carbohydrates that interact differentially with the host and the enteric microbiome. This short review article will explore the interactive space between dietary fibre and exogenous carbohydrases and will include their nutritional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, microbiome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibre Carbohydrase Nutrition Microbiome Gastro-intestinal development Feed

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Determining minimum sample size for the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling algorithm

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 530-539页

作者： Daniel D.SAURETTE Asim BISWAS Richard j.HECK Adam W.GILLESPIE aaron A.BERG School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs1 Stone Rd WestGuelph ON N1G 2Y4(Canada) Geography Environment&GeomaticsUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada)

In digital soil mapping(DSM),a fundamental assumption is that the spatial variability of the target variable can be explained by the predictors or environmental *** to adequately sample the predictors have been well documented,with the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS)algorithm receiving the most attention in the DSM *** advances in sampling design,a critical gap remains in determining the number of samples required for DSM *** propose a simple workflow and function coded in R language to determine the minimum sample size for the cLHS algorithm based on histograms of the predictor variables using the Freedman-Diaconis rule for determining optimal bin *** preprocessing was included to correct for multimodal and non-normally distributed data,as these can affect sample size determination from the *** on a user-selected quantile range(QR)for the sample plan,the densities of the histogram bins at the upper and lower bounds of the QR were used as a scaling factor to determine minimum sample *** technique was applied to a field-scale set of environmental covariates for a well-sampled agricultural study site near Guelph,Ontario,Canada,and tested across a range of *** results showed increasing minimum sample size with an increase in the QR *** sample size increased from 44 to 83 when the QR increased from 50% to 95% and then increased exponentially to 194 for the 99%*** technique provides an estimate of minimum sample size that can be used as an input to the cLHS algorithm.

关键词： bin width digital soil mapping normal distribution quantile range sampling design

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Trends in feed evaluation for poultry with emphasis on in vitro techniques

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 268-281页

作者： Faegheh Zaefarian aaron.j.cowieson Katrine Pontoppidan M.Reza Abdollahi Velmurugu Ravindran Monogastric Research Centre School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston North 4442New Zealand DSM Nutritional Products Wurmisweg 576KaiseraugstSwitzerland Novozymes A/S DK-2800 KgsLyngbyDenmark

Accurate knowledge of the actual nutritional value of individual feed ingredients and complete diets is critical for efficient and sustainable animal *** this reason,feed evaluation has always been in the forefront of nutritional *** evaluation for poultry involves several approaches that include chemical analysis,table values,prediction equations,near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy,in vivo data and in vitro digestion *** these,the use of animals(in vivo)is the most valuable to gain information on nutrient utilization and is more predictive of bird ***,in vivo methods are expensive,laborious and *** is therefore important to establish in vitro methods that are reliable,rapid and practical to assess the nutritional quality of feed ingredients or complete *** of the technique is crucial,as poor prediction will have a negative impact on bird performance and,increase feed cost and environmental *** this review,the relevance and importance of feed evaluation in poultry nutrition will be highlighted and the various approaches to evaluate the feed value of feed ingredients or complete diets will be *** in and practical limitations encountered in feed evaluation science,with emphasis on in vitro digestion techniques,will be discussed.

关键词： Poultry Feed evaluation In vivo assay In vitro techniques Protein Energy

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Balanced nutrient density for broiler chickens using a range of digestible lysine-to-metabolizable energy ratios and nutrient density:Growth performance,nutrient utilisation and apparent metabolizable energy

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 430-439页

作者： Reza Barekatain Luis F.Romero joséOtávio B.Sorbara aaron.j.cowieson South Australian Research and Development Institute Roseworthy CampusRoseworthySA5371Australia School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Roseworthy CampusUniversity of AdelaideSA5371Australia Animal Nutrition and Health DSM Nutritional ProductsKaiseraugst4303Switzerland

Currently,specific nutrient concentration,metabolizable energy(ME)and digestible amino acids are used as feed formulation criteria.A balanced nutrient density(BND)concept based on 2 criteria of nutrient density and balanced amino acids-to-ME ratio may offer more flexibility in optimisation of profit in formulation of diets compared with current formulation based on set values per unit of feed mass.A total of 672 one-d-old off-sex male Ross 308 broiler chickens were used across two 42-d performance trials in a 3×2 factorial arrangement of treatments with each diet replicated 8 times(14 birds per replicate).The experimental factors were 2 nutrient density levels(low[LD]and high[HD])and 3 digestible lysine-to-ME ratios(DLYS:ME;low,medium,and high).Low density diets had ME of 2,876 and 3,023 kcal/kg for starter and finisher,respectively,while values for HD diets were 3,169 and 3,315 kcal/kg with proportionally higher non-nitrogenated *** digestibility and apparent metaboliz-able energy(AME)assays were conducted at d 21 and *** assays at d 7 were conducted on birds used for performance *** of the diet density,birds fed low DLYS:ME had a lower(P<0.01)feed intake(d 0 to 42)than medium and high DLYS:*** interaction,birds fed low and medium DLYS:ME had a similar body weight gain being the heaviest while birds low DLYS:ME were the *** an interaction(P<0.05),the highest overall FCR value was observed for birds fed LD×low DLYS:ME and improved linearly when DLYS:ME increased to the highest level reaching a limit for birds fed HD×medium DLYS:*** conversion linearly decreased(P<0.001)with increments in DLYS:*** and ileal starch and protein digestibility were affected on d 21 and 42 but not on d 7 of *** the independence of response on BW and feed consumption,the use of BND as a flexible system in diet formulations has the potential to enable more accurate formulation for optimisation of growth performance

关键词： Nutrient density Metabolizable energy Lysine Digestibility Optimisation

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The influence of meat-and-bone meal and exogenous phytase on growth performance, bone mineralisation and digestibility coefficients of protein(N),amino acids and starch in broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第2期2卷 86-92页

作者： Sonia Y.Liu aaron.j.cowieson Peter H.Selle Poultry Research Foundation within the Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of meat-and-bone meal(MBM) and phytase inclusion on growth performance, bone mineralisation and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients in broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets. The feeding study comprised 7 dietary treatments: positive control(PC, 9.0% Ca and 4.5% available phosphorous [AvP] in starter, 7.0% Ca and 3.5% AvP in finisher); negative control(NC, 7.2% Ca and 3.0% AvP in starter, 5.2% Ca and 2.0% AvP in finisher) diets incorporating a 3 × 2 factorial array of 3 MBM inclusions(0, 60, 120 g/kg) and 2 levels of phytase supplementation(0 and 1,000 FYT/kg). Each treatment was allocated to 6 replicated pens with 30 birds per pen in an environmentally-controlled deep litter facility. A total of 1,260 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were offered starter diets from 1 to 14 days post-hatch and finisher diets from 15 to 36 days posthatch. There were significant(P < 0.05) interactions between MBM inclusions and phytase supplementation on weight gain and feed intake in starter diets. Phytase significantly increased weight gain in diets without MBM and did not influence weight gain in diets with 60 and 120 g/kg MBM. Collectively,increasing MBM inclusion significantly reduced weight gain in starter diets(P < 0.0001). There were dietary interactions(P < 0.01) on toe ash where phytase significantly improved toe ash in diet without MBM and did not influence toe ash in the other two groups of negative control diets. There were no dietary treatment interactions on apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of starch and protein except that diets without MBM had significantly(P < 0.01) lower ileal starch digestibility and diets with 120 g/kg MBM had significantly(P < 0.0001) lower ileal protein digestibility. No dietary influence on ileal fat digestibility was observed. There were dietary interactions on ileal digestibilities of isoleucine, valine and glycine. Phytase significantly increased glycine diges

关键词： Bone mineralisation Digestibility Meat-and-bone meal Protein Starch

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Protease supplementation reduced the heat increment of feed and improved energy and nitrogen partitioning in broilers fed maize-based diets with supplemental phytase and xylanase

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 19-25页

作者： Klint W.McCafferty Mingan Choct Sosthene Musigwa Natalie K.Morgan aaron.j.cowieson Amy F.Moss USDA-ARS Poultry Research Unit School of Environmental and Rural SciencesMississippi State39762United States University of New England ArmidaleNSW2351Australia DSM Nutritional Products Kaiseraugst4303Switzerland

An experiment was conducted to explore the effects of digestible amino acid(dAA)concentrations and supplemental protease on live performance and energy partitioning in *** 308 male broilers(n?288)were distributed into 24 floor pens and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates from 1 to 35 d of *** treatments consisted of a 2×2 factorial arrangement with dAA concentrations(standard and reduced[34 g/kg below standard])and supplemental protease(without or with)as the main *** 1,15,28,and 35 d of age,feed and broilerswereweighed to determine live ***20 to 23 d of age,a total of 32 birds(2 birds/chamber,4 replicates)were placed in closed-calorimeter chambers to determine respiratory exchange(heat production,HP),apparent metabolisable energy(AME),retained energy(RE),and net energy(NE).From 29 to 35 d of age,supplemental protease in the reduced-dAA diet decreased broiler feed conversion ratio(FCR)by 5.6 points,whereas protease supplementation in the standard-dAA diet increased FCR by 5.8 *** indirect calorimetry assay revealed that supplemental protease decreased(Pj/***,from 20 to 23 d of age,broilers offered the reduced-dAA diet with supplemental protease had a higher daily body weight gain(BWG)(t10.4%),N intake(t7.1%),and N retention(t8.2%)than those offered the standard-dAA with supplemental *** offered the reduced-dAA without supplemental protease exhibited a 3.6%higher AME-to-crude protein(CP)ratio than those offered other *** supplementation in the standard-and reduced-dAA diets resulted in 2.7%and 5.6%lower AME intake-to-N retention ratios,respectively,compared with the unsupplemented ***-dAA increased(P<0.05)AME intake(t4.8%),RE(t9.8%),NE intake(t5.8%),NE intake-to-CP ratio(t3.0%),and RE fat-to-RE ratio(t8.6%).Protease supplementation increased(P<0.05)respiratory quotient(t1.2%)and N retention-to-N intake ratio(t2.2%),

关键词： Exogenous enzyme Mono-component protease Net energy Amino acid

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The HIF-1α/PLOD2 axis integrates extracellular matrix organization and cell metabolism leading to aberrant musculoskeletal repair

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Bone Research 2024年第2期12卷 289-301页

作者： Heeseog Kang Amy L.Strong Yuxiao Sun Lei Guo Conan juan Alec C.Bancroft ji Hae Choi Chase A.Pagani Aysel A.Fernandes Michael Woodard juhoon Lee Sowmya Ramesh aaron W.james David Hudson Kevin N.Dalby Lin Xu Robert j.Tower Benjamin Levi Center for Organogenesis Regeneration and TraumaDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA Section of Plastic Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Quantitative Biomedical Research Center Peter O’Donnell Jr.School of Public HealthUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA

While hypoxic signaling has been shown to play a role in many cellular processes,its role in metabolism-linked extracellular matrix(ECM)organization and downstream processes of cell fate after musculoskeletal injury remains to be ***(HO)is a debilitating condition where abnormal bone formation occurs within extra-skeletal *** andhypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)activation have been shown to promote ***,the underlying molecular mechanisms bywhich the HIF-1αpathway in mesenchymal progenitor cells(MPCs)contributes to pathologic bone formation remain to ***,we used a proven mouse injury-induced HO model to investigate the role of HIF-1αon aberrant cell ***-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and spatial transcriptomics analyses of the HO site,we found that collagen ECM organizationis the most highly up-regulated biological process in *** mesenchymal cell-specific deletion of Hif1α(Hoxa11-CreER^(T2);Hif1a^(fl/fl))significantly mitigated HO in ***-seq analysis of these Hoxa11-CreER^(T2);Hif1a^(fl/fl)mice identified the PLOD2/LOXpathway for collagen cross-linking as downstream of the HIF-1αregulation of ***,our scRNA-seq data and mechanisticstudies further uncovered that glucose metabolism in MPCs is most highly impacted by HIF-1α*** a translational aspect,a pan-LOX inhibitor significantly decreased HO.A newly screened compound revealed that the inhibition of PLOD2 activity in MPCssignificantly decreased osteogenic differentiation and glycolytic *** suggests that the HIF-1α/PLOD2/LOX axis linked tometabolism regulates HO-forming MPC *** results suggest that the HIF-1α/PLOD2/LOX pathway represents a promisingstrategy to mitigate HO formation.

关键词： metabolism skeletal aberrant

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Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： joseph Rich Brian Cole Teng Li Brandon Lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.Smith jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong james L.Doherty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian aaron D.Franklin Tony jun Huang Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Deptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan Department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The addition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluidics has greatly advanced lab-on-a-chip applications due to their unique and powerful attributes,including high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and rapid ***,the development of SAW microfluidic devices is limited by complex and time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and vacuum-based *** simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluidic devices with customizable dimensions and functions,we utilized the additive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fabricated customized SAW microfluidic devices of varying materials,including silver nanowires,graphene,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS).To characterize and compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed SAW microfluidic devices with their cleanroom-fabricated counterparts,the wave displacements and resonant frequencies of the different fabricated devices were directly measured through scanning laser Doppler ***,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed devices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully conducted acoustic streaming and particle concentration ***,we demonstrated a novel solution-based,direct-write,single-step,cleanroom-free additive manufacturing technique to rapidly develop SAW microfluidic devices that shows viability for applications in the fields of biology,chemistry,engineering,and medicine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

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Integrated proteomic profiling identifies amino acids selectively cytotoxic to pancreatic cancer cells

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 138-145页

作者： Alfred Akinlalu Zachariah Flaten Komila Rasuleva Md Saimon Mia aaron Bauer Santhalingam Elamurugan Nega Ejjigu Sudipa Maity Amara Arshad Min Wu Wenjie Xia jia Fan Ang Guo Sijo Mathew Dali Sun Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Denver2155 E Wesley AvenueDenverCO 80210USA Biomedical Engineering Program North Dakota State University1401 Centennial BoulevardEngineering AdministrationRoom 203FargoND 58102USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyNorth Dakota State University1001 S.1401 Albrecht Boulevard Sudro HallFargoND 58102USA Materials and Nanotechnology Program North Dakota State University1410 North 14th AvenueCIE 201FargoND 58102USA Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang 325000China Department of Aerospace Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics Tulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane AvenueNew OrleansLA 70112USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane AvenueNew OrleansLA 70112USA Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging University of Denver2155 E Wesley AvenueDenverCO 80210USA

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is one of the most deadly cancers,characterized by extremely limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis,as it is often diagnosed during late disease *** and selective treatments are urgently needed,since current therapies have limited efficacy and significant side *** proteomics analysis of extracellular vesicles,we discovered an imbalanced distribution of amino acids secreted by PDAC tumor *** findings revealed that PDAC cells preferentially excrete proteins with certain preferential amino acids,including isoleucine and histidine,via extracellular *** amino acids are associated with disease progression and can be targeted to elicit selective toxicity to PDAC tumor *** in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that supplementation with these specific amino acids effectively eradicated PDAC ***,we also identified XRN1 as a potential target for these amino *** high selectivity of this treatment method allows for specific targeting of tumor metabolism with very low toxicity to normal ***,we found this treatment approach is easy-to-administer and with sustained tumor-killing ***,our findings reveal that exocytosed amino acids may serve as therapeutic targets for designing treatments of intractable PDAC and potentially offer alternative treatments for other types of cancers.

关键词： finding identif selectivity

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Influence of barley inclusion method and protease supplementation on growth performance,nutrient utilisation,and gastrointestinal tract development in broiler starters

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 61-70页

作者： L.M.Tari W.N.U.Perera F.Zaefarian M.R.Abdollahi A.j.cowieson V.Ravindran Monogastric Research Centre School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPrivate Bag 11222Palmerston North4442New Zealand Department of Animal Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of PeradeniyaPeradeniya20400Sri Lanka DSM Nutritional Products Wurmisweg 576KaiseraugstSwitzerland

The influence of the method of barley inclusion(fine,coarse and whole barley)in a wheat-based diet and protease supplementation(0 and 0.20 g/kg)on growth performance,nutrient utilisation and gastrointestinal tract development of broilers(d 1 to 21)was evaluated in a 32 factorial *** barley(WB)grains were ground in a hammer mill to pass through the screen sizes of 2.5 and 8.0 mm to achieve fine(FB)and coarse(CB)barley particle sizes,respectively.A total of 288,one-day-old male broilers were allotted to 36 cages(6 cages/treatment;8 birds/cage).There was no significant(P>0.05)interaction between barley inclusion method and protease for any growth performance or nutrient utilisation *** fed diets containing CB and WB showed higher(P0.05)on growth performance and nutrient utilisation,most likely due to the well balanced digestible amino acids and high inherent digestibility of protein in the basal diet,and/or the presence of exogenous carbohydrase and *** conclusion,the present results showed that the inclusion of coarsely ground and whole barley in a wheat-based diet can enhance nutrient and energy utilisation and is beneficial to the growth performance of young broilers.

关键词： Barley Broiler Particle size Protease Whole grain

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