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A Review of Colloid Transport in Fractured Rocks

Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第6期9卷 770-787页

作者： ZHANG Wei TANG Xiangyu WEISBROD Noam guan zhuo Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology Zuckerberg Institute for Water ResearchJ.Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevMidreshet Ben-Gurion 84990Israel

Recent recognition of colloid and colloidassociated transport of strongly sorbing contaminants in fractured rocks highlights the importance of exploring the transport behavior of colloids under conditions prevailing in the *** rapid transport of colloids through fractured rocks-as affected by the hydraulic properties of the flow system,the properties of fracture surface and the geochemical conditionshas not been sufficiently elucidated,and predictions of colloid transport through fractures have encountered difficulties,particularly at the field *** article reviews the current understanding of the mechanisms and modeling of colloid transport and retention in fractured *** used experimental techniques and approaches for conducting colloid transport experiments at different scales,ranging from the laboratory to the field scale,are summarized and commented *** importance of various interactions(e.g.,dissolution,colloid deposition,generation,mobilization and deposition of filling materials within fractures) between the flowing solution and the fracture walls(in many cases,with skin or coating on the host rock at the liquid-solid interface) has been *** transport through fractures of high heterogeneity has not yet been well understood and modeled at the field ***,we summarize the current knowledge and understanding accumulated in the last two decades in regard to colloid and colloidassociated transport through *** research needs are also discussed.

关键词： Colloid transport Colloid retention Fracture Rock

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Surfactant-enhanced flushing enhances colloid transport and alters macroporosity in diesel-contaminated soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第2期30卷 197-206页

作者： zhuo guan Xiang-Yu Tang Taku Nishimura Hidetaka Katou Hui-Yun Liu Jing Qing Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Laboratory of Soil Physics and Soil Hydrology Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8657 Japan Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tsukuba 305-8604 Japan University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 611756 China

Soil contamination by diesel has been often reported as a result of accidental spillage,leakage and inappropriate use. Surfactant-enhanced soil flushing is a common remediation technique for soils contaminated by hydrophobic organic chemicals. In this study, soil flushing with linear alkylbenzene sulfonates（LAS, an anionic surfactant） was conducted for intact columns（15 cm in diameter and 12 cm in length） of diesel-contaminated farmland purple soil aged for one year in the field. Dynamics of colloid concentration in column outflow during flushing, diesel removal rate and resulting soil macroporosity change by flushing were analyzed. Removal rate of n-alkanes（representing the diesel） varied with the depth of the topsoil in the range of 14%–96% while the n-alkanes present at low concentrations in the subsoil were completely removed by LAS-enhanced flushing. Much higher colloid concentrations and larger colloid sizes were observed during LAS flushing in column outflow compared to water flushing. The X-ray micro-computed tomography analysis of flushed and unflushed soil cores showed that the proportion of fine macropores（30–250 μm in diameter）was reduced significantly by LAS flushing treatment. This phenomenon can be attributed to enhanced clogging of fine macropores by colloids which exhibited higher concentration due to better dispersion by LAS. It can be inferred from this study that the application of LAS-enhanced flushing technique in the purple soil region should be cautious regarding the possibility of rapid colloid-associated contaminant transport via preferential pathways in the subsurface and the clogging of water-conducting soil pores.

关键词： Surfactant-enhanced flushing Diesel Colloid transport Macropores Pore structure

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Historical Sediment Record of ^(137)Cs, δ-HCH, and δ^(13)C Reflects the Impact of Land Use on Soil Erosion

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 866-874页

作者： TANG Xiang-Yu ZHANG Xin-Bao guan zhuo LONG Yi TANG Qiang Lü Yu-Juan Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F University

This paper reports the concentrations of 137Cs, hexaehlorocyclohexane （HCH）, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （DDT） and its main degradation products, δ3C, and organic carbon in pond sediments （O-210 cm, sectioned by 2-20 cm interval） and surface soils （the 0-3 cm horizon） collected in 2OlO from Chenjia catchment, which is located in Yanting county in the hilly central Sichuan of China. α-, β-, and γ-HCH, DDT, and DDD were not detected throughout the sediment profile. Trace concentrations of δ-HCH （0.89-29.31 ng g^-1） and p,p＇- DDE （1.85-6.02 ng g^-1） were detected only in top 40 cm sediment. The 137Cs fallout peak in 1963 （corresponding to the 55-60 cm depth）, the sedimentary signature left by the last year of HCH use in 1989 （an additional indicator at 20-25 cm）, and the obvious original channel bed prior to the construction of the pond in 1956 were used as temporal markers to estimate changes in average sedimentation rate between different periods due to changes in land use. Continuous, marked decrease in average sedimentation rate （i.e., 3.79, 1.35 and 1.07 cm year-1 in 1956-1963, 1963-1989, and 1989-2010, respectively） over time was observed, probably due to the reforestation, abandoning of steep sloping farmland for afforestation and natural re-vegetation （implementation of the Grain for Green Program）, and the conversion of part of gently sloping farmlandterraces to orchard land since the 1980s, especially since the 1990s. This was corroborated by the observed decrease （more negative） in δ3C of sediment towards the surface, which indicates increased relative contribution of eroded soil particles coming from slopes with increased tree cover in sediment source area. Combined use of 137Cs, δ-HCH, and δ3C record in sediments has been demonstrated to be a powerful approach to reconstruction of response in sedimentation rate to historical land use changes.

关键词： Cesium-137 Hexaehlorocyclohexane(HCH) Sedimentation history Land use

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基于分布质量的遥感图像配准控制点筛选方法

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华南理工大学学报（自然科学版） 2010年第12期38卷 50-55页

作者：郭琰谷延锋关卓威张晔哈尔滨工业大学图像与信息技术研究所黑龙江哈尔滨150001

为提高遥感图像配准精度,提出了一种基于均匀分布质量的配准控制点筛选方法.首先,以尺度不变特征变换获取控制点,采用随机抽样一致性筛除误匹配控制点,然后对配准图像公共区域分块进行基于分布质量的控制点筛选,采用最小二乘估计仿射变... 详细信息

为提高遥感图像配准精度,提出了一种基于均匀分布质量的配准控制点筛选方法.首先,以尺度不变特征变换获取控制点,采用随机抽样一致性筛除误匹配控制点,然后对配准图像公共区域分块进行基于分布质量的控制点筛选,采用最小二乘估计仿射变换模型参数,最后对输入图像坐标变换后完成配准.对多种遥感图像的实验结果表明,所提出的方法能有效删除误匹配控制点,使控制点均匀分布,减小配准误差.

关键词：遥感图像图像配准控制点分布质量尺度不变特征变换随机抽样一致性

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施工过程中加筋挡土墙的应用探讨

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城市建筑 2013年第20期10卷 75-75,78页

作者：关卓辽宁水文地质工程地质勘察院 116037

加筋挡土墙是由面板、填土和拉筋组成的结合体,继而组成一个能够适应较大变形的柔性结构。本文总结了某机场大型加筋挡土墙项目施工经验,对加筋挡土墙的施工和应用进行了有意义的探讨。

关键词：加筋挡土墙施工质量控制

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紫色土水分特征曲线室内测定方法的对比

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水科学进展 2016年第2期27卷 240-248页

作者：王红兰唐翔宇鲜青松刘琛关卓中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所四川成都610041 中国科学院大学北京100049

为探寻全吸力范围内土壤水分特征曲线的可靠测定方法,采用沙箱排水法、Hyprop仪蒸发法、压力膜仪排水法和露点水势仪蒸发法分吸力段测定盐亭紫色土耕地表层2～7 cm和亚表层7～12 cm土壤的水分特征曲线,对比测定结果的方法间差异,并分析... 详细信息

为探寻全吸力范围内土壤水分特征曲线的可靠测定方法,采用沙箱排水法、Hyprop仪蒸发法、压力膜仪排水法和露点水势仪蒸发法分吸力段测定盐亭紫色土耕地表层2～7 cm和亚表层7～12 cm土壤的水分特征曲线,对比测定结果的方法间差异,并分析其原因。结果表明：对于表层和亚表层土壤,低吸力段（h〉-100 cm）水分特征曲线的沙箱法和Hyprop仪法的均方根误差ERMS（θ）均较小,在0.026～0.082 cm3/cm3范围内,确定系数R2均大于0.962,说明这两种方法测定结果之间差异不大。高吸力段（h〈-330 cm）的压力膜仪法与露点仪法测定结果之间的差异较大,ERMS（θ）为0.062～0.097 cm3/cm3,R2较低,为0.775～0.952。因此,全吸力范围内水分特征曲线测定方法的选择与组合应考虑土壤孔径分布特征和研究目的。

关键词：土壤水分特征曲线沙箱法 Hyprop仪法压力膜仪法露点水势仪法滞后现象

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生物炭施用及老化对紫色土中抗生素吸附特征的影响

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环境科学 2019年第6期40卷 2920-2929页

作者：阴文敏关卓刘琛何杨杨飞唐翔宇海南大学热带农林学院海口570228 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所成都610041 西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院成都611756

以长江上游低山丘陵区典型坡耕地石灰性紫色土为研究对象,采用更接近实际田间土壤含水量条件的土水比(1 g∶1 mL,并对比1 g∶10 mL),通过批量平衡吸附实验,系统研究了施用新鲜生物炭(0%、1%和5%,质量分数)及田间老化作用(1 a)对3种抗生... 详细信息

以长江上游低山丘陵区典型坡耕地石灰性紫色土为研究对象,采用更接近实际田间土壤含水量条件的土水比(1 g∶1 mL,并对比1 g∶10 mL),通过批量平衡吸附实验,系统研究了施用新鲜生物炭(0%、1%和5%,质量分数)及田间老化作用(1 a)对3种抗生素(磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶和氟苯尼考)在低浓度条件下(0～5 mg·L^(-1))吸附特征的影响规律.结果表明,5种供试土壤中3种抗生素的吸附等温线均能被线性方程和Freundlich模型较好地拟合,且吸附过程中吸附自由能ΔG~θ在-0. 39～11. 53 kJ·mol^(-1)之间,表明对照土及施炭土对3种抗生素的吸附都以物理吸附为主;生物炭的施用能显著增加紫色土对3种抗生素的吸附,其中对K_(ow)值较小的磺胺二甲基嘧啶和氟苯尼考的增加幅度更大,生物炭施用比例越高则提高幅度越大;生物炭新鲜施用时效果更好,而老化后这种增强作用明显减弱.老化施炭土吸附平衡溶液的荧光峰响应强度均低于新鲜施炭土,故新鲜施炭土和老化施炭土的吸附性能差异可能是由于后者的生物炭所含不稳定、可溶解的有机质组分经老化后减少所致.

关键词：生物炭抗生素紫色土吸附老化

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间歇灌溉对稻田毒死蜱迁移转化特征的影响

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农业工程学报 2020年第1期36卷 214-220页

作者：刘慧云关卓程建华唐翔宇鲜青松中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所成都610041 中国科学院大学北京100049

间歇灌溉作为丘陵区稻田常见的灌溉方式之一,其强烈的干湿交替过程会影响稻田中污染物的环境行为。在室内批量平衡吸附试验的基础上,通过农药野外喷施试验与动态观测,研究了间歇淹水和持续淹水条件下石灰性紫色土发育的稻田中毒死蜱的... 详细信息

间歇灌溉作为丘陵区稻田常见的灌溉方式之一,其强烈的干湿交替过程会影响稻田中污染物的环境行为。在室内批量平衡吸附试验的基础上,通过农药野外喷施试验与动态观测,研究了间歇淹水和持续淹水条件下石灰性紫色土发育的稻田中毒死蜱的迁移转化特征。结果表明,土壤对毒死蜱的吸附能力远远强于其对毒死蜱主要降解产物3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇(3,5,6-TCP)的吸附能力,毒死蜱的吸附容量常数范围为34~170,TCP的吸附容量常数范围为0.62~0.67,且对毒死蜱和TCP的吸附容量常数及分配系数均以耕作层土壤高于非耕作层土壤;施药后田面水中毒死蜱及TCP的浓度均随时间迅速下降,两者均可通过土壤大孔隙优先流快速迁移至50cm深处;间歇灌溉处理稻田土壤孔隙水中两者的浓度总体低于持续淹水处理;降雨和灌溉事件会导致两者由土壤固相迅速向水相发生短时间、高浓度释放与淋失。

关键词：灌溉淹水吸附毒死蜱 3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇稻田

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早期护理干预预防PICC致静脉炎的临床效果分析

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中西医结合护理（中英文） 2016年第2期2卷 52-54页

作者：关卓陈菁江苏省常州市中医医院甲乳外科江苏常州213001

目的分析早期护理干预在预防经外周置入中心静脉导管(PICC)致静脉炎中的应用效果。方法选取乳癌化疗给予PICC置管患者65例,随机分为对照组35例与护理组30例,对照组采取常规护理,护理组采取早期护理干预,对比2组静脉炎情况。结果护理组... 详细信息

目的分析早期护理干预在预防经外周置入中心静脉导管(PICC)致静脉炎中的应用效果。方法选取乳癌化疗给予PICC置管患者65例,随机分为对照组35例与护理组30例,对照组采取常规护理,护理组采取早期护理干预,对比2组静脉炎情况。结果护理组静脉炎Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);护理组静脉炎发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);护理组静脉炎发生时间、治愈时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对PICC置管患者采取早期护理干预,能减少发生静脉炎,患者痛苦明显减轻。

关键词：静脉炎经外周置入中心静脉导管早期护理干预

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Age-specific differences in non-cardiac comorbidities among elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure: a special focus on young-old, old-old, and oldest-old

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第24期132卷 2905-2913页

作者： Meng-Xi Yang Hui An Xue-Qiang Fan Li-Yuan Tao Qiang Tu Li Qin Li-Fang Zhang Dong-Ping Feng Yu Wang Li Sun Si Gao Wen-zhuo guan Jin-Gang Zheng Jing-Yi Ren Department of Cardiology China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China Department of Cardiology Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuangHebei 050051China Department of Cardiovascular Surgery China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Department of Laboratory Medicine Peking University People's HospitalBeijing 100044China

Background:Despite the growing epidemic of heart failure(HF),there is limited data available to systematically compare noncardiac comorbidities in the young-old,old-old,and oldest-old patients hospitalized for *** precise differences will add valuable information for better management of HF in elderly ***:A total of 1053 patients aged 65 years or older hospitalized with HF were included in this *** were compared among three age groups:(1)young-old:65 to 74 years,(2)old-old:75 to 84 years,and(3)oldest-old:≥85 *** details of presentation,comorbidities,and prescribed medications were ***:The mean age was 76.7 years and 12.7%were 85 years or *** elderly patients with HF(97.5%)had at least one of the non-cardiac *** patterns of common non-cardiac comorbidities were different between the young-old and oldestold *** three most common non-cardiac comorbidities were anemia(53.6%),hyperlipidemia(45.9%),and diabetes(42.4%)in the young-old group,while anemia(73.1%),infection(58.2%),and chronic kidney disease(44.0%)in the oldest-old *** was observed in 93.0%elderly patients with ***,29.2%patients were diagnosed with infection,and 67.0%patients were prescribed ***,60.4%patients were diagnosed with anemia with only 8.9%of them receiving iron ***:Non-cardiac comorbidities are nearly universal in three groups but obviously differ by age,and inappropriate medications are very common in elderly patients with *** treatment strategies should be focused on providing optimal medications for age-specific non-cardiac conditions.

关键词： Heart failure Elderly Non-cardiac comorbidity Polypharmacy

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