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Safety Analysis of the Eco-Approach and Departure Application at a Signalized Corridor

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2018年第2期23卷 157-171页

作者： Weixia Li Guoyuan Wu Yi Zhang Matthew j. Barth Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. Bourns College of Engineering-Center for Environmental research and Technology (CE-CErT) University of California Riverside CA 92507 USA.

Various intelligent transportation systems and strategies for reducing vehicle fuel consumption and emissions have been developed. Energy and emissions could be reduced with the compromise of travel time in some environment-focused Connected Vehicle(CV) applications, which highlighted performance measures in terms of mobility and sustainability. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on safety assessment of such CV applications. In this study, a CV-based eco-driving application, namely, Eco-Approach and Departure(EAD), is selected as an example. A microscopic safety analysis tool, Surrogate Safety Assessment Model(SSAM), is utilized to assess the safety influence of EAD application in multiple scenarios. Further analysis is performed from two perspectives:(1) application users, i.e., EAD-equipped vehicles versus unequipped vehicles; and(2) traffic operators, i.e., overall traffic performance with and without the introduction of EAD. For each perspective, conflict statistics(e.g., frequency, time-to-collision distribution), overall and by type, are analyzed. results indicate EAD is beneficial in improving the safety performance of equipped vehicles. The influence of EAD on overall traffic is scenario dependent, and a high penetration rate shows positive effects on network-wide safety benefits for most scenarios.

关键词： Eco-Approach and Departure(EAD) Surrogate Safety Assessment Model(SSAM) safety analysis conflict type Time-To-Collision(TTC)

What are extreme environmental conditions and how do organisms cope with them？

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 363-374页

作者： j.hn C. WINGFIELD j. Patrick KELLEY Frederic ANGELIEr Department of Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A

Severe environmental conditions affect organisms in two maj.r ways. The environment may be predictably severe such as in deserts, polar and alpine regions, or individuals may be exposed to temporarily extreme conditions through weather, presence of predators, lack of food, social status etc. Existence in an extreme environment may be possible, but then to breed or molt in addition can present maj.r bottlenecks that have resulted in the evolution of hormone-behavior adaptations to cope with unpredictable events. Examples of hormone-behavior adaptations in extreme conditions include attenuated testosterone secretion because territoriality and excess courtship may be too costly when there is one opportunity to reproduce. The individual may even become insensitive to testosterone when target areas of the brain regulating reproductive behavior no longer respond to the hormone. A second example is reduced sensitivity to glucocorticoids following acute stress during the breeding season or molt that allows successful reproduction and/or a vital renewal of the integument to endure extreme conditions during the rest of the year. reduced sensitivity could involve：（a） modulated response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, （b） reduced sensitivity to high glucocorticoid levels, or （c） a combination of （a） and （b）. Moreover, corticosteroid binding proteins （CBP） buffer responses to stress by reducing the movement of glucocorticoids into target cells. Finally, intracellular enzymes （11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and variants） can deactivate glucocorticoids entering cells thus reducing interaction with receptors. These mechanisms have important implications for climate change and increasing extremes of weather [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 363-374, 2011].

关键词： Extreme environment Habitat configuration Glucocorticoids Stress response Corticosteroid-binding proteins Behavior

Accurate Gain Flattening Filters Manufactured by Optical Compensation Monitoring Method

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 -页

作者： j. j. Pan j.mes Guo j.y j.ang Lightwaves 2020 Inc. 1323 Great Mall Drive Milpitas CA 95035 USALightwaves 2020 Inc. 1323 Great Mall Drive Milpitas CA 95035 USALightwaves 2020 Inc. 1323 Great Mall Drive Milpitas CA 95035 USA

GFFs with less than 0.4 dB peak-to-peak error functions are routinely fabricated using commercially available coating machines by utilizing the natural error compensation mechanism of wavelength variable turning point... 详细信息

关键词： that in of on by GFF Accurate Gain Flattening Filters Manufactured by Optical Compensation Monitoring Method for than

A Novel Multi-Channel Dispersion Slope Compensator Using Sampled FBG

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 -页

作者： j. j. Pan Claire Gu Albert Li Lightwaves 2020 Inc. 1323 Great Mall Drive Milpitas CA 95035 USADepartment of Electrical Engineering University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA 95064 USALightwaves 2020 Inc. 1323 Great Mall Drive Milpitas CA 95035 USA

A novel dispersion slope compensator is proposed and fabricated using a sampled fiber grating. The dispersion slope of this compensator is demonstrated to match that of Coming LS fiber for a multi-channel 50GHz WDM sy... 详细信息

关键词： A Novel Multi-Channel Dispersion Slope Compensator Using Sampled FBG in for as WDM with GHz

Momentum Transport in DIII-D Discharges with and Without Magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） Activity

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Plasma Science and Technology 2009年第1期11卷 127-130页

作者：任启龙 M. S. CHU L. L. LAO H. St. j.HN r. LAHAYE Y. M. j.ON 张澄周登李国强 j. M. PArK j. S. DEGrASSIE Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China General Atomics San Diego CA USA Oak ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak Ridge TN USA Oak ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA

Two phases of a DIII-D discharge with and without magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） activity are analysed using ONETWO code. The toroidal momentum flux is extracted from experimental data and compared with the predictions by neoclassical theory, Gyro-Landau fluid transport model （GLF23） and Multi-Mode model （MMM95）. It is found that without MHD activities GLF23 and MMM95 provide a reasonable description while with MHD activity no model alone can fully describe the experimental momentum flux. For the phase with MHD activity a simple model of resonant magnetic drag is tested and it cannot fully explain the plasma slowing down observed in experiment.

关键词： toroidal rotation MHD activity magnetic drag

A Light-Independent Allele of Phytochrome B Faithfully recapitulates Photomorphogenic Transcriptional Networks

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Molecular Plant 2009年第1期2卷 166-182页

作者： Wei Hu Yi-Shin Su j. Clark Lagarias Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology College of Biological Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Present address: carnegie Institution of Washington -Department of Plant Biology Stanford CA 94305 USA

Dominant gain-of-function alleles of Arabidopsis phytochrome B were recently shown to confer lightindependent, constitutive photomorphogenic （cop） phenotypes to transgenic plants （Su and Lagarias, 2007）. In the present study, comparative transcription profiling experiments were performed to assess whether the pattern of gene expression regulated by these alleles accurately reflects the process of photomorphogenesis in wild-type Arabidopsis. Whole- genome transcription profiles of dark-grown phyAphyB seedlings expressing the Y^276H mutant of phyB （YHB） revealed that YHB reprograms about 13% of the Arabidopsis transcriptome in a light-independent manner. The YHB-regulated transcriptome proved qualitatively similar to but quantitatively greater than those of wild-type seedlings grown under 15 or 50 μmol m^-2 m^-1 continuous red light （rc）. Among the 2977 genes statistically significant two-fold （SSTF） regulated by YHB in the absence of light include those encoding components of the photosynthetic apparatus, tetrapyrrole/pigment biosynthetic pathways, and early light-responsive signaling factors. Approximately 80% of genes SSTF regulated by rc were also YHB-regulated. Expression of a notable subset of 346 YHB-regulated genes proved to be strongly attenuated by rc, indicating compensating regulation by phyC-E and/or other rc-dependent processes. Since the maj.rity of these 346 genes are regulated by the circadian clock, these results suggest that phyA- and phyB-independent light signaling pathway（s） strongly influence clock output. Together with the unique plastid morphology of dark-grown YHB seedlings, these analyses indicate that the YHB mutant induces constitutive photomorphogenesis via faithful reconstruction of phyB signaling pathways in a light-independent fashion.

关键词： light signaling signal transduction transcriptome analysis photomorphogenesis Arabidopsis phytochrome.

A COMPACT UPWIND SECOND OrDEr SCHEME FOr THE EIKONAL EQUATION

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j.urnal of Computational Mathematics 2010年第4期28卷 489-516页

作者： j.-D. Benamou Songting Luo Hongkai Zhao INrIA INRIA B.P. 105 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex France Department of Mathematics Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Mathematics University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA

We present a compact upwind second order scheme for computing the viscosity solution of the Eikonal equation. This new scheme is based on： 1. the numerical observation that classical first order monotone upwind schemes for the Eikonal equation yield numerical upwind gradient which is also first order accurate up to singularities; 2. a remark that partial information on the second derivatives of the solution is known and given in the structure of the Eikonal equation and can be used to reduce the size of the stencil. We implement the second order scheme as a correction to the well known sweeping method but it should be applicable to any first order monotone upwind scheme. care is needed to choose the appropriate stencils to avoid instabilities.

关键词： Eikonal equation Upwind scheme Hamilton-j.cobi Viscosity Solution Sweeping method.

Effect of phytase on phosphorous balance in 20-kg barrows fed low or adequate phosphorous diets

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第1期6卷 9-15页

作者： Tsung Cheng Tsai robert Dove Michael r.Bedford Michael j.Azain Animal&Dairy Science Department University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602United States AB-VISTA Feed Ingredients MarlboroughWiltsMG SN84ANUnited Kingdom Department of Animal Science University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701United States

The effects of phytase on phosphorus(P)digestibility are well ***,there are few studies that report P balance,particularly when phytase is used in diets that have adequate or deficient *** main obj.ctive of the study was to determine the effect of dietary P levels and exogenous phytase on P balance in growing *** first part of the experiment was a 14-d metabolism study conducted with 80 barrows(initial body weight 18.5±0.5 kg)with a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement of treatments and main effects of available P(0.13%available P,low P[Low-P]diet;0.35%available P,adequate P[Adeq-P]diet)and phytase(0,250,500,2,500,and 12,500 U/kg).A portion of the pigs(n=24)fed the Low-P diet,with0,500,2,500,12,500 U/kg phytase,and those fed the Adeq-P diet,with 0 and 12,500 U/kg phytase,remained on test diets for another 4 d,and tissues were collected for determination of bone characteristics and tissue P *** was a P×phytase interaction for P retention that was accounted for by a lack of re sponse to phytase in pigs fed the Adeq-P *** of P was greater with incremental levels of phytase in pigs fed Low-P diets as compared to those fed Adeq-P diets(P level x phytase,Pcalcium(ca.retention was greater in pigs fed Adeq-P diets(P level x phytase Prent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of P was improved by phytase(Preater in pigs fed Adeq-P diets as compared to those fed Low-P diets(P=0.006).Metatarsal bone ash(quadratic,P=0.01)and strength(linear,P=0.03)was increased by phytase addition to the Low-P *** were no phytase or dietary P effects on P concentrations of the heart,kidney,liver,muscle,and *** results suggest that as compared to the effects in an Adeq-P diet,adding phytase to a Low-P diet was more effective at reducing the P and ca excretion and restoring average daily gain(ADG).The P released by phytase is absorbed and contributes to improved bone growth,greater rates of tissue accretion,a

关键词： Phosphorous Phytase Bone calcium Digestibility Tissue

Thrombospondin-1 Expression in rPE and Choroidal Neovascular Membranes

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眼科学报 2006年第4期22卷 265-274页

作者： Shikun He Francesca Incardona Manlin j. Stephen j. ryan David r. Hinton Departments of Pa.holog Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern Cdifornia Ophthalmology Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern Cdifornia Doheny Eye Institute Los A ngeles CA

Purpose: To investigate the expression of thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) in retinal pigment epithelium (rPE) and choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVMs) from patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Tissue sections from normal human fetal and adult eyes and surgically removed CNVMs were immunostained for TSP-1 localization. Polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to analyze TSP-1 mrNA and protein from human rPE cells, respectively. TSP-1 in the supernatant of cultured rPE cells and eye explants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MTT assay was used to evaluate the rPE survival after TSP-1 treatment. results: The strongest immunostaining for TSP-1 was observed in the rPE monolayer around drusen in early AMD. The intensity of TSP-1 staining in normal eye sections was much weaker than that of early AMD and CNVM. TSP-1 mrNA was positive in cultured fetal and adult rPE cells. There was increasing secretion of TSP-1 into the supernatant of cultured rPE and eye explants. The specific band of TSP-1 was identified by Western blot. No significant inhibition of rPE survival was found with the exposure to TSP-1. Conclusions: TSP-1 expression in drusen and CNVM was upregulated and associated with rPE monolayer. TSP-1 may be a natural negative regulator for choroidal neovascularization.

关键词： thrombospondin 1 retinal pigment epithelium choroidal neovascular membrane