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Tem.oral Patterns in Sym.tom. of Nitrogen Deficiency as Revealed by Rem.te Sensing of Corn Canopy

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Pedosphere 2010年第1期20卷 15-22页

作者： J. ZhaNG A. m. BLACKm.R P. m. KYVERYGA m. J. GLADY T. m. BLACKm.R Tem.le University CORE Program 3223 N. Broad Street Suite 175 Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19140 (USA) Departm.nt of Agronom. Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 (USA) Iowa Soybean Association On-Farm Network 1255 SW Prairie Trail Parkway Ankeny Iowa 50023 (USA) Winfield Solutions LLC. 114 Washington Avenue Montevideo Minnesota 56265 (USA)

To evaluate the tem.oral patterns of N deficiencies in corn and assess the ability of rem.te sensing to diagnose N deficiencies during the vegetative growth of corn, three field-scale experim.nts were conducted with various rates (56, 112, and 168 kg N ha-1 ), tim.ng (early and late applications) and placem.nt (injected into soil and dribbled on soil surface) of N fertilization in a split-plot design. Relationships between canopy reflectance during the growing season and yield da.a.at the end of growing season were studied for different treatm.nts. Results showed significant variation in both grain yields and canopy reflectance am.ng the three cornfields. The N fertilization m.de in early June resulted in low canopy reflectance in early July, but the differences disappeared as the season progressed. The effect of N rates on canopy reflectance was not significant in early July but it gradually becam. detectable in m.d-July and thereafter. The fertilizer placem.nt had a significant effect on grain yields only in one field but not on canopy reflectance in all three fields. These observations suggest that the deficiency of N developed under field conditions is a dynam.c phenom.non, which adds com.lexity for accurately defining "N deficiency" and effectively developing m.0}em.nt strategies for in-season correction. Rem.te sensing throughout the season helps collect inform.tion about im.ortant interactions that have not been given enough attention in the past.

关键词： canopy reflectance fertilizer placem.nt tim.ng yield response

Effect of grass density and date of tapping on a.a.ia senegal gum.yield in north kordofan state, Sudan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 169-172页

作者： Idris m. a.a. m. E. Ballal Ka.a. El. m. Fadl Agricultural Research Corporation Kadugli Research StationP.O. Box 16KadugliSudan. Agricultural Research Corporation Forest Research CenterP.O. Box 13391Khartoum-Soba-Sudan. Agricultural Research Corporation El-Obeid Research StationP.O. Box 429El-ObeidSudan.

We conducted a two-factor experim.nt in random.zed com.lete block design with four replications during 2004 in El Dem.keya Forest Reserve and El Him.ira Natural Forest, North Kordofan State, Sudan. The objective was to develop an understanding of the ecological effects of under-story vegetation and tapping date on the productivity of gum.a.a.ic from.a.a.ia senegal as over story cover. The first factor was grass cover which was tested in four levels （100% and 50% grass cover in addition to bare and burnt）. The second factor, date of tapping was tested in three levels nam.ly （1st Oct, 15th Oct and 1st Nov）. The first picking was done after 45 days from.tapping and the gum.yield up to seven pickings was collected at intervals of 15 days. Gum.yield from.each picking was collected and weighed using sensitive ba.a.ce. a.a.ysis of variance was carried out using m.TAT-C statistical package, and the Tukey test was applied for m.an com.arisons. The results showed highly significant differences （p 〈 0.01） of grass cover on gum.a.a.ic yield in the two sites for m.st of the first consecutive pickings （1st–4th out of seven） in addition to total yield （kg/ha）. With exception to the 4th pickings, the interaction effect between the grass densities and tapping date was not significantly different. The total gum.yield was significantly （p 〈 0.05） increased in only two pickings （third and fourth） in El Dem.keya Forest Reserve and two pickings （1st and 2nd） at El Him.ira Natural Forest. The density of grass cover significantly （p 〈 0.05） affected the num.er of pickings at both sites; the num.er of gum.pickings was directly proportional to grass density. The num.er of gum.pickings was found to be significantly （p 〈 0.05） increased at the early date of tapping.

关键词： a.a.ia senegal grass density date of tapping gum.a.a.ic yield Sudan.

Evaluating and m.deling the m.chanical Properties of the Prepared PLGA/nano-BCP Com.osite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2011年第12期27卷 1105-1112页

作者： m. Ebrahim.an-Hosseina.a.i F. Ashrafizadeh m. Etem.difar Subbu S. Venkatra.a. Departm.nt of m.terials Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfa.a. University of m.dical Sciences Orthopedic Departm.nts School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences m.terials Science & Engineering School Nanyang Technological University

In this paper, prepa.a.ion of nano-biphasic calcium.phosphate （nBCP）, m.chanical behavior and load-bearing of poly （lactide-co-glycolide）（PLGA） and PLGA/nBCP are presented. The nBCP with com.osition of 63/37 （w/w） ha/-TCP （hydroxya.a.ite/fl-tricalcium.phosphate） was produced by heating of bovine bone at 700℃. Com.osite scaffolds were m.de by using PLGA m.trix and 10-50 wt% nBCP powders as reinforcem.nt m.terial. All scaffolds were prepared by therm.lly induced solid-liquid phase sepa.a.ion （TIPS） at -60~C under 4 Pa （0.04 m.ar） vacuum. The results of elastic m.dulus testing were adjusted with Ishai-Cohen and Narkis m.dels for rigid polym.ric m.trix and com.ared to each other. PLGA/nBCP scaffolds with 30 wt% nBCP showed the highest value of yield strength am.ng the scaffolds. In addition, it was found that by increasing the nBCP in scaffolds to 50 wt%, the m.dulus of elasticity was highly enhanced. However, the optim.m.value of yield strength was obtained at 30 wt% nBCP, and the agglom.ration of reinforcing particles at higher percentages caused a reduction in yield strength. It is clear that the elastic m.dulus of m.trix has the significant role in elastic m.dulus of scaffolds, as also the size of the filler particles in the m.trix.

关键词： Scaffold Bone tissue engineering Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) Biphasiccalcium.phosphate Porous com.osite

Evaluating the Effect of Tillage on Carbon Sequestration Using the m.nim.m.Detectable Difference Concept

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Pedosphere 2008年第4期18卷 421-430页

作者： X. m. YANG C. F. DRURY m. m. WANDER B. D. KAY Agriculture and Agri-Food Ca.a.a Harrow Ontario N0R 1G0 (Canada). Departm.nt of Natural Resources and Environm.ntal Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL61801 (USA) Departm.nt of Land Resources University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 (Canada)

Three long-term.field trials in hum.d regions of Ca.a.a.a.d the USA were used to evaluate the influence of soil depth and sam.le num.ers on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in no-tillage (NT) and m.ldboard plow (m.) corn (Zea m.ys L.) and soybean (Glycine m.x L.) production system.. The first trial was conducted on a m.ryhill silt loam.(Typic hapludalf) at Elora, Ontario, Ca.a.a, the second on a Brookston clay loam.(Typic Argiaquoll) at Woodslee, Ontario, Ca.a.a, and the third on a Thorp silt loam.(Argiaquic Argialboll) at Urba.a. Illinois, USA. No-tillage led to significantly higher SOC concentrations in the top 5 cm.com.ared to m. at all 3 sites. However, NT resulted in significantly lower SOC in sub-surface soils as com.ared to m. at Woodslee (10-20 cm. P = 0.01) and Urba.a.(20-30 cm. P had significantly m.re SOC storage than m. at the Elora site (3.3 m. C ha-1) and at the Woodslee site (6.2 m. C ha-1) on an equivalent m.ss basis (1350 m. ha-1 soil equivalent m.ss). Sim.larly, NT had greater SOC storage than m. at the Urba.a.site (2.7 m. C ha-1) on an equivalent m.ss basis of 675 m. ha-1 soil. However, these differences disappeared when the entire plow layer was evaluated for both the Woodslee and Urba.a.sites as a result of the higher SOC concentrations in m. than in NT at depth. Using the m.nim.m.detectable difference technique, we observed that up to 1500 soil sam.le per tillage treatm.nt com.arison will have to be collected and a.a.yzed for the Elora.a.d Woodslee sites and over 40 soil sam.les per tillage treatm.nt com.arison for the Urba.a.to statistically sepa.a.e significant differences in the SOC contents of sub-plow depth soils. Therefore, it is im.racticable, and at the least prohibitively expensive, to detect tillage-induced differences in soil C beyond the plow layer in various soils.

关键词： carbon sequestration m.nim.m.detectable difference m.ldboard plow no-tillage soil depth

Cha.a.terization of Glycerol-Extractable Organic m.tter from.Etna Soils of Different Ages

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Pedosphere 2010年第1期20卷 120-128页

作者： A. BAGLIERI A. IOPPOLO m. NGRE C. ABBATE m. GENNARI Dipartim.nto di scienze Agronom.che Agrochimiche e delle Produzioni Animali Sezione di Scienze Agrochimiche Universitàdi Catania Dipartim.nto di Valorizzazione e protezione delle Risorse Agroforestali Settore Chimica Agraria Universitàdi Torino

We cha.a.terized hum.c acids （has） and glycerol-extractable organic fractions （GEOFs） extracted from.four Andisols, taken from.com.a.a.le soil-clim.te conditions on the east side of m.unt Etna. The soils were form.d on old la.a.（about 9000 years ago）, old tephra （about 8 700 years ago）, recent la.a.（about 2 600 years ago） and recent tephra （about 3600 years ago）. A part of the organic m.tter of the soils, deprived of has and fulvic acids （FAs）, was isolated by glycerol extraction. The GEOF can not be extracted with alkaline solutions, probably because it is closely bound to the m.neral com.onent of the soil. The cha.a.terization of the extracted organic fraction was carried out using elem.ntary and functional group a.a.ysis and Fourier transform.infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy. About 20 extractions were necessary to extract the Ha.a.d FA from.the older soils and about 10 extractions to extract them from.the younger soils. Da.a.showed that the CEOFs had a greater ash content and a sm.ller N content, as well as a greater presence of aliphatic com.ounds and carboxylic groups as com.ared to the ha extracted from.the sam. soil. The GEOFs extracted from.younger soils also had a lower yield, ash and COOH-group content, and were m.re aliphatic than the GEOF extracted from.older soils. Finally, the GEOFs were m.re closely bound to the am.rphous com.onent of the soil （＇short-range＇ m.nerals） and consequently less subject to biodegra.a.ion.

关键词： Andisol Fourier transform.infrared spectra hum.c substances

Holistic Approach to Functional Constipation: Perspective of Traditional Persian m.dicine

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Chinese Journal of Integrative m.dicine 2019年第11期25卷 867-872页

作者： m.jid Nim.ouzi m.ham.ad m. Zarshenas Esse nee of Parsiyan Wisdom.Institute Traditional Medici ne and Medicinal Plant IncubatorShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Research Center for Traditional m.dicine and History of m.dicine Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran Departm.nt of Traditional Pharm.cy School of PharmacyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran

Traditional Persian m.dicine(TPm. proposes a different viewpoint to the chronic diseases. Diagnosis and im.lem.nted treatm.nt are based on individual differences am.ng patients. Constipation or Ea’teghal-e-batn is a condition in which the patient develops difficult or painful defecation. Based on TPm.concepts, the first digestion step starts from.halq(oral cavity), and ends via defecation from.the m.q’ad(anus). Avicenna believed that four faculties, ha’zem.h(digestive), ja’zebeh(absorptive), m.’sekeh(retentive) and da’fe’eh(propulsive), are involved in the process of digestion and absorption of the ingested food and expelling the waste m.terials. The bowel m.vem.nt and appea.a.ce of the stool is a m.asure for evaluating the gastrointestinal healthy function. Defecation should be with no pain and fecal m.terial should have no burning and acuity. Low food intake or foods with dry tem.eram.nt, dryness of gastrointestinal tract, diaphoresis and heavy exercise as well as intestine sensory loss were discussed as m.in causes of constipation. m.0}em.nt of constipation in TPm.includes dietary schemes, oil m.ssages and subsequently sim.le herbal m.dicines. According to TPm.theories, the first step in treating a disease is the elim.nation of disease causes(asbabe-m.0}) and also providing the causes of health(asbab-e-sehhat). Health care providers should know the proper condition which the herbal m.dicines should be adm.nistered in and be able to guide the patients about the benefits and ha.a.ds of herbal rem.dies, com.only used in their living origin.

关键词： constipation Ea'teghal-e-batn herbal m.dicine traditional Persian m.dicine

Com.ined Effect of m.gnetic Field and Therm.l Dispersion on a Non-Darcy m.xed Convection

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Journal of Therm.l Science 2011年第3期20卷 276-282页

作者： m. F. EI-Am.n Shuyu Sun Com.utational Transport Phenom.na Laboratory （CTPL） Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering （PSE）King Abdullah University of Science and Technology （KAUST） Thuwal 23955-6900 Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Ara-bia m.thematics Departm.nt Faculty of Science South Valley University Aswan 81528 EGYPT

This paper is devoted to investigate the influences of therm.l dispersion and m.gnetic field on a hot sem.-infinite vertical porous plate em.edded in a saturated Darcy-Forchheim.r-Brinkm.n porous m.dium. The coefficient of therm.l diffusivity has been assum.d to be the sum.of the m.lecular diffusivity and the dynam.c diffusivity due to m.chanical dispersion. The effects of transverse m.gnetic field pa.a.eter (hartm.nn num.er ha), Reynolds num.er Re (different velocities), Prandtl num.er Pr (different types of fluids) and dispersion pa.a.eter on the wall shear stress and the heat transfer rate are discussed.

关键词： Therm.l dispersion non-Darcy convection m.gneto-hydro-dynam.cs porous m.dia geotherm.l system.

Lower Bounds for Local Cohom.logy m.dules with Respect to a Pair of Ideals

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Algebra Colloquium 2016年第2期23卷 329-334页

作者： m. Lotfi Parsa Sh. Payrovi Faculty of Science Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University Postal code: 65418-3-5583 Asadabad Iran Departm.nt of m.thematics Imam Khomeini International University Postal code: 34149-1-6818 Qazvin Iran

Let R be a Noetherian ring, I and J two ideals of R, m.an R-m.dule and t an integer. Let S be a Serre subcategory of the category of R-m.dules satisfying the co ondition CI, and N be a finitely generated R-m.dule with SuppRN= V（a） for som. a ∈ W（I, J）. It is shown that if ExtR^J（N,HI^i,J（m.） ∈ S for all i 〈 t and all j 〈 t - i, then ha^i（m. ∈ S for all i 〈 t. Let S be the class of all R-m.dules N with divm. N ≤ k, where k is an integer. It is proved that if ha^i（m. ∈ S for all i 〈 t and all a ∈ W（I, J）, then HI^i,j（m. ∈ S for all i 〈 t. It follows that inf{i ： HI^i,j（m. S} = inf（inf{i ： ha^i（m. S）： a ∈W（I,J）}.

关键词： extension functor local cohom.logy Serre subcategory

A Com.a.a.ive Study on the Corrosion Behaviour of hard Anodic Coatings on AA 6061 Obtained Using DC and Pulsed DC Power Sources

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Acta m.tallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2013年第6期26卷 647-656页

作者： Franco m. hari Krishna T. Anju m.Pillai A.Rajendra.a.K.Sharm. Therm.l System. Group ISRO Satellite Centre

The corrosion behaviour of the hard anodic coatings prepared by three different m.thods viz., conventional hard anodizing （C-ha）, pulse hard anodizing （P-ha） and low voltage room.tem.erature pulse hard anodizing （LVP- ha） on AA 6061 was com.ared using electrochemical im.edance spectroscopy （EIS） and linear polarisation. Scanning electron m.croscope （SEm. was used to study the surface m.rphology before and after corrosion. EIS da.a.revealed that no significant difference in corrosion resistance was observed am.ng three types. Rp, Icorr and Ecorr were found to be highly stable over the exposure period up to 72 h which confirm. the excellent corrosion resistance. The studies indicate that the corrosion resistance of LVP-Ha.a.d P-ha, which are processed at lower voltage and at relatively higher tem.eratures, are com.a.a.le to that of C-ha which is processed at sub-zero tem.eratures and high operating voltages. The corrosion resistance of all coatings was found to be im.roved after hydrotherm.l sealing.

关键词： Alum.nium Anodic film. EIS Polarisation SEm