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A discovery of two slow pulsars with FAST:“Ronin”from the globular cluster M15

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 166-180页

作者： Dengke Zhou Pei Wang Di Li Jianhua Fang Chenchen Miao Paulo CCFreire Lei Zhang Dandan Zhang Huaxi Chen Yi Feng Yifan Xiao Jintao Xie Xu Zhang Chenwu Jin Han Wang Yinan Ke Xuerong Guo Rushuang Zhao Chenhui Niu Weiwei Zhu Mengyao Xue Yabiao Wang Jiafu Wu Zhenye Gan zhongyi sun Chengjie Wang Jie Zhang Junshuo Zhang Jinhuang Cao Wanjin Lu Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311121China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Shenzhen 518054China Max Planck Institut f¨ur Radioastronomie Bonn 53121Germany Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthorn 3122Australia School of Mathematical Sciences School of Physics and Electronic SciencesGuizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing Guiyang 550001China School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Qilu Normal UniversityJinan 250200China School of Physics and Electronic Science Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China College of Physical Science and Technology Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Tencent Youtu Lab Shanghai 201103China

Globular clusters harbor numerous millisecond pulsars,but long-period pulsars(P 100 ms)are rarely found.In this study,we employed a fast folding algorithm to analyze observational data from multiple globular clusters obtained by the Five-hundredmeter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),aiming to detect the existence of long-period pulsars.We estimated the impact of the median filtering algorithm in eliminating red noise on the minimum detectable flux density(S_(min))of pulsars.Subsequently,we successfully discovered two isolated long-period pulsars in M15 with periods approximately equal to 1.928451 and3.960716 s,respectively.On the P-˙P diagram,both pulsars are positioned below the spin-up line,suggesting a possible history of partial recycling in X-ray binary systems disrupted by dynamical encounters later on.According to timing results,these two pulsars exhibit remarkably strong magnetic fields.If the magnetic fields were weakened during the accretion process,then a short duration of accretion might explain the strong magnetic fields of these pulsars.

关键词： pulsar globular cluster FAST

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A Distributed Acoustic Sensing System for Vibration Detection and Classification in Railways

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ZTE Communications 2024年第2期22卷 80-84页

作者： ZHU Songlin WANG zhongyi XIE Yunpeng sun Zhi Wireline Product Planning Department ZTE CorporationShanghai 201203China Shenzhen Branch of China Telecom Corporation Limited Shenzhen 518000China

A distributed acoustic sensing(DAS)system is proposed and a data processing method for vibration is designed in this paper.The proposed DAS system is based on the Rayleigh scattering signal and utilizes phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry(φ-OTDR)to demodulate the environmental vibration.It can collect the vibration information in railways and implement vibration classification based on the feature of sensed vibration signals.This system has been deployed in Guangzhou Shenzhen High-Speed Railway,and the experimental results validate its effectiveness.

关键词： DAS φ-OTDR vibration classification

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Antagonizing exosomal miR-18a-5p derived from prostate cancer cells ameliorates metastasis-induced osteoblastic lesions by targeting Hist1h2bc and activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第4期10卷 1626-1640页

作者： Fanchun Zeng Chunrong Zhao Rujie Wang Lingyan Ren Hao Qiu Zhi Zou Haibin Ding zhongyi sun Jianmei Li Shiwu Dong Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China Department of Biomedical Materials Science Army Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China Department of Orthopedics Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China Antenatal Diagnosis Centre Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuiyangGuizhou 550003China Department of Urology Shenzhen University General HospitalShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518055China

More than 50%of prostate cancer(PCa)patients have bone metastasis with osteo-blastic lesions.MiR-18a-5p is associated with the development and metastasis of PCa,but it remains unclear whether it is involved in osteoblastic lesions.We first found that miR-18a-5p was highly expressed in the bone microenvironment of patients with PCa bone metastases.To address how miR-18a-5p affects PCa osteoblastic lesions,antagonizing miR-18a-5p in PCa cells or pre-osteoblasts inhibited osteoblast differentiation in vitro.Moreover,injection of PCa cells with miR-18a-5p inhibition improved bone biomechanical properties and bone mineral mass in vivo.Furthermore,miR-18a-5p was transferred to osteoblasts by exosomes derived from PCa cells and targeted the Hist1h2bc gene,resulting in Ctnnb1 up-regulation in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Translationally,antagomir-18a-5p significantly improved bone biomechanical properties and alleviated sclerotic lesions from osteoblastic me-tastases in BALB/c nude mice.These data suggest that inhibition of exosome-delivered miR-18a-5p ameliorates PCa-induced osteoblastic lesions.

关键词： Bone metastasis MiR-18a-5p Osteoblastic lesions Prostate cancer Wnt/β-catenin pathway

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Organic thin-film transistors and related devices in life and health monitoring

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 426-444页

作者： Chenfang sun Tie Wang Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging Life and Health Intelligent Research InstituteTianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China

The early determination of disease-related biomarkers can significantly improve the survival rate of patients.Thus,a series of explorations for new diagnosis technologies,such as optical and electrochemical methods,have been devoted to life and health monitoring.Organic thin-film transistor(OTFT),as a state-of-the-art nano-sensing technology,has attracted significant attention from construction to application owing to the merits of being label-free,low-cost,facial,and rapid detection with multi-parameter responses.Nevertheless,interference from non-specific adsorption is inevitable in complex biological samples such as body liquid and exhaled gas,so the reliability and accuracy of the biosensor need to be further improved while ensuring sensitivity,selectivity,and stability.Herein,we overviewed the composition,mechanism,and construction strategies of OTFTs for the practical determination of disease-related biomarkers in both body fluids and exhaled gas.The results show that the realization of bio-inspired applications will come true with the rapid development of high-effective OTFTs and related devices.

关键词： organic thin-film transistors biosensors biomarkers organic bioelectronics organic semiconductors healthcare

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Pretreating and normalizing metabolomics data for statistical analysis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 188-205页

作者： Jun sun Yinglin Xia Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineDepartment of Microbiology/ImmunologyUIC Cancer CenterUniversity of Illinois ChicagoJesse Brown VA Medical Center Chicago(537)ChicagoIL 60612USA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIL 60612USA

Metabolomics as a research field and a set of techniques is to study the entire small molecules in biological samples.Metabolomics is emerging as a powerful tool generally for pre-cision medicine.Particularly,integration of microbiome and metabolome has revealed the mechanism and functionality of microbiome in human health and disease.However,metabo-lomics data are very complicated.Preprocessing/pretreating and normalizing procedures on metabolomics data are usually required before statistical analysis.In this review article,we comprehensively review various methods that are used to preprocess and pretreat metabolo-mics data,including MS-based data and NMR-based data preprocessing,dealing with zero and/or missing values and detecting outliers,data normalization,data centering and scaling,data transformation.We discuss the advantages and limitations of each method.The choice for a suitable preprocessing method is determined by the biological hypothesis,the characteristics of the data set,and the selected statistical data analysis method.We then provide the perspective of their applications in the microbiome and metabolome research.

关键词： Data centering and scaling Data normalization Data transformation Missing values MS-Baseddata preprocessing NMRData preprocessing Outliers Preprocessing/pretreatment

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Fossil Equidae in the Linxia Basin with Biostratigraphic and Paleozoogeographic Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 1-9页

作者： sun Boyang Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China

The Linxia Basin is characterized by an abundance of Cenozoic sediments,that contain exceptionally rich fossil resources.Equids are abundant in the Linxia Basin,the fossil record of equids in this region including 16 species that represent 10 genera.In comparison to other classic late Cenozoic areas in China,the Linxia Basin stands out,because the fauna and chronological data accompanying Linxia equids render them remarkably useful for biostratigraphy.The anchitheriines in the region,such as Anchitherium and Sinohippus,represent early equids that appeared in the late stages of the middle and late Miocene,respectively.Among the equines,most species of Chinese hipparions have been identified in the Linxia Basin and some species of the genera Hipparion and Hippotherium have FAD records for China.Furthermore,Equus eisenmannae is one of the earliest known species of Equus in the Old World and is well-represented at the Longdan locality.Some species with precise geohistorical distributions can serve as standards for high-resolution chronological units within this framework.Located at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and subject to considerable uplift,the Linxia Basin has served as a biogeographic transition area for equids throughout the late Cenozoic.

关键词： Equidae Cenozoic biostratigraphy paleozoogeography Linxia Basin

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NADPH oxidase 4(NOX4)as a biomarker and therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1961-1966页

作者： Napissara Boonpraman sun Shin Yi BK21 four Program Department of Medical SciencesSoonchunhyang UniversityAsanSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science Soonchunhyang UniversityAsanSouth Korea iConnectome Co.Ltd.CheonanSouth Korea

Diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are defined by inflammation and the damage neurons undergo due to oxidative stress. A primary reactive oxygen species contributor in the central nervous system, NADPH oxidase 4, is viewed as a potential therapeutic touchstone and indicative marker for these ailments. This in-depth review brings to light distinct features of NADPH oxidase 4, responsible for generating superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, emphasizing its pivotal role in activating glial cells, inciting inflammation, and disturbing neuronal functions. Significantly, malfunctioning astrocytes, forming the majority in the central nervous system, play a part in advancing neurodegenerative diseases, due to their reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factor secretion. Our study reveals that aiming at NADPH oxidase 4 within astrocytes could be a viable treatment pathway to reduce oxidative damage and halt neurodegenerative processes. Adjusting NADPH oxidase 4 activity might influence the neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, including myeloperoxidase and osteopontin, offering better prospects for conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. This review sheds light on the role of NADPH oxidase 4 in neural degeneration, emphasizing its drug target potential, and paving the path for novel treatment approaches to combat these severe conditions.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease astrocytes mitochondrial dysfunction myeloperoxidase NADPH oxidase 4 NADPH oxidase 4 inhibitors neurodegenerative diseases osteopontin Parkinson’s disease reactive oxygen species

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Lupenone improves motor dysfunction in spinal cord injury mice through inhibiting the inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in microglia via the nuclear factor kappa B pathway

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1802-1811页

作者： Fudong Li Xiaofei sun Kaiqiang sun Fanqi Kong Xin Jiang Qingjie Kong Department of Orthopedics Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Orthopedic Surgery Spine CenterShanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Orthopedic Surgery Naval Medical CenterNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Anesthesiology Shanghai Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina

Spinal cord injury-induced motor dysfunction is associated with neuroinflammation.Studies have shown that the triterpenoid lupenone,a natural product found in various plants,has a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect in the context of chronic inflammation.However,the effects of lupenone on acute inflammation induced by spinal cord injury remain unknown.In this study,we established an impact-induced mouse model of spinal cord injury,and then treated the injured mice with lupenone(8 mg/kg,twice a day)by intrape ritoneal injection.We also treated BV2 cells with lipopolysaccharide and adenosine5’-triphosphate to simulate the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury.Our res ults showed that lupenone reduced IKBa activation and p65 nuclear translocation,inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome function by modulating nuclear factor kappa B,and enhanced the conve rsion of proinflammatory M1 mic roglial cells into anti-inflammatory M2 microglial cells.Furthermore,lupenone decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation,NLRP3-induced mic roglial cell polarization,and microglia pyroptosis by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B pathway.These findings suggest that lupenone protects against spinal cord injury by inhibiting inflammasomes.

关键词： inflammasome inflammation lupenone microglia polarization pyroptosis spinal cord injury

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Rational surface charge engineering of haloalkane dehalogenase for boosting the enzymatic performance in organic solvent solutions

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期65卷 276-285页

作者： Yin Wu Yan sun Department of Biochemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology(Ministry of Education)Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China

Biocatalysis in organic solvents(OSs)has numerous important applications,but native enzymes in OSs often exhibit limited catalytic performance.Herein,we proposed a computation-aided surface charge engineering strategy to improve the catalytic performance of haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA in OSs based on the energetic analysis of substrate binding to the DhaA surface.Several variants with enhanced OS resistance were obtained by replacing negative charged residues on the surface with positive charged residue(Arg).Particularly,a four-substitution variant E16R/E93R/E121R/E257R exhibited the best catalytic performance(five-fold improvement in OS resistance and seven-fold half-life increase in 40%(vol)dimethylsulfoxide).As a result,the overall catalytic performance of the variant could be at least 26 times higher than the wild-type DhaA.Fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that the residue substitution mainly enhanced OS resistance from four aspects:(a)improved the overall structural stability,(b)increased the hydrophobicity of the local microenvironment around the catalytic triad,(c)enriched the hydrophobic substrate around the enzyme molecule,and(d)lowered the contact frequency between OS molecules and the catalytic triad.Our findings validate that computationaided surface charge engineering is an effective and ingenious rational strategy for tailoring enzyme performance in OSs.

关键词： Surface charge engineering Organic solvent resistance Molecular dynamics simulation Haloalkane dehalogenase

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Study on Coded Permutation Entropy of Finite Length Gaussian White Noise Time Series

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 185-194页

作者： Huihui sun Xiaofeng ZHANG School of Physics and Information Technology Shaanxi Normal University

As an extension of permutation entropy(PE), coded permutation entropy(CPE) improves the performance of PE by making a secondary division for ordinal patterns defined in PE. In this study, we provide an exploration of the statistical properties of CPE using a finite length Gaussian white noise time series theoretically. By means of the Taylor series expansion, the approximate expressions of the expected value and variance of CPE are deduced and the Cramér-Rao low bound(CRLB) is obtained to evaluate the performance of the CPE estimator. The results indicate that CPE is a biased estimator, but the bias only depends on relevant parameters of CPE and it can be easily corrected for an arbitrary time series. The variance of CPE is related to the encoding patterns distribution,and the value converges to the CRLB of the CPE estimator when the time series length is large enough. For a finitelength Gaussian white noise time series model, the predicted values can match well with the actual values, which further validates the statistic theory of CPE. Using the theoretical expressions of CPE, it is possible to better understand the behavior of CPE for most of the time series.

关键词： Coded permutation entropy Gaussian white noise Finite-length time series Cramér-Rao low bound

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