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HEN:a novel hybrid explainable neural network based framework for robust network intrusion detection

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 72-90页

作者： wei wei Sijin CHEN Cen CHEN Heshi WANG Jing LIU Zhongyao CHENG Xiaofeng ZOU School of Computer Science and Engineering Xi'an University of TechnologyShaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology School of Future Technology South China University of Technology Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University School of Computer Science Hunan University of Technology and Business Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) Agency for Science Technology and Reseach (A*STAR)

With the rapid development of network technology and the automation process for 5G, cyberattacks have become increasingly complex and threatening. In response to these threats, researchers have developed various network intrusion detection systems(NIDS) to monitor network traffic. However, the incessant emergence of new attack techniques and the lack of system interpretability pose challenges to improving the detection performance of NIDS. To address these issues, this paper proposes a hybrid explainable neural network-based framework that improves both the interpretability of our model and the performance in detecting new attacks through the innovative application of the explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)method. We effectively introduce the Shapley additive explanations(SHAP) method to explain a light gradient boosting machine(Light GBM) model. Additionally, we propose an autoencoder long-term short-term memory(AE-LSTM) network to reconstruct SHAP values previously generated. Furthermore, we define a threshold based on reconstruction errors observed during the training phase. Any network flow that surpasses the specified threshold is classified as an attack flow. This approach enhances the framework's ability to accurately identify attacks. We achieve an accuracy of 92.65%, a recall of 95.26%, a precision of 92.57%,and an F1-score of 93.90% on the dataset NSL-KDD. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach generates detection performance on par with state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： explainable artificial intelligence light gradient boosting machine machine learning network intrusion detection Shapley additive explanation hybrid explainable neural network (HEN)

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Improving hydrogen storage thermodynamics and kinetics of Ce-Mg-Ni-based alloy by mechanical milling with TiF_(3)

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1593-1607页

作者： Hongwei Shang wei Zhang Xin wei Yaqin Li Zeming Yuan Jun Li Yanghuan Zhang School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Chuzhou UniversityChuzhou 239000China Department of Functional Material Research Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteNo.76 Xueyuannan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan-Obo Multi-Metal Resources Inner Mongolia University of Science and TechnologyBaotou 014010China China Rare Earth New Material(weishan)Co. Ltd.Jining 277600China

Mg-based hydrides are too stable and the kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption is not *** efficient way to improve these shortcomings is to employ reactive ball milling to synthesize the nanocomposite materials of Mg and *** this experiment,TiF_(3)was selected as an additive,and the mechanical milling method was employed to prepare the experimental *** alloys used in this experiment were the as-cast Ce_(5)Mg_(85)Ni_(10),as-milled Ce_(5)Mg_(85)Ni_(10)and Ce_(5)Mg_(85)Ni_(10)+3 wt.%*** phase transformation,structural evolution,isothermal and non-isothermal hydrogenation and dehydrogenation performances of the alloys were inspected by XRD,SEM,TEM,Sievert apparatus,DSC and *** revealed that nanocrystalline appeared in the as-milled *** with the as-cast alloy,ball milling made the particle dimension and grain size decrease dramatically and the defect density increase *** addition of TiF_(3)made the surface of ball milling alloy particles markedly coarser and more *** milling and adding TiF_(3)distinctly improved the activation and kinetics of the ***,ball milling along with TiF_(3)can decrease the onset dehydrogenation temperature of Mg-based hydrides and slightly ameliorate their thermodynamics.

关键词： Mg-based hydrides TiF_(3) Ball milling Thermodynamics Kinetics

Additive-free synthesis of S-substituted isothioureas via visible-light-induced four-component reaction ofα-diazoesters,aryl isothiocyanates,amines and cyclic ethers

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 415-419页

作者： Yufen Lv Hongyu Ding Jinmao You wei wei Dong Yi Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal UniversityQufu 273165China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing 312000China School of Pharmacy Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou 646000China

An additive-free and environmentally friendly strategy has been realized for the construction of S-substituted isothioureas through visible-light-induced multicomponent reaction starting fromα-diazoesters,aryl isothiocyanates,amines and cyclic *** methodology features simple operation,mild reaction conditions,favorable functional group tolerance,easily available starting materials and high efficiency.

关键词： Visible-light Additive-free Four-component reaction S-Substituted isothioureas

Perenniality:From model plants to applications in agriculture

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 141-157页

作者： Bo Zhao Jia-wei Wang National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences(CEMPS)Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology(SIPPE)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shanghai 200032China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture CASShanghai 200032China New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Shanghai 200032China

To compensate for their sessile nature,plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms enabling them to adapt to ever-changing *** such prominent feature is the evolution of diverse life history strategies,particularly such that annuals reproduce once followed by seasonal death,while perennials live longer by cycling growth *** intrinsic phenology is primarily genetic and can be altered by environmental *** evolutionary transitions between annual and perennial life history strategies are common,perennials account for most species in nature because they survive well under year-round *** proportion,however,is reversed in ***,perennial crops promise to likewise protect and enhance the resilience of agricultural ecosystems in response to climate *** significant endeavors that have been made to generate perennial crops,progress is slow because of barriers in studying perennials,and many developed species await further *** findings in model species have illustrated that simply rewiring existing genetic networks can lead to lifestyle *** implies that engineering plant life history strategy can be achieved by manipulating only a few key *** this review,we summarize our current understanding of genetic basis of perenniality and discuss major questions and challenges that remain to be addressed.

关键词： perenniality developmental plasticity flowering time poplar Arabis alpina perennial crops life history strategy

空气过滤用聚芳硫醚砜/纳米二氧化硅复合静纺纳米纤维膜的制备及应用

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高分子材料科学与工程 2020年第10期36卷 141-148页

作者：赵伟王劭妤卫志美曾威王孝军天津科技大学化工与材料学院天津300457 四川大学分析测试中心四川成都610064

在纺丝液中添加疏水性气相纳米二氧化硅(SiO2),通过静电纺丝制备了具有自清洁性能的二氧化硅/聚芳硫醚砜(SiO2/PASS)复合纳米纤维膜。使用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)观察了SiO2不同含量的SiO2/PASS复合纤维膜的形貌,并对纤维膜进行了元素(E... 详细信息

在纺丝液中添加疏水性气相纳米二氧化硅(SiO2),通过静电纺丝制备了具有自清洁性能的二氧化硅/聚芳硫醚砜(SiO2/PASS)复合纳米纤维膜。使用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)观察了SiO2不同含量的SiO2/PASS复合纤维膜的形貌,并对纤维膜进行了元素(EDS)和红外光谱(FT-IR)分析,FESEM、EDS和FT-IR的结果表明,纳米SiO2加入到纤维膜可形成多级微纳结构。对纤维膜的平均孔径分析,表明纳米SiO2的加入会增大纤维膜的孔径;对纤维膜的空气过滤性能的探究发现,在一定条件下适当增加纤维膜的面密度可以提高纤维膜的综合过滤性能,面密度为3.46 g/m^2的4-SiO2/PASS复合纤维膜的综合过滤效率最佳,品质因数可达0.03549 Pa^(-1)。SiO2/PASS复合纳米纤维膜的高效过滤和超疏水特性可以使其在空气过滤领域有广泛的应用。

关键词：纳米二氧化硅自清洁聚芳硫醚砜纳米纤维空气过滤

Thermodynamic nature of black holes in coexistence region

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 27-32页

作者： Shao-Wen wei Yu-Xiao Liu Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Provinceand Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of Mo ELanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Theoretical Physics&Research Center of Gravitation Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Studying the system state of coexistence regions will peek into to reveal microscopic interactions between different phases of a thermodynamic ***,there is no effective method to study thermodynamic nature of the coexistence black hole regions for the failure of the equation of *** at these coexistence states,in this work,we develop a general approach by introducing two new ratio *** first one is the ratio of the horizon radii of the saturated coexistence small and large black holes,and the second one measures that of the small black hole molecule number to the total molecule *** demonstrate that the first parameter can serve as an order parameter to characterize the first-order phase *** study also shows that the black hole state in the coexistence region is uniquely determined by these two introduced parameters bounded between 0 and *** results are quite significant in the analytical study of phase transition and the microscopic nature of black hole in the coexistence regions.

关键词： transition. state. thermodynamic

Sub-nanosized vanadate hybrid clusters maintain glucose homeostasis and restore treatment response in inflammatory disease in obese mice

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1818-1826页

作者： Kun Chen Shengqiu Liu Yujun wei South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Emergent Soft MatterSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China

Obesity is closely related with insulin resistance and chronic ***,we report that unsaturated lipid-modified polyoxovanadates(ULPOVs)can restrict weight gain of diet-induced obese mice and improve their glycemic control and obesity-associated *** administration of the sub-nanosized ULPOVs at a low dosage for 7 weeks reduces the body weight and almost normalizes the blood glucose levels of obese mice fed on a high-fat *** treatment increases the activity of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)and reduces intestinal caloric intake,which may be the main reason for blood sugar and body weight *** addition to insulin-sensitizing,PPARγactivation induced by ULPOV treatment in obese mice with atopic dermatitis(AD)promotes the type 2 T helper(TH_(2))cell selective responses and therapeutic effects on immune dysregulation caused by *** data suggest sub-nanosized polyoxovanadate clusters as a class of potential candidates to relieve symptoms accompanied by diet-induced obesity.

关键词： polyoxovanadates lipid modification glucose homeostasis obesity inflammatory disease peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)

Control of chiral-optical activities by magnetic field based on the transformation of achiral binary crystals into chiral ternary crystals

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第7期67卷 2300-2305页

作者： Zhiyan Chen Yan Lv wei Qin College of Physics Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan 250100China Shandong Linuo Photovoltaic Hi-Tech Co. Ltd.Jinan 250100China

Multicomponent self-assembled chiral systems have attracted great attention due to their promising application in the area of spin-photonics and *** this work,through introducing an achiral third component into an achiral binary crystal,a chiral organic ternary crystal is fabricated,where both pronounced chiral-optical coupling and magnetic field dependence of chiral-optical activities are *** transformation of achiral structure into chiral structure generates a significant effect on the polarized state of light and the electron spin resonance ***,the coupling between circularly polarized photon and spin is observed in chiral ternary crystal with pronounced chiral orbit,where obvious magnetic field-transmissivity loop is ***,temperature could increase the magnitude of lattice parameters to lead to a larger helix radius to increase the chiral orbit ***,this work indicates that the further exploration of photon-chiral orbit-spin interactions in organic chiral ternary crystals is promising.

关键词： organic chiral ternary crystals chiral orbit chiral-optical activities magnetic field

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Factors Influencing the Spatial Variability of Air Temperature Urban Heat Island Intensity in Chinese Cities

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 817-829页

作者： Heng LYU wei WANG Keer ZHANG Chang CAO wei XIAO Xuhui LEE Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and SinkChina Meteorological Administration(ECSS-CMA)/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089China School of the Environment Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA

Few studies have investigated the spatial patterns of the air temperature urban heat island(AUHI)and its controlling *** this study,the data generated by an urban climate model were used to investigate the spatial variations of the AUHI across China and the underlying climate and ecological drivers.A total of 355 urban clusters were *** performed an attribution analysis of the AUHI to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its *** results show that the midday AUHI is negatively correlated with climate wetness(humid:0.34 K;semi-humid:0.50 K;semi-arid:0.73 K).The annual mean midnight AUHI does not show discernible spatial patterns,but is generally stronger than the midday *** urban–rural difference in convection efficiency is the largest contributor to the midday AUHI in the humid(0.32±0.09 K)and the semi-arid(0.36±0.11 K)climate *** release of anthropogenic heat from urban land is the dominant contributor to the midnight AUHI in all three climate *** rural vegetation density is the most important driver of the daytime and nighttime AUHI spatial variations.A spatial covariance analysis revealed that this vegetation influence is manifested mainly through its regulation of heat storage in rural land.

关键词： air temperature urban heat island spatial variations biophysical drivers Chinese cities climate model