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The benefits of being smaller:Consistent pattern for climate-induced range shift and morphological difference of three falconiforme species

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Avian Research 2023年第1期14卷 13-24页

作者： Aichun Xu Ji Zhang Qian li zhongqiu li Qin Zhu School of life Sciences China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou310018China Lab of Animal Behavior and Conservation School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China

Climate exerts a dominant control over the distribution of ***,species migrate to higher elevations to track thermal niches,but variations in morphological traits can result in trait-specific responses to climate *** we attempted to explore how three sympatrically distributed raptor species(the Upland Buzzard Buteo hemilasius,UB;the Common Kestrel,also called Eurasian Kestrel Falco tinnunculus,EK;and the Saker Falcon Falco cherrug,SF)would respond to climate change over time,and whether their responses would bias by different *** tested the alternative hypotheses for Allen’s rule for UB,EK,and SF in Qinghai Province,China,by modeling their current and future habitat suitability and confirming whether a consistent pattern exists between climate-induced range shifts and morphological differences among *** extent of the projected distribution range within protected areas was also calculated for each *** identified the future downward elevation shift for all the species,but with the notable northeastward shifting of the suitable climate space for UB and *** change would induce range contraction in the future,and the most acute influence is always the result of the pessimistic SSP585 *** obvious pattern in climate-induced range shift was found for EK,for whom the morphological traits were significantly smaller all the *** seriously,the ratios of highly suitable habitats being protected for our three raptor species were almost at a deficient level(below 1%).This study firstly tested the alternative hypothesis of Allen’s rule among raptors in Qinghai Province unprecedently,confirmed the morphological basis for different responses to changing climate across species,and demonstrated the protection deficiency under the current protected area *** advocate more related studies in the future to verify our findings across more taxa.

关键词： Allen's rule Climate change Morphalogy Qinghai Province Raptors Range contraction

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Vocal repertoire of Azure-winged Magpies(Cyanopica cyanus):A context-associated communication system

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Avian Research 2023年第1期14卷 45-53页

作者： Xu Wang Fan Yu Haozhong Si zhongqiu li Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNarying 20023Chine

Signals within animals’vocal communication are considered functional referential and *** in the absence of the context,receivers are expected to acquire the information of calls and respond specificallyWhereas the framework was supported by plenty of evidence,its exhaustivity in describing all animal vocalisations has been ***,we investigated the vocal repertoire of a cooperatively breeding species,Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus),to present evidence for referential *** results showed that Azure-winged Magpies had a relatively large vocal repertoire,consisting of twelve distinct *** calls were associated with the context including movement,begging for food,contact,vigilance against predators,***,even the predator-specific alarm calls would induce various responses of *** implies that multiple pieces of information are involved in the vocalisation,which could be utilised by the receiver to select an appropriate response based on the *** study gives a detailed description of the context and function of the vocal repertoire in Azure-winged Magpies,laying the foundation for further investigation on the developmental mechanisms of bird *** study also suggests that the referential signals of animal vocalisations may not be limited to the context-specific responses of receivers and need to be discussed from a broader perspective.

关键词： Amure wingeod Magpies Behavioural ontext Reerential sigmals Vocal ammumication Vocal repertoire

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Sequential vigilance is unpredictable in reproductive Black-necked Cranes

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Avian Research 2019年第1期10卷 82-88页

作者： Yuhang li Le Yang Yunchao Luo Yiqian Wu zhongqiu li School of life Sciences Nanjing University Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology

Background:Vigilance refers to the behavior of animals scanning their surroundings with a main purpose of *** vigilance can serve the function of anti-predation depends on its unpredictability,meaning instantaneous randomness,sequential randomness,and independence,the three assumptions from Pulliam model(J Theor Biol 38:419,1973).Here we tested two of these three assumptions in reproductive Black-necked Cranes(Grus nigricollis) in Tibetan Plateau:instantaneous randomness and sequential ***:Observations were carried out in July and September of 2014,July and August in 2017 in Selincuo National Nature Reserve,Tibet,with the help of focal sampling *** instantaneous randomness,we used Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for its negative exponential distribution;for sequential randomness,we used Run test,correlation analysis,and generalized linear model to see if an inter-scan and its previous scan were ***:Not similar to some recent studies,we did not find a significant predictable vigilance in this *** inter-scan intervals(86/100,86.0%) passed negative exponential distribution test,meaning vigilance sequences with instantaneous randomness;most inter-scan intervals(91/100,91.0%) passed sequential random test,showing vigilance sequences were random ***:Our results suggest that keeping a vigilance pattern with unpredictability is beneficial to the survival of the Black-necked Cranes,which are facing with both cruel natural environments and high predation risks.

关键词： Black-necked Cranes Instantaneous randomness Sequential randomness

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The group size effect and synchronization of vigilance in the Tibetan wild ass

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 11-16页

作者： Xinxin WANG Le YANG Yumeng ZHAO Cong Yu zhongqiu li Lab of Animal Behavior and Conservation School of Life SciencesNanjing University163 Xianlin AvenueNanjing210023China Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology 19 Beiing West RoadLhasa850000China

Vigilance behavior is considered as an effective strategy for prey species to detect *** individual benefits from living in a group by reducing the time spent being vigilant without affecting the probability of detecting a ***,the mechanism producing a decrease in vigilance with increasing group size is *** models of vigilance assume that group members scan independently of one *** in recent studies,the other 2 patterns of vigilance,coordination and synchronization,were reported in some *** 2 summers(2018 and 2019),we studied the group-size effect on vigilance and foraging of Tibetan wild ass in Chang Tang Nature Reserve of *** also tested whether individuals scan the environment independently,tend to coordinate their scans,or tend to synchronize their *** results showed that individuals decreased the time spent on vigilance with increasing group size,while increased the time spent *** members scanned the environment at the same time more frequently and there was a positive correlation between group members'behaviors,indicating that Tibetan wild asses tend to synchronize their vigilance.

关键词： group size effect synchronization of vigilance Tibetan wild ass

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Determinants of vigilance in a reintroduced population of Pere David＇s deer

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 265-270页

作者： Wei ZHENG Guy BEAUCHAMP Xuelei JIANG zhongqiu li Qinglong YANG The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical B iotechnology School of Life Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Montreal St-Hyacinthe Quebec Canada J2S 7C6 Jinling College Nanjing University Nanjing 210089 China

After being kept in captivity and isolated from natural predators for more than 1,200 years, P6re David＇s deer has been reintroduced in China and now occurs in a reserve where human activity is the only potential threat. Antipredator vigilance i~ an important component of survival for many prey animals in their natural habitat. Do deer still adjust vigilance as a function of risk after such a long period of relaxed predation pressure？ Here, we examined vigilance levels in P6re David＇s deer groups as a function of group size, sex and level of human disturbance. The results showed that individual vigilance significantly decreased with group size in all-female groups but not in all-males or mixed-sex groups. In rutting season, males compete with one another and harass females, and we argue that vigilance is partly aimed at threatening males and that such vigilance increases with group size. This explains why overall vigilance did not vary with group size for males in general and for females in mixed-sex groups. Vigilance increased in more disturbed areas but in in male deer only. The results indicate that despite relaxed predation pressure over centuries, P6re David＇s deer can still adjust antipredator responses as a function of perceived risk. Such information may become useful in the rewilding programme now under way for this species in China [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 265-270, 2013].

关键词： Antipredator vigilance Group size Human disturbance Sexual competition P6re David's deer

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Mechanical model for double side self-propelled rolling machine based on rigid and flexible contact dynamics

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第6期15卷 38-43页

作者： Yiming li Yu liu Xiang Yue zhongqiu li Xing'an liu Tianlai li College of Engineering Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China College of Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural UniversityMinistry of EducationShenyang 110866China National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design&Application Technology(liaoning) Shenyang 110866China

The objective of the present research was to establish a mechanical model to study the performance of double side self-propelled rolling *** are two key models in the modeling *** first model is the soft cover dynamics model,which is an important innovation in this *** the insulation quilt was established based on the Macro-modeling *** second model is the double side self-propelled rolling machine virtual prototype *** specifying multiple contact constraints and loadings between the soft cover dynamics model and the rigid component,the virtual prototype model was built successfully and the double side self-propelled rolling process was completely ***,the interaction mechanisms of the rigid and flexible coupling mechanics were *** virtual rolling processes of different insulation quilt lengths were analyzed under different thickness *** simulated results showed a good agreement with the experimental measurements,which suggested that the established model is an effective approach to evaluating and optimizing the rolling *** successful establishment of the mechanical model can facilitate the study of the performance of the product and further optimization,and also is of great significance to shorten the development cycle and reduce costs.

关键词： contact dynamics solar greenhouse self-propelled rolling machine mechanical model

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Do bovids evolve hindquarter markings for anti-predation?

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Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 143-148页

作者： Cong Yu lixin CHEN Sihan NING Sana ULLAH zhongqiu li Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Conservation School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Zoology Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore 54000Pakistan

Conspicuous coloration in animals serves many functions such as ***-predation strategies include motion dazzle and flash *** dazzle markings can reduce the probability of being preyed on because the predators misjudge their *** flash behavior,prey demonstrate conspicuous cue while fleeing;the predators follow them;however,the prey hide their markings and the predators assume that the prey has *** investigate whether bovids use conspicuous hindquarter markings as an anti-predatory behavior,we undertook phylogenetically controlled analyses to explore under what physiological characteristics and environmental factors bovids might have this color *** results suggested that rump patches and tail markings were more prevalent in bovids living in larger-sized groups,which supports the hypothesis of intraspecific ***,we observed the occurrence of conspicuous white hindquarter markings in bovids having smaller body size and living in larger groups,suggesting a motion dazzle ***,the feature of facultative exposing color patterns(flash markings)was not associated with body size,which was inconsistent with predictions and implied that bovids may not adopt this as an anti-predator *** was concluded that species in bovids with conspicuous white hindquarter markings adopt motion dazzle as an anti-predation strategy while fleeing and escaping from being prey on.

关键词： anti-predation bovid flash behavior hindquarter markings interspecies communication motion dazzle

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LjaFGD:Lonicera japonica functional genomicsdatabase

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第8期63卷 1422-1436页

作者： Qiaoqiao Xiao zhongqiu li Mengmeng Qu Wenying Xu Zhen Su Jiaotong Yang Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guizhou550025 China State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193 China Research Center for Clinical&Translational Medicine Fifth Medical Center for General Hospital of PLABeijing100039 China

Lonicera japonica Thunb.,a traditional Chinese herb,has been used for treating human diseases for thousands of ***,the genome of *** has been decoded,providing valuable information for research into gene ***,no comprehensive database for gene functional analysis and mining is available for *** therefore constructed LjaFGD(***/LjaFGD and ***/LjaFGD),a database for analyzing and comparing gene function in *** constructed a gene co-expression network based on 77 RNA-seq samples,and then annotated genes of *** by alignment against protein sequences from public *** also introduced several tools for gene functional analysis,including Blast,motif analysis,gene set enrichment analysis,heatmap analysis,and *** co-expression network revealed that MYB and WRKY transcription factor family genes were co-expressed with genes encoding key enzymes in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid and luteolin in *** used flavonol synthase 1(LjFLS1)as an example to show the reliability and applicability of our *** and its various associated tools will provide researchers with an accessible platform for retrieving functional information on *** genes to further biological discovery.

关键词： co-expression network functional annotation functional analysis tools Lonicera japonica

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Azure-winged magpies solve string-pulling tasks by partial understanding of the physical cognition

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 385-392页

作者： lin Wang Yunchao Luo Xin Wang Abudusaimaiti Maierdiyali Hao Chang zhongqiu li School of life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China

String-pulling is one of the most widely used paradigms in an imal cog nition research. We in vestigated how azure-wi nged magpies Cyanopica cyan us solve multiple-string problems that they have never encountered before. In Experiment 1, the strings were arranged in parallel, slanted, or crossed to investigate what rules azure-winged magpies use to solve multiple spatial relations of strings. Experiment 2 assessed whether the subjects understood the connection between the string and the bait while taking advantage of broken strings. In Experiment 3, the subjects were confronted with strings of different lengths attached to rewards in order to explore whether the string length, as a proxy for the pulling efficiency or reward distanee, was crucial for the birds' choice of which string to pull. Gen erally, the birds were successful in tasks where the reward was close to the correct string's end, and they relied on a "proximity rule" in most cases. The results showed that azure-winged magpies had a partial understanding of the physical principles underlying the string-pulling but were stumped by complex spatial relations. They likely relied on simple strategies such as the proximity rule to solve the tasks. The effects of in dividual difference and experiential learning on string-pulling performance are also discussed.

关键词： string-pulling azure-winged magpies animal cognition personality

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Using a behavior random permutation model to identify displacement grooming in ungulates

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Current Zoology 2023年第2期69卷 200-207页

作者： Yunchao Luo lin Wang Le Yang Xiao-Fen li Patrick Anselme Xinxin Wang Xingjun Tian zhongqiu li Lab of Animal Behavior and Conservation School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology Lhasa 850000China Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 DongChuan RoadShanghai 200240China Department of Biopsychology Ruhr-Universitat Bochum 44801BochumGermany

Behavior affects an individual's life in all aspects,e.g.,enhancing fitness,leveraging predation risk,and reducing competition with ***,the sequential distribution of behaviors received less attention and is unclear what the function of displacement behavior *** activities can be found in vertebrate species but there is no formal method to determine whether a behavior is expressed as a displaced or normal *** the sequential distributions of behaviors in a natural setting may allow researchers to identify unexpected distributions as a possible signature of displacement *** this study,we used a behavior random permutation model to detect the presence of a displacement activity in the Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii and the Tibetan gazelle Procapra *** results showed that grooming in both ungulates tended to be accompanied with vigilance,and the frequency of grooming after vigilance was significantly higher than before vigilance.A significant positive correlation between the scan rate and grooming rate in the 2 ungulates was *** suggest that grooming could sometimes be expressed as a displacement activity in *** addition to providing a general method for further research on displacement activities in a variety of animal species,this study sheds light on the importance of a spectral analysis of sequential distribution of animal *** random permutation models can be used to explore the relevance between any 2 behaviors in a specific sequence,especially to identify a myriad of unexpected behaviors relative to their normal context of occurrence.

关键词： behavior sequence displacement activity self-grooming vigilance random distribution behavioral analysis method

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