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Composition and Properties of Maple Sap, Concentrate, and Permeate

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第1期10卷 32-45页

作者： a.by k. va. den berg Timothy D. Perk.ns Mark.L. Isselhardt Proctor Maple Research Center The University of Vermont Underhill VT USA The University of Vermont Extension Underhill VT USA

Reverse osmosis is used widely in the maple syrup industry to concentrate maple sap and increase the overall efficiency and profitability of syrup production. Sets of samples from maple producers utilizing a range of sap concentration levels were collected and analyzed to provide a portrait of the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of maple sap, concentrate, and permeate across a single production season. The results reinforce that reverse osmosis functions essentially as a concentration process, without significantly altering the fundamental proportions of sap constituents.

关键词： Maple Syrup Reverse Osmosis Membrane Separation Maple Sap

Identifying Sustainable Practices for Tapping and Sap Collection from Birch Trees: Optimum Timing of Tapping Initiation and the Volume of Nonconductive Wood Associated with Taphole Wounds

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 237-246页

作者： a.by k. va. den berg Mark.L. Isselhardt Timothy D. Perk.ns Proctor Maple Research Center The University of Vermont Underhill VT USA The University of Vermont Extension Underhill VT USA

Experiments were conducted to determine two pieces of information essential to identify practices necessary to ensure tapping trees for birch sap collection is both sustainable and profitable—the selection of the time to initiate tapping birch trees to obtain maximum yields, and the volume of nonconductive wood (NCW) associated with taphole wounds in birch trees. The yields obtained from va.ious timing treatments va.ied between sapflow seasons, but indicate that using test tapholes to choose the appropriate time to initiate tapping is lik.ly to result in optimum yields from birch trees. The volume of NCW associated with taphole wounds in birch trees was highly va.iable and generally quite large, averaging 220 times the volume of the taphole drilled, and requiring relatively high radial growth rates to maintain NCW at sustainable levels over the long-term. However, more conserva.ive tapping practices, including reduced taphole depth and increased dropline length, as well as thinning and other stand management practices, can be used to reduce the minimum growth rates required. Producers can use this information to ensure that they use tapping practices that will result in sustainable outcomes and obtain the maximum possible sap yields from their trees.

关键词： Birch Sap Birch Syrup Maple Syrup Tapping Compartmentalization

Fabrication of freestanding Pt nanowires for use as thermal anemometry probes in turbulence measurements

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第2期7卷 155-165页

作者： Hai Le-The Christian k.chler Albert va. den berg Eberhard Bodenschatz Detlef Lohse Dominik.k.ug Physics of Fluids Group MESA+InstituteUniversity of Twente7522 NBEnschedeThe Netherlands BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group MESA+InstituteUniversity of Twente7522 NBEnschedeThe Netherlands Max Planck.University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics GöttingenGermany Max Planck.Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization 37077GöttingenGermany

We report a robust fabrication method for patterning freestanding Pt nanowires for use as thermal anemometry probes for small-scale turbulence *** e-beam lithography,high aspect ratio Pt nanowires(~300 nm width,~70µm length,~100 nm thick.ess)were patterned on the surface of oxidized silicon(Si)*** wet etching processes with dry etching processes,these Pt nanowires were successfully released,rendering them freestanding between two silicon dioxide(SiO2)beams supported on Si ***,the unique design of the bridge holding the device allowed gentle release of the device without damaging the Pt *** total fabrication time was minimized by restricting the use of e-beam lithography to the patterning of the Pt nanowires,while standard photolithography was employed for other parts of the *** demonstrate that the fabricated sensors are suitable for turbulence measurements when operated in constant-current mode.A robust calibration between the output voltage and the fluid velocity was established over the velocity range from 0.5 to 5 m s−1 in a SF6 atmosphere at a pressure of 2 bar and a temperature of 21°*** sensing signal from the nanowires showed negligible drift over a period of several ***,we confirmed that the nanowires can withstand high dynamic pressures by testing them in air at room temperature for velocities up to 55 m s−1.

关键词： nanowires turbulence thermal

Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factors of 15 Fish Species from the Loémé River Basin (Mayombe, Republic of Congo)

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第12期13卷 883-893页

作者： Honest Freedom Poaty Ngot Victor Mamonek.ne Armel Ibala Zamba Leendert va. den berg César Ngoulou Dabney Matok. k.uediatouk. Aulne Lérège Batiabo Mik.mbi Hélène Dembe Louvinguila Tenda Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles IRSEN Brazzaville République du Congo Faculté de Sciences et Techniques (FST) Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomie et de Foresterie (ENSAF) Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo Institut Nationale de Recherche Agronomique (IRA) Brazzaville République du Congo Groupe va. den berg Project Management B.V. Utrecht Netherlands Centre National d’Inventaire et d’Aménagement des Ressources Forestières et Fauniques (CIARF) Brazzaville République du Congo

Length-weight relationships and condition factors are among the commonly used parameters to link.the length of a fish to its weight. The present study was initiated to find out the growth patterns and overweight status of 15 fish species in the Loémé basin in Mayombe, Republic of Congo. In the period from February 2020 to September 2021, sampling was carried out in eight stations, following a standardised capture method using four gillnets of 10, 12, 15, and 25 mm mesh size and a hawk.net of 1.90 m radius with 10 mm mesh size. Length-weight relationships were calculated according to P = aLSb and the condition factor, using k.= (P/LSb)* 100. A total of 1153 specimens representing 15 species, 10 genera and 6 families were recorded. The number of specimens ranged from 10 to 214 for Chrysichthys auratus and Enteromius camptacanthus, respectively. The allometry coefficient b minimum of 2.697 for Chromidotilapiamelaniae and maximum of 3.589 for Garraornata, with a mean of 3.03 ± 0.2 is significantly not different from 3 at the 0.05 probability threshold and indicates isometric growth for almost all species, except for E. camptacanthus where b = 2.858 was statistically different from 3 at the same threshold. The positive and high va.ues of the coefficients of determination r2 = 0.787-0.989 of the species, obtained during this study, suggest that weight increases with size in the fish of the Loémé basin. The average condition factor va.ies from 0.524 ± 0.064 for G. ornata to 4.917 ± 0.440 for C. melaniae.

关键词： Fish Growth Overweight Loémé River Basin Lower Guinea

Phylogenetic placement of lichenicolous Phoma species in the Phaeosphaeriaceae(Pleosporales,Dothideomycetes)

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第4期55卷 195-213页

作者： James D.Lawrey Paul Diederich Matthew P.Nelsen Colin Freebury Dries va. den Broeck.Masoumeh Sik.roodi Damien Ertz Department of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University4400 University DriveFairfaxVA 22030-4444USA Musée national d’histoire naturelle 25 rue MunsterL-2160 LuxembourgLuxembourg Committee on Evolutionary Biology University of Chicago1025 E.57th StreetChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Botany The Field Museum1400 S.Lake Shore DriveChicagoIL 60605USA Canadian Museum of Nature P.O.Box 3443Station DOttawaON K1P 6P4Canada Jardin Botanique National de Belgique Domaine de BouchoutB–1860 MeiseBelgium

More than twenty species of lichenicolous fungi have been described in Phoma,a large anamorphic genus of primarily plant-associated pathogens with broad geographic *** obtained nuclear and mitochondrial rDNA sequences from 19 fungal cultures isolated from specimens representing four described and two undescribed lichenicolous species in the *** multilocus phylogeny indicates that lichenicolous Phoma species represent at least two phylogenetically distinct clades in the Phaeosphaeriaceae,one including a new species,Phoma puncteliae,isolated from a specimen of Punctelia rudecta collected inMaryland,USA,and another group of primarily lichenicolous *** latter group includes four described lichenicolous Phoma species,an unidentified melanized rock.fungus,and a new lichenicolous Phoma species isolated from Xanthomendoza species collected in Canada that we are naming *** specimens in this clade collected from different lichen genera and species were found to be very similar genetically,which calls into question the recent practice of recognizing lichenicolous Phoma species mainly by differences in host preference.

关键词： Anamorphic fungi Coelomycetes Conidial fungi Parasitic fungi

活动性及非活动性青少年特发性关节炎病人膝关节的动态增强MRI曲线形态特征的逐像素分析

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国际医学放射学杂志 2014年第5期 498-498页

作者： R.Hemk. C.Lavini C.M.Nusman J.M.va. den berg k.M.Dolman D.Schonenberg-Meinema 卢楠 Department of Radiology Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 91105AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands

摘要目的比较临床活动性和非活动性青少年特发性关节炎(JIA)病人膝关节的动态增强 MRI 参数以及通过逐像素分析 DCE-MRI 时间-强度曲线(TIC)所得的相关数据。方

关键词：活动性 MRI 动态增强特发性像素像元

非增强MRI在诊断幼年特发性关节炎关节异常的准确性

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国际医学放射学杂志 2013年第5期 497-497页

作者： R.Hemk. T.W.k.ijpers J.M.va. den berg M.va. Veenendaal k.M.Dolman M.A.J.va. Rossum 蔡兆熙 Department of Radiology (G1-235) Academic Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam

摘要目的评价没有对比剂增强的MRI诊断幼年特发性关节炎(JIA)膝关节异常的诊断准确率和可靠性。方法前瞻性分析临床表现为急性膝关节受累的JIA病人的膝关节MRI,采用1 T的开放式磁体磁共振。MRI特征由2位阅读者按照JAMRIS系统独立进行评... 详细信息

摘要目的评价没有对比剂增强的MRI诊断幼年特发性关节炎(JIA)膝关节异常的诊断准确率和可靠性。方法前瞻性分析临床表现为急性膝关节受累的JIA病人的膝关节MRI,采用1 T的开放式磁体磁共振。MRI特征由2位阅读者按照JAMRIS系统独立进行评价,第一位阅读者只阅读非增强影像,另一位阅读全部影像。结果对73例病人的影像进行分析,其敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值在钆增强(+Gd)与非钆增强(-Gd)两组的骨髓变化、软骨病变和骨侵蚀的MR评分有良好的一致性。-Gd组和+Gd组两组观察

关键词：幼年特发性关节炎 JIA 软骨病变骨侵蚀对比剂关节运动器官 MRI

弹簧圈治疗动脉瘤:根据MRA和动脉DSA表现确定进一步的治疗

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国际医学放射学杂志 2013年第1期 77-77页

作者： J.D.Schaafsma B.k.Velthuis R.va. den berg P.A.Brouwer C.B.L.M.Majoie F.Bark.of 刘丽华 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Rudolf Magnus Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center UtrechtHeidelberglaan 100PO Box 855003508 GA Utrechtthe Netherlands

目的评价MRA能否成为DSA的无创性替代手段,随访弹簧圈治疗颅内动脉瘤的病人是否需进一步治疗。材料与方法这项多中心研究经伦理委员会批准。对颅内动脉瘤弹簧圈治疗术后进行DSA随访的病人,在签署知情同意书后进行MRA检查。神经介入放射... 详细信息

目的评价MRA能否成为DSA的无创性替代手段,随访弹簧圈治疗颅内动脉瘤的病人是否需进一步治疗。材料与方法这项多中心研究经伦理委员会批准。对颅内动脉瘤弹簧圈治疗术后进行DSA随访的病人,在签署知情同意书后进行MRA检查。神经介入放射学家针对两种成像方法给予下一步的治疗建议(进一步治疗、继续随访或无需再进行随访)。采用加权κ检验分析根据DSA和MRA发现所确定治疗建议一致性和观察者间的一致性。结果根据DSA和MRA确定的治疗建议具有良好的一致性(κ=0.73;95%CI:0.66～0.80)。310例病人中有34例(11%)根据两种检查的表现需进一步治疗。6例病人(2%)根据DSA表现需进一步治疗,而MRA表现则需进一步随访;但这些病人中没有一例根据MRA表现而排除继续随访。另外6例病人(2%)根据MRA表现需进一步治疗,而DSA检查4例需进一步随访,1例无需再随访,1例病人不能确定。DSA检查后37例病人(12%)需继续随访,而MRA检查后有49例病人(16%)需继续随访(差异4%,95%CI:-0.6%～8.4%)。观察者间的一致性在DSA检查具有良好的一致性(κ=0.73;95%CI:0.64～0.82),而MRA检查具有中度的一致性(κ=0.53;95%CI:0.36～0.70)。结论根据MRA和DSA表现所确定的进一步治疗的病人比例总体相似,仅个别病例存在差异。因此,MRA可作为颅内动脉瘤弹簧圈治疗病人确定进一步治疗决策的随访手段。

关键词： MRA 病人 DSA 弹簧圈

弹簧圈治疗的颅内动脉瘤:随访MR血管成像检查特征——多中心研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2010年第5期 476-476页

作者： J.D.Schaafsma B.k.Velthuis C.B.L.M.Majoie R.va. den berg P.A.Brouwer F.Bark.of 廖海燕 Department of Neurology Rudolf Magnus Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Utrecht

关键词：弹簧圈 DSA MRA MR 颅内动脉瘤多中心研究血管成像