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Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 in behavioral thermoregulation of the Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 608-618页

作者： Jing WEN Tingbei BO zhijun zhao Dehua WANG State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Life and Environmental Sciences Wenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Life Sciences Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

Ambient temperature considerably affects the physiology and behavior of mammals.Thermosensory and thermoregulatory abilities play an important role in the response to changing ambient temperature in endotherms.However,the molecular mechanisms of behavioral thermoregulation remain poorly understood.Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1(TRPV1)is activated by changes in ambient temperature and is involved in acute thermoregulation.Here,we aimed to determine whether TRPV1 is involved in behavioral thermoregulation in wild rodents by conducting 2 experiments.In the first,42 adult Mongolian gerbils(Meriones unguiculatus;14 per treatment)were randomly assigned to 3 housing temperatures(4,23,and 36℃for 4 weeks.In the second,20 gerbils(10 per treatment)were randomly injected with capsaicin(TRPV1 agonist)or AMG517(TRPV1 antagonist).The results showed a significant decrease in food intake and non-shivering thermogenesis in the gerbils housed at 36℃.Additionally,there was a significant increase in the preference of gerbils housed at 4℃ to low temperatures.The expression of TRPV1 protein in the brown adipose tissue(BAT)and liver was significantly positively correlated with that of protein kinase A(PKA).The expression of TRPV1 and PKA proteins in the BAT was positively correlated with the temperature preference of the gerbils.The gerbils injected with capsaicin preferred significantly lower temperatures than the control group gerbils.These findings suggest that TRPV1 and PKA are involved in behavioral thermoregulation in Mongolian gerbils.

关键词： brown adipose tissue(BAT) capsaicin Mongolian gerbils protein kinase A(PKA) transient receptor potential vanilloid-1(TRPV1)

Study of the spatial growth of stimulated Brillouin scattering in a gas-filled hohlraum via detecting the driven ion acoustic wave

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 36-49页

作者： Chaoxin Chen Tao Gong Zhichao Li Liang Hao Yonggang Liu Xiangming Liu Hang zhao Yaoyuan Liu Kaiqiang Pan Qi Li Sanwei Li zhijun Li Sai Jin Feng Wang Dong Yang Laser Fusion Research Center China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyangSichuan 621900People’s Republic of China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094People’s Republic of China

In an experiment performed on the Shenguang-III prototype laser facility, collective Thomson scattering (TS) is used to study the spatialgrowth of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a gas-filled hohlraum by detecting the SBS-driven ion acoustic wave. High-quality timeresolved SBS and TS spectra are obtained simultaneously in the experiment, and these are analyzed by a steady-state code based on theray-tracing model. The analysis indicates that ion–ion collisions may play an important role in suppressing SBS growth in the Au plasma;as aresult, the SBS excited in the filled gas region is dominant. In the early phase of the laser pulse, SBS originates primarily from the high-densityplasma at the edges of the interaction beam channel, which is piled up by the heating of the interaction beam. Throughout the duration of thelaser pulse, the presence of the TS probe beam might mitigate SBS by perturbing the density distribution around the region overlapping withthe interaction beam.

关键词： scattering filled Brillouin

Temperature determines the shift of thermal neutral zone and influences thermogenic capacity in striped hamsters

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 353-371页

作者： Shasha LIAO Song TAN Meizhi JIANG Jing WEN Jinsong LIU Jing CAO Ming LI zhijun zhao College of Life and Environmental Science Wenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection Wenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina

The thermoneutral zone(TNZ)reﬂects the adaptation of mammals to their natural habitat.However,it remains unclear how TNZ shifts in response to variations in ambient temperature.To test the hypothesis that ambient temperature plays a key role in determining TNZ variations between seasons,we measured metabolic rate,body temperature,and cytochrome c oxidase(COX)activity of several visceral organs in striped hamsters(Cricetulus barabensis)either acclimated to semi-natural conditions over a year,or subjected to a gradual decrease in mean temperature from 30±1°C to-15±1°C.The TNZ range in striped hamsters differed seasonally,with a wider TNZ and a lower lower-critical temperature in winter compared to summer.The hamsters showed a consider-able leftward shift of lower-critical temperature from 30°C to 20°C after the ambient temperature of acclimation from 30°C down to-15°C,whereas the upper-critical temperature of TNZ remainedﬁxed at 32.5°C.The rest-ing metabolic rate in thermoneutral zone(RMRt),nonshivering thermogenesis(NST),and COX activity of brown adipose tissue,liver,skeletal muscle,brain,and kidneys,increased signiﬁcantly in hamsters acclimated at lower ambient temperatures.Following acute exposure to 5°C and-15°C,hamsters acclimated to 32.5°C had signiﬁ-cantly lower maximal NST and lower serum thyroid tri-iodothyronine(T3)levels compared to those kept at 23°C.Theseﬁndings suggest that acclimation to the upper-critical temperature of TNZ impairs the hamsters’thermo-genic capacity to cope with extreme cold temperature.Reduced ambient temperature was mainly responsible for the leftward shift of TNZ in striped hamsters,which reﬂects the adaptation to cold environments.

关键词： metabolic rate striped hamster temperature thermoneutral zone(TNZ) thyroid hormone

Efficient and stable organic solar cells enabled by a poly(carbazole phosphonic acid)hole transporter

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 1941-1945页

作者： zhijun Ren Siwei Luo Xiaoyu Shi Yunjie Dou Tianxiao Liu Lingyuan Wang Kwok Kiu Tsang Feifei Wang Yu zhao Yangyang Liu Xiaodong Hu Xiaoxiao Peng Wei Liu He Yan Shangshang Chen State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials&TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Department of Chemistry Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional MaterialsEnergy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese NationalEngineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong999077China

Conventional self-assembled monolayer(SAM)hole transporters in organic solar cells(OSCs)generally suffer from poor uniformity and limited thickness tolerance,hindering their large-scale production.To overcome these limitations,we introduce a novel polymeric hole transporter synthesized by polymerizing carbazole phosphonic acid(PACz).The resultant Poly-2PACz material exhibits exceptional conductivity,high tolerance for variations in layer thickness,and improved film uniformity compared with conventional SAMs.Consequently,the OSCs utilizing Poly-2PACz achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 19.1%and a high fill factor of 81.2%,surpassing the devices based on 2PACz.Moreover,Poly-2PACz-based OSCs demonstrate excellent operational stability,retaining over 80%of their initial efficiency after 1,400 h of continuous light exposure in ambient conditions.This work presents a novel strategy for designing hole transporters,paving the way for more efficient and stable OSCs.

关键词： organic solar cells hole transporters poly(carbazole phosphonic acid) stability

Correlations between phytohemagglutinin response and leukocyte profile,and bactericidal capacity in a wild rodent

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第3期10卷 302-310页

作者： Zhiqiang ZHANG zhijun zhao College of Animal Science and Technology Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina College of Life and Environmental Science Wenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina

phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-induced swelling is widely used to investigate cell-mediated and innate immunity across different vertebrate taxa.However,its physiological mechanism is still an open question due to the complexity of the involved immune components.In the present study,we measured the synchronous variations of PHA response,the proportion of different subtypes of leukocytes,as well as serum bactericidal capacity in circulation blood at 6,12 and 24 h after PHA versus PBS injection in striped hamster,Cricetulus barabensis.First,the results showed that PHA responses reached a peak at 6 h postinjection,then sharply declined at 12 h and 24 h postinjection.Serum bactericidal capacity was higher at 6 h and 12 h than at 24 h.The proportion of different subtypes of leukocytes,as well as the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes did not display significant changes across different time points.Second,PHA response was positively correlated with the proportion of neutrophils and serum bactericidal capacity.The proportion of monocytes was negatively correlated with that of eosinophils and neutrophils.The proportion of basophils was negatively correlated with that of lymphocytes.Our results indicate that earlier enhanced PHA response is important for the striped hamster to cope with changing environmental conditions due to its small body mass,and the increased components of innate immunity in circulation blood may contribute to the enhancement of PHA swelling response.

关键词： Cricetulus barabensis neutrophils phytohemagglutinin serum bactericidal capacity striped hamster

数字技术支持农技推广服务的创新机理和实践价值——基于两个数字化农技服务案例的分析

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中国农村经济 2024年第4期 79-98页

作者：高芸赵芝俊中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所

数字技术是新一轮科技革命中典型的通用目的技术,通过技术融合和场景应用,赋能各行业,使新技术、新产品和新服务不断涌现。本文基于对两个数字化农技服务案例的分析,揭示数字化农技服务“数字技术支撑-市场化机制驱动”的创新机理。研... 详细信息

数字技术是新一轮科技革命中典型的通用目的技术,通过技术融合和场景应用,赋能各行业,使新技术、新产品和新服务不断涌现。本文基于对两个数字化农技服务案例的分析,揭示数字化农技服务“数字技术支撑-市场化机制驱动”的创新机理。研究发现:数字化农技服务可为农户提供作物全生育期的多环节、保姆式技术咨询和作业托管服务,通过线上农技服务与线下乡村社群互动的紧密配合,实现低成本技术推广、落实与监督。数字化农技服务放宽了农业技术采纳对农民受教育程度、认知水平和劳动能力等方面的要求,同时提升了服务主体的技术吸收、技术集成和生产管理能力,并且可以牵引多主体参与技术共创,形成技术迭代升级机制。数字化农技服务可在多环节产生增值收益,不仅帮助农户实现节本、增产和提质,还能够实现农技服务市场化运营、农资集中采买和配送、规模化农事托管服务等高效生产运营。本文研究为农村劳动力老龄化、农地细碎化、资源环境约束趋紧等不利条件下的农技推广服务创新提供新思路,对进一步拓展数字化农技服务实践价值与功能开展理论探讨,为抓住数字变革机遇、构建农户技术进步长效机制提供可行方案。

关键词：农技推广服务数字化创新增值收益

Emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8)clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in grebes in Inner Mongolia and Ningxia,China,in 2021

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 348-353页

作者： Qiuzi Xu Xinru Lü Yi Li Hua Luo Zhen Zhang Xiang Li Rongxiu Qin Qing An Fengyi Qu Zhenliang zhao Chengbo Zhang Weidong Wang Yuecheng Li Yajun Wang Xiangwei Zeng zhijun Hou Jingqiang Ren Yulong Wang Yanbing Li Hongliang Chai College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150040China Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology Institute of VirologyWenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325000China Ordos Forestry and Grassland Administration Ordos 017000China Monitoring Center for Terrestrial Wildlife Epidemic Diseases Yinchuan 750000China

Highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)subtype H5Nx viruses have spread globally and are a major concern for poultry,wild birds,mammals,and even humans(de Vries et al.2015;Zeng et al.2022).The hemagglutinin(HA)genes of H5 subtype viruses have evolved into multiple clades and some of these clades have been further divided into subclades(Cui et al.2022).Clade 2.***.4.4H5N8 HPAI viruses(HPAIVs)have caused several waves of disease outbreaks in wild birds and domestic poultry(Wang et al.2022).

关键词： poultry Ningxia influenza

Phytolith evidence for human-plant subsistence in Yahuai Cave(Guangxi, South China) over the past 30000 years

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第11期63卷 1745-1757页

作者： Yan WU Guangmao XIE Limi MAO zhijun zhao Miriam BELMAKER Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044China College of History Culture and TourismGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541001China Guangxi Institute of Cultural Relic Protection and Archaeology Nanning 530022China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Institute of Archaeology Chinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing 100710China Department of Anthropology University of TulsaTulsaOklahoma 74104USA

South China preserves a rich archaeological record elucidating the evolution of early modern humans during the Late Pleistocene.However,few studies on plant utilization were conducted in this region.We used phytolith analysis from Yahuai Cave,Guangxi,to infer human use of plant resources over the past 30000 years.AMS 14C dating was used to constrain the chronological framework.Results indicate that several economically essential species were present throughout the sequence including Urticineae(cf.Ulmus sp.),which appears in the lower layers of the sequence(Marine Isotope Stage 3 through Heinrich 1);bamboo and palm which appear throughout the sequence,and wild rice which appears in a clear archaeological context dating to 16000 years ago.This is the earliest record of wild rice in South China and a prerequisite for rice domestication.The unique stone tool assemblages,which resemble those in north China as opposed to South China,point to the possibility that humans,seeking refuge from the colder north,brought their tool kit with them and utilized familiar northern taxa.Warmer South China would have served as a refuge for human populations escaping the cold,harsh climate in the north with more ameliorate conditions in the south.

关键词： Phytolith Wild rice South China Bamboo Late Pleistocene

Cosmogenic^(10)Be dating of the oldest moraine in the Hengduan Mountains

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第10期66卷 2211-2223页

作者： Zhigang ZHANG Jiahong ZHENG Haitao CUI zhijun zhao Xinggong KONG Chaogang ZHENG Hong ZHANG Fei GUO Zhiyang CHANG Xue YUAN Mingyang YAN Jie ZHANG Jian WANG School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Nanjing Normal University) Ministry of EducationNanjing210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing210023China Tourism and Social Administration College NanJing XiaoZhuang UniversityNangjing211171China

The Hengduan Mountains is in the transitional zone between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)and the YunnanGuizhou Plateau in China,and a key area for elucidating the Quaternary environmental changes in Asia.The paleo-Daocheng ice cap was located on the Shaluli Hilly Plateau in the northeastern Hengduan Mountains,the oldest moraines in the Hengduan Mountains region were found in the ice cap area.Such glacial landforms provide key evidence to study the timing when this area entered the cryosphere with the uplift of the QTP.However,it is difficult to collect suitable glacial boulders from these moraines for traditional terrestrial in-situ cosmogenic nuclide(TCN)exposure dating because of long-term severe moraine degradation.Here,we collected clast samples from the moraine surface and depth profile to constrain the age of the oldest moraine in Kuzhaori(moraine E)using TCN^(10)Be dating technique.The minimum^(10)Be ages of five clast samples from the moraine surface range from 187.4±1.5 to 576.8±4.3 ka,implying that the moraine has been seriously degraded since deposition.Based on the TCN^(10)Be concentrations of the samples from a depth profile and simulations,the exposure-erosion-inheritance history of the profile was obtained.By fitting to the profile^(10)Be concentrations using the chi-square test,the simulations yielded a reliable age of 626.0±52.5 ka for the moraine.Therefore,the oldest moraine(moraine E)in Kuzhaori was most likely formed at about 0.63Ma ago,corresponding to the marine isotope stage(MIS)16.This glaciation represents the maximum Quaternary glaciation after the QTP was elevated into the cryosphere by the Kunlun-Yellow River Tectonic Movement.

关键词： Hengduan Mountains Paleo-Daocheng ice cap Terrestrial in-situ cosmogenic nuclide^(10)Be Depth profile Exposure dating