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Changes in corneal nerve morphology and function in patients with dry eyes having type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第10期10卷 3014-3026页

作者： Wei Fang zhong-xi lin Hui-Qing Yang Lei Zhao Da-Chuan Liu Zhi-Qiang Pan Department of Ophthalmology Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Department of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren Eye CenterBeijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005BeijingChina Department of Neurology Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Department of Endocrinology Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China

BACKGROUND Dry eye syndrome(DES)is a common disease with various clinical *** had a significant association with *** reflex(BR)is also known as trigeminal nerve facial *** stimulation of corneal nerves is one of the origins of BR *** parasympathetic fibers sent out through the facial nerve are the outlet of tear *** can be used to assess the function of the corneal nerve closed-loop;however,whether the BR changes in these patients is *** To understand the morphology and function of the corneal nerve in patients with dry eyes having diabetes or *** This study enrolled 131 patients who visited the inpatient and outpatient services of ophthalmology and endocrinology departments between January 2019 to August 2020 with subjective symptoms of dry eyes and non-dry eye reasons,as well as volunteers such as *** patients were divided into four groups:DEwDM,with dry eyes having type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM);DMnDE,with T2DM not having dry eyes;DEnDM,with dry eyes not having diabetes;and nDMnDE,with neither dry eyes nor *** tear film break-up time,Schirmer I test,in vivo confocal microscopy,and BR were *** The DEwDM,DMnDE,DEnDM,and nDMnDE groups included 56,22,33,and 20 patients,*** and age were not statistically different among the four *** nerve fiber length(NFL)of patients in the DEwDM,DEnDM,and DMnDE groups reduced(Plink reflexes increased only in the DEwDM group(P=0.008,P=0.001,P<0.001,compared with the DMnDE,DEnDM,and nDMnDE groups,respectively).The NBD and R1 Latency were different between DEwDM and DEnDM groups in patients with moderate and severe dry *** The corneal nerve morphology changed in patients with dry eyes or diabetes,or

关键词： Blink reflex Corneal nerve Diabetes mellitus Dry eye Tear secretion

Triboelectric nanogenerator integrated with a simple controlled switch for regularized water wave energy harvesting

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7585-7592页

作者： Hongbo Yang xi Liang Junwu Kan zhong lin Wang Tao Jiang Zhanyong Hong College of Engineering Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor Center for High-Entropy Energy and SystemsBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure Department of PhysicsCapital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China Guangzhou Institute of Blue Energy Guangzhou 510555China Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA 30332-0245USA Yonsei Frontier Lab Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea

Ocean is full of low-frequency,irregular,and widely distributed wave energy,which is suitable as the energy source for maritime Internet of Things(IoTs).Utilizing triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)to harvest ocean wave energy and power sensors is proven to be an effective ***,in random ocean waves,the irregular electrical energy output by general TENGs restricts the *** present,achieving regularized water wave energy harvesting relies on rather complex mechanical structure designs,which is not conducive to *** this work,we proposed a novel mechanical controlled TENG(MCTENG)with a simple controlled switch to realize the regularization *** structural parameters of the MC-TENG are optimized,and the optimal output voltage,output current,and transferred charge respectively reach 1684.2 V,85.4μA,and 389.9 nC,generating a peak power density of 38.46 W·m^(−3)·Hz^(−1).Under real water wave environment,the output of the MC-TENG is regularized and keeps stable regardless of any wave ***,the potential applications of the MC-TENG are demonstrated in powering environmental temperature,humidity,and wind speed *** work renders a simple approach to achieve effective regularized ocean wave energy harvesting,promoting the TENG industrialization toward practical application of maritime IoTs.

关键词： water wave energy harvesting triboelectric nanogenerators random excitation mechanical control regular output

Reaction behavior of MgO refractory with high-Mn and high-Al steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第6期31卷 1389-1398页

作者： ling-zhong Kong lin Zu Jie Yang xi-min Zang xin Yang Ming Kang School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan 114051LiaoningChina

To understand the mechanism of the interfacial reaction between high-Mn and high-Al steel and MgO refractory,a series of laboratory experiments as well as thermodynamic calculations were *** effects of Mn and Al contents in the steel and the reaction time on the interfacial reaction were *** was observed that the erosion of the MgO refractory is caused by the reaction of Al and Mn in the steel with MgO in the refractory,which would lead to the formation of(Mn,Mg)O·Al_(2)O_(3) spinel and(Mn,Mg)O solid *** formation mechanism of the spinel and solid solution is as *** Al in the steel firstly reacts with MgO in the refractory to generate MgO·Al_(2)O_(3) spinel,and then,the spinel reacts with Mn in the steel to form(Mn,Mg)O·Al_(2)O_(3) ***,the MnO in the spinel reacts with the MgO in the inner refractory to form(Mn,Mg)O solid *** addition,only(Mn,Mg)O·Al_(2)O_(3) spinel is present in the interfacial reaction layer of the refractory when the Al content in the steel is sufficient.

关键词： High-Mn high-Al steel MgO refractory Reaction behavior Spinel

Recent progress in self-propelled particles

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 61-77页

作者： Zhen-yu Ouyang Jian-zhong lin Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering Ministry of EducationNingbo UniversityNingbo315201China Department of Mechanics State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic SystemsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

Self-propelled particles are commonly found in a large number of planktonic organisms such as bacteria,fungi,and algae in nature,and researchers have taken a long interest in exploring their swimming mechanisms for more than a *** in the past 20 years,with the development of computational fluid dynamics and flow display technology,as well as the need for the design of synthetic self-propelled particles and micro-swimming devices,self-propelled particles have become the forefront and hotspot of current research in the field of fluid *** paper first introduces the swimming characteristics of common self-propelled particles,leading to a classic“squirmer”type self-propelled particle *** this basis,a systematic introduction and summary of the theoretical and numerical simulation research of“squirmer”will be ***,the main challenges and opportunities faced by the current research will be summarized.

关键词： Self-propelled particles multiphase flow hydrodynamic interaction

Uncertainty and disturbance estimator-based model predictive control for wet flue gas desulphurization system

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 182-194页

作者： Shan Liu Wenqi zhong Li Sun xi Chen Rafal Madonski School of Energy and Environment Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of EducationSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Faculty of Automatic Control Electronics and Computer ScienceSilesian University of TechnologyGliwise 44-100Poland

Wet flue gas desulphurization technology is widely used in the industrial process for its capability of efficient pollution *** desulphurization control system,however,is subjected to complex reaction mechanisms and severe disturbances,which make for it difficult to achieve certain practically relevant control goals including emission and economic performances as well as system *** address these challenges,a new robust control scheme based on uncertainty and disturbance estimator(UDE)and model predictive control(MPC)is proposed in this *** UDE is used to estimate and dynamically compensate acting disturbances,whereas MPC is deployed for optimal feedback regulation of the resultant *** viewing the system nonlinearities and unknown dynamics as disturbances,the proposed control framework allows to locally treat the considered nonlinear plant as a linear *** obtained simulation results confirm that the utilization of UDE makes the tracking error negligibly small,even in the presence of unmodeled *** the conducted comparison study,the introduced control scheme outperforms both the standard MPC and PID(proportional-integral-derivative)control strategies in terms of transient performance and ***,the results reveal that a lowpass-filter time constant has a significant effect on the robustness and the convergence range of the tracking error.

关键词： Desulphurization system Disturbance rejection Model predictive control Uncertainty and disturbance estimator Nonlinear system

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Coordination of distinctive pesticide adjuvants and atomization nozzles on droplet spectrum evolution for spatial drift reduction

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第2期66卷 250-262页

作者： Shidong Xue Jingkun Han xi xi zhong Lan Rongfu Wen Xuehu Ma State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Chemical ResourcesInstitute of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 16024China School of Fashion and Textiles The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China China Tianchen Engineering Corporation Tianjin 300400China School of Energy and Power Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

Pesticide adjuvants,as crop protection products,have been widely used to reduce drift loss and improve utilization efficiency by regulating droplet ***,the coordinated regulation mechanisms of adjuvants and nozzles on droplet spectrum remain ***,we established the relationship between droplet spectrum evolution and liquid atomization by investigating the typical characteristics of droplet diameter distribution near the *** on this,the regulation mechanisms of distinctive pesticide adjuvants on droplet spectrum were clarified,and the corresponding drift reduction performances were quantitively evaluated by wind tunnel *** shows that the droplet diameter firstly shifts to the smaller due to the liquid sheet breakup and then prefers to increase caused by droplet *** the surface tension of sprayed liquid facilitates the uniform liquid breakup and increasing the viscosity inhibits the liquid deformation,which prolong the atomization process and effectively improve the droplet *** a result,the drift losses of flat-fan and hollow cone nozzles are reduced by about 50%after adding organosilicon and vegetable oil *** contrast,the air induction nozzle shows a superior anti-drift ability,regardless of distinctive *** findings provide insights into rational adjuvant design and nozzle selection in the field application.

关键词： Pesticide drift Spray droplets Particle size distribution Spray atomization Transport processes Adjuvants

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Tuning Surface Molecular Design of Porous Carbon for Blue Energy Harvesting

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 651-662页

作者： Jian Yu zhong-lin Wang Tianwei Ma Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Hawaii at MānoaHonoluluHI 96822USA Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China College of Engineering Texas A&M University-Corpus ChristiCorpus ChristiTX 78412USA

Capacitive mixing is a promising blue energy technology due to its membrane-free electricity generation and long electrode life ***,because of limited performance,existing systems do not lend themselves to practical *** it is a crucial factor directly influencing electrode behavior,surface chemistry has largely been overlooked in capacitive ***,we show that manipulating surface functionalization alone can tune the responses of electrodes to produce a high voltage rise without altering the pore structure of the *** findings reveal that the spontaneous electrode potential of a surface-modified carbon electrode shifts negatively proportional to the surface charge due to the surface groups,which explains why and how manipulating the surface chemistry can improve the power generation capacity.

关键词： electrode Porous mixing

Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Blue Energy Harvesting and Marine Environmental Monitoring

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 204-224页

作者： Yang Jiang xi Liang Tao Jiang zhong lin Wang CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro–Nano Energy and SensorsBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA 30332USA

Blue energy,which includes rainfall,tidal current,wave,and water-flow energy,is a promising renewable resource,although its exploitation is limited by current technologies and thus remains *** form of energy is mainly harvested by electromagnetic generators(EMGs),which generate electricity via Lorenz force-driven electron *** nano genera tors(TENGs)and TENG networks exhibit superiority over EMGs in low-frequency and high-entropy energy harvesting as a new approach for blue energy harvesting.A TENG produces electrical outputs by adopting the mechanism of Maxwell’s displacement *** date,a series of research efforts have been made to optimize the structure and performance of TENGs for effective blue energy harvesting and marine environmental *** the great progress that has been achieved in the use of TENGs in this context so far,continuous exploration is required in energy conversion,device durability,power management,and environmental *** review reports on advances in TENGs for blue energy harvesting and marine environmental *** introduces the theoretical foundations of TENGs and discusses advanced TENG prototypes for blue energy harvesting,including TENG structures that function in freestanding and contact-separation *** enhancement strategies for TENGs intended for blue energy harvesting are also ***,marine environmental applications of TENGs based on blue energy harvesting are discussed.

关键词： Triboelectric nanogenerator TENG networks Blue energy Energy harvesting Ocean sensors

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Sand control mechanism of radial well filled with phase change material in hydrate reservoir

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2571-2582页

作者： xiao-Qiang Liu zhong-xi Han Zhi-lin Luo Hai-Long Lu Ying Sun Qing You Tian-Kui Guo Zhan-Qing Qu School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing Key Laboratory of Unconventional Natural Gas Geological Evaluation and Development Engineering China University of Geosciences (Beijing) China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Engineering Technology Research Institute of Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company PetroChina Beijing International Center for Gas Hydrate School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University School of Advanced Material Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China)

Radial well filled with phase change material has been proposed as a novel sand control method for hydrate exploitation. In order to reveal the sand control mechanism, CFD-DEM coupling method is applied to simulate the migration, settlement, and blockage processes of sand particles in the radial *** obtained results indicate that three scenarios have been recognized for sand particles passing through sand control medium, based on the diameter ratio of sand control medium to sand particle（Dd）:fully passing（Dd= 8.75-22.5）, partially passing and partially blocked（Dd= 3.18-5.63）, and completely blocked（Dd= 2.18-3.21）. After being captured by the sand control medium, sand particles can block pores, which increases fluid flow resistance and causes a certain pressure difference in the radial *** pressure in the radial well should be lower than the hydrate phase equilibrium pressure during sand control design, for the purpose of promoting hydrate decomposition, and sand capture. The length of the radial well should be optimized based on the reservoir pore pressure, production pressure difference,bottom hole pressure, and the pressure gradient in the radial well. It should be noticed that the sand control medium leads to a decrease in permeability after sand particles captured. Even the permeability is reduced to several hundred millidarcy, it is still sufficient to ensure the effective flow of gas and water after hydrate decomposition. Increasing fluid velocity reduces the blocking capacity of the sand control medium, mainly because of deterioration in bridging between sand particles.

关键词： Hydrate reservoir Sand control Radial well CFD-DEM