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fine root litter quality regulates soil carbon storage efficiency in subtropical forest soils

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Soil Ecology Letters 2023年第4期5卷 65-80页

作者： Shan Xu fanglong Su Emma J.Sayer Shu Kee Lam Xiankai Lu Chengshuai Liu Derrick Y.f.Lai Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510070China Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUnited Kingdom Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute P.O.Box 0843-03092BalboaAnconPanamaRepublic of Panama School of Agriculture and food The University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science&TechnologyGuangzhou 510650China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Centre for Environmental Policy and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina

●High-quality and low-quality root litter had contrasting patterns of mass loss.●Greater litter-derived C was incorporated into soils under high-quality root litter.●Root litter decay rate or litter-derived C were related to soil microbial diversity.●Root litter quality had little effect on soil physicochemical properties.●High root litter quality was the main driver of enhanced soil C storage *** root litter is a major contributor to soil carbon(C)storage in forest *** decomposition,the quality of root litter could play a critical role in soil C ***,it is unclear whether root litter quality influences soil C storage *** conducted a two-year greenhouse decomposition experiment using 13C-labeled fine root litter of two tree species to investigate how root litter quality,represented by C to nitrogen(C/N)ratios,regulates decomposition and C storage efficiency in subtropical forest soils in China.‘High-quality’root litter(C/N ratio=26)decayed faster during the first year(0−410 days),whereas‘low-quality’root litter(C/N ratio=46)decomposed faster toward the end of the two-year period(598−767 days).However,over the two years of the study,mass loss from high-quality root litter(29.14±1.42%)was lower than‘low-quality’root litter(33.01±0.54%).Nonetheless,root litter C storage efficiency(i.e.,the ratio of new root litter-derived soil C to total mineralized root litter C)was significantly greater for high-quality root litter,with twice as much litter-derived C stored in soils compared to low-quality root litter at the end of the *** litter quality likely influenced soil C storage via changes in microbial diversity,as the decomposition of high-quality litter declined with increasing bacterial diversity,whereas the amount of litter-derived soil C from low-quality litter increased with fungal *** results thus reveal that root litter quality mediates decomposition and C storage in subtropical forest soils in Ch

关键词： fine root litter quality root litter decomposition litter carbon storage efficiency soil organic carbon accumulation subtropical forest

Ultrastructural effect of sildenafil citrate on corpus cavernosum and other genital organs in female rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第1期5卷 37-41页

作者： K.Kilinc M.I.Gündüz B.H.Gümüs S.Vatansever f.Kaymaz Department of Urology University of Celal Bayar 45010 Manisa TurkeyDepartment of Urology University of Celal Bayar 45010 Manisa TurkeyDepartment of Urology University of Celal Bayar 45010 Manisa TurkeyDepartment of Histology University of Celal Bayar 45010 Manisa TurkeyDepartment of Histology University of Hacettepe Turkey

Aim: To determine the ultrastructural effects of sildenafil on the female genital organs. Methods: Twenty female cycling Wistar albino rats weighing 250±20 g were randomly divided into two groups of 10 each. Rats of one group were gavaged with 0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 of sildenafil 3 days in a week for 4 weeks and the other served as the controls. After cessation of treatment animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation under methoxyflurane anaesthesia. The clitoris, vagina, uterus and bartholin glands were taken at the estrous and were fixed with 10 % formalin solution for light microscopy and 2.5 % glutaraldehyde and osmic acid for electron microscopy. Results: Under the light microscope, the fibrocollageous tissue was found increased, the capillaries enlarged and the connecting tissue elements increased in the corpus cavernosum in the treated group. On electron microscopy, increased connective tissue, fibroblasts with notched nucleus, shorten immature collagen fibers without striation were seen. Abundant foldings and penetration with collagen bundles were observed in the basal membrane. Large connection complexes, especially gap junctions among the wide capillary endothelial cells were observed. Conclusion: There are evident histological changes due to sildenafil citrate in female rat corpus cavernosum. The clitoris and bartholin glands were the most effected organs. While the histopathological changes of clitoral tissue could be expected, an increase in the mass of bartholin gland was surprised.

关键词： sildenafil female clitoris histopathologic effects

Biosurfactant-assisted phytoremediation of potentially toxic elements in soil:Green technology for meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

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Pedosphere 2022年第1期32卷 198-210页

作者： Songita SONOWAL Amy R.NAVA Sanket J.JOSHI Siddhartha Narayan BORAH Nazim f.ISLAM Soumya PANDIT Ram PRASAD Hemen SARMA Department of Botany School of Life SciencesMahatma Gandhi Central UniversityMotihari 845401India Department of Molecular&Cellular Physiology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305SA Oil&Gas Research Center Central Analytical and Applied Research UnitSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat 123Oman Centre for the Environment Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahati 781039India Institutional Biotech Hub(IBT Hub) Department of BotanyNanda Nath Saikia CollegeTitabar 785630India Department of Life Sciences School of Basic Sciences and ResearchSharda UniversityGreater Noida 201306India

Biosurfactants are biomolecules produced by microorganisms, low in toxicity, biodegradable, and relatively easy to synthesize using renewable waste substrates. Biosurfactants are of great importance with a wide and versatile range of applications, including the bioremediation of contaminated sites. Plants may accumulate soil potentially toxic elements(PTEs), and the accumulation efficacy may be further enhanced by the biosurfactants produced by rhizospheric microorganisms. Occasionally, the growth of bacteria slows down in adverse conditions, such as highly contaminated soils with PTEs. In this context,the plant's phytoextraction capacity could be improved by the addition of metal-tolerant bacteria that produce biosurfactants. Several sources, categories,and bioavailability of PTEs in soil are reported in this article, with the focus on the cost-effective and sustainable soil remediation technologies, where biosurfactants are used as a remediation method. How rhizobacterial biosurfactants can improve PTE recovery capabilities of plants is discussed, and the molecular mechanisms in bacterial genomes that support the production of important biosurfactants are listed. The status and cost of commercial biosurfactant production in the international market are also presented.

关键词： bacterial genome metal-tolerant bacteria phytoextraction technology plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria rhizospheric microorganism

Pronuclear formation by ICSI using chemically activated ovine oocytes and zona pellucida bound sperm

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 370-377页

作者： J.E.Hernández-Pichardo Y.Ducolomb S.Romo M.E.Kjelland R.fierro f.Casillas M.Betancourt División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud Departamento de Producción Agrícola y AnimalUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-XochimilcoCiudad de MexicoMexico Division de Ciencias Biologicas y de la Salud Departamento de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaSan Rafael Atlixco 186CP 09340 Ciudad de MexicoMexico Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias Facultad de EstudiosSuperiores CuautitlanUNAMCiudad de MexicoEstado de MexicoMexico Conservation Genetics&BiotechLLCValley CityNDUSA Division de Ciencias Biologicas y de la Salud Departamento de Biologia de la ReproduccionUniversidad Autonoma Metropolitana-lztapalapaCiudad de MexicoMexico Doctorado en Biologia Experimental Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-lztapalapaCiudad de MexicoMexico

Background： In order to improve ICSI, appropiate sperm selection and oocyte activation is necessary. The objective of the present study was to determine the efficiency of fertilization using ICSI with chemically activated ovine oocytes and sperm selected by swim up（SU） or swim up ＋ zona pellucida（SU ＋ ZP） ***： Experiment 1, 4–20 replicates with total 821 in vitro matured oocytes were chemically activated with ethanol, calcium ionophore or ionomycin, to determine oocyte activation（precense of one PN）. Treatments showed similar results（54, 47, 42 %, respectively） but statistically differents（P 0.05）.Conclusions： Chemical activation induces higher ovine oocyte activation than mechanical activation. Ethanol slightly displays higher oocyte activation than calcium ionophore and ionomicine. Sperm selection with SU ＋ ZP increased AR/A and AR/D rates in comparison with SU in fresh and frozen-thawed sperm. According to this, in terms of fertilization rates, chemical activation after ICSI increased oocyte PN formation compared to mechanical activation. Also, fresh sperm treated with SU and SU ＋ ZP were significantly different than frozen-thawed sperm,but between sperm treatments no significant differences were obtained.

关键词： Ethanol ICSI Oocyte activation Ovine Pronucleus Zona pellucida

Graphene-calcium carbonate coating to improve the degradation resistance and mechanical integrity of a biodegradable implant

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 394-404页

作者： Lokesh Choudhary Parama Chakraborty Banerjee R.K.Singh Raman Derrek E.Lobo Christopher D.Easton Mainak Majumder frank Witte Jörg f.Löffler Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia Nanoscale Science and Engineering Laboratory(NSEL) Bldg 37Monash UniversityClayton CampusMelbourneVIC 3800Australia CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering Bayview AvenueClaytonVIC 3168Australia Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies Charité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Platz 113353 BerlinGermany Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology Department of MaterialsETH Zurich8093 ZurichSwitzerland

Biodegradable implants are critical for regenerative orthopaedic procedures,but they may suffer from too fast corrosion in human-body *** necessitates the synthesis of a suitable coating that may improve the corrosion resistance of these implants without compromising their mechanical *** this study,an AZ91 magnesium alloy,as a representative for a biodegradable Mg implant material,was modified with a thin reduced graphene oxide(RGO)-calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))composite *** analytical and in-vitro electrochemical characterization reveals that this coating significantly improves the corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity,and thus has the potential to greatly extend the related application field.

关键词： Graphene coating Biodegradable implant Hydroxyapatite Corrosion Magnesium alloy

QTL analysis of soft scald in two apple populations

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 117-123页

作者： Kendra A McClure Kyle M Gardner Peter MA Toivonen Cheryl R Hampson Jun Song Charles f forney John DeLong Istvan Rajcan Sean Myles Department of Plant and Animal Sciences Faculty of AgricultureDalhousie UniversityTruroB2N 5E3Nova ScotiaCanada Department of Plant Agriculture Crop Science BuildingUniversity of GuelphGuelphN1G 2W1OntarioCanada Agriculture and Agri-food Canada Fredericton Research and Development CentreFrederictonE3B 4Z7New BrunswickCanada Agriculture and Agri-food Canada Summerland Research and Development CentreSummerlandV0H 1Z0British ColumbiaCanada Agriculture and Agri-food Canada Kentville Research and Development CentreKentvilleB4N 1J5Nova ScotiaCanada

The apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)is one of the world’s most widely grown and valuable fruit *** demand for apples year round,storability has emerged as an important consideration for apple breeding *** scald is a cold storage-related disorder that results in sunken,darkened tissue on the fruit *** breeders are keen to generate new cultivars that do not suffer from soft scald and can thus be marketed year *** breeding approaches are protracted and labor intensive,and therefore marker-assisted selection(MAS)is a valuable tool for *** advance MAS for storage disorders in apple,we used genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)to generate high-density genetic maps in two f1 apple populations,which were then used for quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping of soft *** total,900 million DNA sequence reads were generated,but after several data filtering steps,only 2%of reads were ultimately used to create two genetic maps that included 1918 and 2818 single-nucleotide *** QTL associated with soft scald were identified in one of the bi-parental populations originating from parent 11W-12-11,an advanced breeding *** study demonstrates the utility of next-generation DNA sequencing technologies for QTL mapping in f1 populations,and provides a basis for the advancement of MAS to improve storability of apples.

关键词： breeding cultivar apple

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您喜欢勃拉姆斯吗？

作者： f.·萨冈(f. Sagan)

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28岁未成年

THE LIMITATION Of MATANSITIC INVARIANT HABIT PLANE AND MARTENSITE MORPHOLOGY

作者： black.f

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1996年第4期9卷 298-306页

作者： N.J. Gu, H.f. Peng, X. Y Song, f.X. Yin and E.X. Wang(Department of Material Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China

The strain tensor and displacement vector associated with lattice deformation were introduced to discuss the effect of self-accommodation and plastic accommodation in martensitic transformation,and the models for {557}_f and {3,10,15}_f martensite fomation were proposed, along with the experimental verification. It is considered that the invariant habit plane may result from the self-accommodation between different martensitic variants causing the internal twin structure. However, as the strength of parent phase is low enough for the plastic accommodation to occur the dislocation substructure in martensite be produced, in which case the invariant habit plane is difficult to form so the{225}_f and {557}_f habit planes are difficult to explain by the phenomenological crystallographic theory. So,there are some limitations for the martensitic invariant habit *** the present work the authors also suggest that the martensite morphology depends on the competition between self-accommodation and plastic accommodation including factors not only of strength but also of structure of the parent phase However, when the density of crystal defects is high dislocations rather than twinned martensite will form in spite of the higher strength of the parent phase.

关键词： rystallography,martensitic transformation martensite morPhology