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Implications for fault reactivation and seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing

Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1081-1098页

作者： Zi-Han Sun Ming-Guang che Li-Hong Zhu Shu-Juan Zhang Ji-Yuan lu Chang-Yu Jin Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines School of Resources and Civil Engineering and Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Deep Engineering and Intelligent TechnologyNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChina Company LimitedBeijing100084China The Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Limited Company Daqing163458HeilongjiangChina

Evaluating the physical mechanisms that link hydraulic fracturing(HF) operations to induced earthquakes and the anticipated form of the resulting events is significant in informing subsurface fluid injection operations. Current understanding supports the overriding role of the effective stress magnitude in triggering earthquakes, while the impact of change rate of effective stress has not been systematically addressed. In this work, a modified critical stiffness was brought up to investigate the likelihood, impact,and mitigation of induced seismicity during and after hydraulic fracturing by developing a poroelastic model based on rate-and-state fraction law and linear stability analysis. In the new criterion, the change rate of effective stress was considered a key variable to explore the evolution of this criterion and hence the likelihood of instability slip of fault. A coupled fluid flow-deformation model was used to represent the entire hydraulic fracturing process in COMSOL Multiphysics. The possibility of triggering an earthquake throughout the entire hydraulic fracturing process, from fracturing to cessation, was investigated considering different fault locations, orientations, and positions along the fault. The competition between the effects of the magnitude and change rate of effective stress was notable at each fracturing stage. The effective stress magnitude is a significant controlling factor during fracturing events, with the change rate dominating when fracturing is suddenly started or stopped. Instability dominates when the magnitude of the effective stress increases(constant injection at each fracturing stage) and the change rate of effective stress decreases(the injection process is suddenly stopped). Fracturing with a high injection rate, a fault adjacent to the hydraulic fracturing location and the position of the junction between the reservoir and fault are important to reduce the Coulomb failure stress(CFS) and enhance the critical stiffness as

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Coulomb failure stress Rate-and-state fraction model Linear stability analysis Critical stiffness Seismically induced fault

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Protective effects of baffles with different positions,row spacings,heights on debris flow impact

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第7期21卷 2352-2367页

作者： SUN Xinpo cheN Min BI Yuzhang ZHENG lu che Chi XU Ao TIAN Zijian JIANG Zheyuan College of Civil Engineering Sichuan University of Science and EngineeringZigong 643000China College of Resources and Environment Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China School of Civil Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering&Environmental Safety Institute of Geotechnical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Beijing Urban Construction Science Technology Promoting Association Beijing 100055China SUSE-BZ Geoenvironmental Engineering Joint Laboratory Sichuan University of Science and EngineeringZigong 643000China

The baffle effectively slowed down debris flow velocity,reduced its kinetic energy,and significantly shortened the distance of debris flow ***,they are widely used for protection against natural hazards such as landslides and *** study,based on the threedimensional DEM(Discrete Element Method),investigated the impact of different baffle positions on debris flow *** flow velocity and kinetic energy variations were studied through single-factor *** baffle positions were preliminarily selected by analyzing the influence of the first-row baffle position on the impact force and accumulation mass of debris ***,based on the selected baffle positions and four factors influencing the effectiveness of baffle protection(baffle position(P),baffle height(h),row spacing(S_(r)),and angle of transit area(α)),an orthogonal design was employed to further explore the optimal arrangement of *** research results indicate that the use of a baffle structure could effectively slow down the motion velocity of debris flows and dissipate their *** the baffle is placed in the transit area,the impact force on the first-row baffle is greater than that when the baffle is placed in the deposition ***,when the baffle is placed in the transit area,the obstruction effect on debris flow mass is also greater than that when the baffle is placed in the deposition *** orthogonal experimental range analysis,when the impact on the first row of baffles is used as the evaluation criterion,the importance of each influencing factor is ranked asα>P>S_(r)>*** the mass of debris flow behind the baffle is regarded as the evaluation criterion,the rank is changed to P>α>S_(r)>*** experimental simulation results show that the optimal baffle arrangement is:P_(5),S_(r)=16,α=35°,h=9.

关键词： Debris flow Baffle Protective effect Discrete element

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Spatiotemporal variations in glacier area and surface velocity of the northern Antarctic Peninsula during 2018-2022

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 297-311页

作者： Yu-Long KANG Shi-Chang KANG Wan-Qin GUO Tao che zong-Li JIANG Zhen-Feng WANG Qiang-Qiang XU cheng-De YANG State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan 411201China

Ice sheet serves as a crucial indicator for assessing climate *** loss in recent remote sensing-based studies indicated that the Antarctic Peninsula has rapid rates of glacier retreat and speed up of surface ***,observations of seasonal variability of ice speed are limited,and glacier-area changes require multi-temporal *** study investigated the changes in area and surface velocities of∼375 glaciers on the northern Antarctic Peninsula(NAP)utilizing satellite images acquired by the Sentinel 1&2 satellites during *** results indicate that the glacier area reduced by approximately 166.1±44.2 km^(2)(-0.2%±0.1%per year)during the study period,with an acceleration after 2020(-0.4%±0.3%per year),and the most dramatic reduction happened on the eastern *** maximum annual ice speeds on the NAP generally exceeded 3500 m per year,while the ice speeds in 2021 were the highest(exceeded 4210 m per year).The ice speed variability in austral autumn was higher than in other seasons,meanwhile the summer ice speeds showed an increasing *** glacier G012158E47018N,McNeile Glacier,glacier G299637E64094S and Drygalski Glacier showed the most remarkable ice speed variations represented by high daily velocities and strong fluctuations on their *** results demonstrated that the variations in glacier area and seasonal ice speed on the NAP were responsive to the ice-ocean-atmosphere ***,seasonal velocity and area variations should be considered when conducting accurate mass balance calculations,model validations and change mechanism analyses under climate warming scenarios.

关键词： Glacier area Seasonal ice speed Sentinel 1&2 Northern Antarctic Peninsula Ice-ocean-atmosphere processes

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Coming of age:the formation and function of age-associated B cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 311-312页

作者： Ke Rui Nan che Kongyang Ma Hejian Zou Fan Xiao Liwei lu Department of Laboratory Medicine Institute of Medical Immunology of Jiangsu UniversityAffiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Nanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityJiangsuChina Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies School of MedicineThe Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen518107GuangdongChina Department of Rheumatology Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation HKU Shenzhen HospitalThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Centre for Oncology and Immunology Hong Kong Science ParkHong KongChina

B cells are generated in the bone marrow during ontogeny and migrate to peripheral lymphoid organs,where they encounter antigens to elicit humoral *** the past decade,many novel B-cell subsets with distinct phenotypes and functions have been identified,and among these subsets,age-associated B cells(ABCs)were first characterized as a B-cell subset that accumulates with age[1].

关键词： organs lymphoid migrate

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Lactose-free milk powder can effectively relieve diarrhea symptoms in weaning SD rats and children

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1494-1502页

作者： Manman Liu Shiwen Han Boya Li cheng chen lu Yao Jung-il Kwon Juan Jin Huilian che Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Maeil Innovation Center Maeil Dairies Co.Ltd.Seoul 03142South Korea

Diarrhea has become the leading cause of illness and death among infants and young children in developing ***,patients with diarrhea showed damaged intestinal epithelial villi,usually accompanied by lactase *** this study,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of lactose-free milk powder on rats and children with ***-associated diarrhea(AAD)model was established by gavage with antibiotic mixture in SD rats,followed by administration of milk powder containing lactose or *** results showed that lactose-free milk powder ameliorated A AD-related diarrhea symptoms,and accelerated the recovery from *** 16S sequencing results indicated lactose-free milk powder contributed to increase theα-andβ-diversity of intestinal flora,and restore the intestinal microbiota *** conclusion,our data demonstrate that lactose-free milk powder could alleviate diarrhea by restoring gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function.

关键词： Diarrhea Lactose-free Milk powder Intestinal barrier Gut microbiota

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Carbene-catalyzed enantioselective seleno-Michael addition as access to antimicrobial active Se-containing heterocycles

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Science China chemistry 2024年第7期67卷 2199-2205页

作者： Hongyan Long Sha Zhao Chunyan Jian Xiuli Wu Fengfei lu Minghong Liao Fengrui che Xingxing Wu Yonggui Robin Chi State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China School of chemistry Chemical Engineeringand BiotechnologyNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore

Organoseleniums exhibit a diverse set of biological activities that are pivotal for drug discovery and are widely explored in synthetic chemistry and material *** many transformations have been developed for non-enantioselective C–Se bond formations,the catalyst-controlled stereoselective preparation of chiral organoseleniums continues to be of considerable *** particular,there are limited studies on the enantioselective seleno-Michael addition reactions to access chiral selenium functional ***,we disclose a carbene-catalyzed highly enantioselective nucleophilic C–Se bond construction through formal[3+3]annulations between selenocarboxamides and bromoenals,affording seleno-thiazinone products with good yields and excellent *** choice of a weak inorganic base was pivotal to suppressing the unproductive racemization and decomposition of the selenium ***,the catalytically generated chiral selenium-containing heterocyclic products feature remarkable antimicrobial activities that could serve as promising lead scaffolds for further agrochemical development.

关键词： seleno-Michael addition organocatalysis N-heterocyclic carbene seleno-heterocycles antimicrobial activity

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Biogenic volatile organic compounds dominated the near-surface ozone generation in Sichuan Basin,China,during fall and wintertime

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 215-224页

作者： Dasheng Huang Qing Li Yan Han Shi-Yong Xia Jiawei Zhou Hanxiong che Keding lu Fumo Yang Xin Long Yang chen Research Center for Atmospheric Environment Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China College of Resources and Environment Chongqing SchoolUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS Chongqing)Chongqing 400714China College of Environmental and chemical Engineering Chongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqing 404199China Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology School of Environment and EnergyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolLishui RoadNanshan DistrictShenzhen 518055China SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Architecture&Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

The complex air pollution driven by both Ozone(O_(3))and fine particulate matter(PM2.5)sig nificantly influences the air quality in the Sichuan Basin(SCB).Understanding the O_(3)for mation during autumn and winter is necessary to understand the atmospheric oxidative ***,continuous in-site field observations were carried out during the late summer,early autumn and winter of 2020 in a rural area of *** total volatile organic compounds(VOCs)concentration reported by a Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of Flight Mass Spectrometry(PTR-ToF-MS)were 13.66±9.75 ppb,5.50±2.64 ppb,and 9.41±5.11 ppb in late summer,early autumn and winter,*** anthropogenic VOCs(AVOCs)and biogenic VOCs(BVOCs)were 8.48±7.92 ppb and 5.18±2.99 ppb in late sum mer,3.31±1.89 ppb and 2.19±0.93 ppb in autumn,and 6.22±3.99 ppb and 3.20±1.27ppb in winter.A zero-dimensional atmospheric box model was employed to investigate the sensitivity of O_(3)-precursors by relative incremental reactivity(RIR).The RIR values of AV OCs,BVOCs,carbon monoxide(CO),and nitrogen oxides(NOx)were 0.31,0.71,0.09,and-0.36 for late summer,0.24,0.59,0.22,and-0.38 for early autumn,and 0.30,0.64,0.33 and-0.70 for winter,and the results showed that the O_(3)formation of sampling area was in the VOC-limited region,and O_(3)was most sensitive to BVOCs(with highest RIR values,>0.6)This study can be helpful in understanding O_(3)formation and interpreting the secondary formation of aerosols in the winter.

关键词： VOCs PTR-MS Model Ozone

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Preparation and characteristic study of Schottky diodes based on Ga_(2)O_(3)thin films

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2024年第2期31卷 28-37页

作者： Zhang Xuhui chen Haifeng Liu Xiangtai lu Qin Wang Zhan cheng Hang che lujie Guan Youyou Han Xiaocong School of Electronic Engineering Xi'an University of Posts and TelecommunicationsXi'an 710121China

This study uses atomic layer deposition(ALD)to grow Ga_(2)O_(3)films on SiO_(2)substrates and investigates the influence of film thickness and annealing temperature on film *** diode devices are fabricated based on the grown Ga_(2)O_(3)films,and the effects of annealing temperature,electrode size,and electrode spacing on the electrical characteristics of the devices are *** results show that as the film thickness increases,the breakdown voltage of the fabricated devices also increases.A Schottky diode with a thickness of 240 nm can achieve a reverse breakdown voltage of 300 *** film quality significantly improves as the annealing temperature of the film *** a voltage of 5 V,the current of the film annealed at 900℃is 64 times that of the film annealed at 700℃.The optimum annealing temperature for Ohmic contact electrodes is 450℃.At 550℃,the Ohmic contact metal tends to burn,and the performance of the device is *** the electrode spacing increases the forward current of the device but decreases the reverse breakdown *** the Schottky contact electrode size increases the forward current,but the change is not significant,and there is no significant change in the reverse breakdown *** device also performs well at high temperatures,with a reverse breakdown voltage of 220 V at 125℃.

关键词： atomic layer deposition(ALD) Ga_(2)O_(3)film Schottky diode annealing temperature

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Synthesis of ordered mesoporous crystalline boron phosphate scaffold with double diamond surface structure

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Science China chemistry 2024年

作者： Chao Wang Wen-Duo lu Jiao Wang Shun-Ai che An-Hui lu lu Han School of chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University State Key Laboratory of Fine chemicals Liaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon ResourcesSchool of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology School of chemistry and chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Ordered mesoporous materials have received great attention due to their well-defined pore structures and potential applications in catalysis, adsorption, separation, drug delivery, etc. Although various compositions of mesoporous solids have been successfully prepared, the preparation of crystalline non-metallic oxyacid salts with ordered mesoporosity remains a major challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis of a mesoporous solid acid crystalline boron phosphate（BPO4） catalyst with a bicontinuous shifted double diamond（SDD） hyperbolic surface structure. The BPO4scaffold was obtained by synergistic selfassembly in a mixed solvent of water and tetrahydrofuran using the diblock copolymer poly（ethylene oxide）-block-polystyrene as template and phosphoric acid and orthoboric acid as inorganic sources. The structure consists of two sets of diamond networks adjacent to each other with a mesostructural scale tetragonal symmetry（space group I41/amd） with unit cell parameters of a =80 nm and c = 113 nm, which affords the scaffold a specific surface area of 44 m2/g. As a solid acid catalytic material, the SDD BPO4scaffold exhibited excellent catalytic activity at room temperature with a conversion of furfural to 2-（dimethoxymethyl）furan over 70% and can be reused after recovery without serious loss of activity. In the propane oxidative dehydrogenation reaction, SDD BPO4demonstrated high olefin productivity and selectivity while maintaining high reaction rate. This study provides ideas for the preparation of ordered mesoporous crystalline catalytic materials and demonstrates their potential for practical applications.

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Enones from aldehydes and alkenes by carbene-catalyzed dehydrogenative couplings

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Chinese chemical Letters 2024年第9期35卷 150-154页

作者： Kun Tang Fen Su Shijie Pan Fengfei lu Zhongfu luo Fengrui che Xingxing Wu Yonggui Robin Chi National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural BioengineeringMinistry of EducationGuizhou UniversityHuaxi DistrictGuiyang 550025China School of chemistry Chemical Engineeringand BiotechnologyNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore

Enones are widely explored in synthetic chemistry as fundamental building blocks for a wide range of reactions and exhibit intriguing biological activities that are pivotal for drug *** development of synthetic strategies for highly efficient preparation of enones thereby receives intense attention,in particular through the transition metal-catalyzed coupling ***,we describe a carbene-catalyzed cross dehydrogenative coupling(CDC)reaction that enables effective assembly of simple aldehydes and alkenes to afford a diverse set of enone ***,the in situ generated aryl radical is pivotal to“activate”the alkene by forming an allyl radical through intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer(HAT)pathway and thus forging the carbon-carbon bond formation with aldehyde as the acyl ***,our method represents the first example on the enone synthesis through coupling of“non-functionalized”aldehydes and alkenes as coupling partners,and offers a distinct organocatalytic pathway to the transition metal-catalyzed coupling transformations.

关键词： Enones Cross dehydrogenative coupling N-Heterocyclic carbene Aryl radical Hydrogen atom transfer

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