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Artificial Immune Detection for Network Intrusion Data Based on Quantitative Matching Method

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2361-2389页

作者： CaiMing Liu yan Zhang zhihui Hu Chunming Xie School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence Leshan Normal UniversityLeshan614000China Intelligent Network Security Detection and Evaluation Laboratory Leshan Normal UniversityLeshan614000China Internet Natural Language Intelligent Processing Key Laboratory of Education Department of Sichuan Province Leshan Normal UniversityLeshan614000China

Artificial immune detection can be used to detect network intrusions in an adaptive approach and proper matching methods can improve the accuracy of immune detection methods.This paper proposes an artificial immune detection model for network intrusion data based on a quantitative matching method.The proposed model defines the detection process by using network data and decimal values to express features and artificial immune mechanisms are simulated to define immune elements.Then,to improve the accuracy of similarity calculation,a quantitative matching method is proposed.The model uses mathematical methods to train and evolve immune elements,increasing the diversity of immune recognition and allowing for the successful detection of unknown intrusions.The proposed model’s objective is to accurately identify known intrusions and expand the identification of unknown intrusions through signature detection and immune detection,overcoming the disadvantages of traditional methods.The experiment results show that the proposed model can detect intrusions effectively.It has a detection rate of more than 99.6%on average and a false alarm rate of 0.0264%.It outperforms existing immune intrusion detection methods in terms of comprehensive detection performance.

关键词： Immune detection network intrusion network data signature detection quantitative matching method

A review on the transformation of birnessite in the environment:Implication for the stabilization of heavy metals

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 496-515页

作者： Miao Shi Qingzhu Li Qingwei Wang Xuelei yan Bensheng Li Linhai Feng Chao Wu Rongrong Qiu Hongkai Zhang zhihui yang Weichun yang Qi Liao Liyuan Chai School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment ofHeavy Metal Pollution Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Water Pollution Control Technology Key Lab of Hunan Province Changsha 410083China

Birnessite is ubiquitous in the natural environment where heavy metals are retained and easily transformed.The surface properties and structure of birnessite change with the changes in external environmental conditions,which also affects the fate of heavy metals.Clarifying the effect and mechanism of the birnessite phase transition process on heavy metals is the key to taking effective measures to prevent and control heavy metal pollution.Therefore,the four transformation pathways of birnessite are summarized first in this review.Second,the relationship between transformation pathways and environmental conditions is proposed.These relevant environmental conditions include abiotic(e.g.,co-existing ions,pH,oxygen pressure,temperature,electric field,light,aging,pressure)and biotic factors(e.g.,microorganisms,biomolecules).The phase transformation is achieved by the key intermediate of Mn(Ⅲ)through interlayer-condensation,folding,neutralizationdisproportionation,and dissolution-recrystallization mechanisms.The AOS(average oxidation state)of Mn and interlayer spacing are closely correlated with the phase transformation of birnessite.Last but not least,the mechanisms of heavy metals immobilization in the transformation process of birnessite are summed up.They involve isomorphous substitution,redox,complexation,hydration/dehydration,etc.The transformation of birnessite and its implication on heavy metals will be helpful for understanding and predicting the behavior of heavy metals and the crucial phase of manganese oxides/hydroxides in natural and engineered environments.

关键词： Birnessite Transformation Heavy metals Pathways Mechanism

Interface sites on vanadia-based catalysts are highly active for NO_(x) removal under realistic conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 523-536页

作者： zhihui Lv Guangzhi He Wenshuo Zhang Jingjing Liu Zhihua Lian yang yang Zidi yan Guangyan Xu Wenpo Shan Yunbo Yu Hong He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou 341000China Ningbo Research Center for Urban Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315800China

TiO_(2)-supported V_(2)O_(5)catalysts are commonly used in NO_(x)reduction with ammonia due to their robust catalytic performance.Over these catalysts,it is generally considered that the active species are mainly derived from the vanadia species rather than the intrinsic structure of V-O-Ti entities,namely the interface sites.To reveal the role of V-O-Ti entities in NH_(3)-SCR,herein,we prepared TiO_(2)/V_(2)O_(5)catalysts and demonstrated that V-O-Ti entities were more active for NO_(x)reduction under wet conditions than the V sites(V=O)working alone.On the V-O-Ti entities,kinetic measurements and first principles calculations revealed that NH_(3)activation exhibited a much lower energy barrier than that on V=O sites.Under wet conditions,the V-O-Ti interface significantly inhibited the transformation of V=O to V-OH sites thus benefiting NH_(3)activation.Under wet conditions,meanwhile,the migration of NH_(4)^(+)from Ti site neighboring the V-O-Ti interface to Ti site of the V-O-Ti interface was exothermic;thus,V-O-Ti entities together with neighboring Ti sites could serve as channels linking NH_(3)pool and active centers for activation of NH_(4)^(+).This finding reveals that the V-O-Ti interface sites on V-based catalysts play a crucial role in NO_(x)removal under realistic conditions,providing a new perspective on NH_(3)-SCR mechanism.

关键词： NO_(x)removal Vanadia-based catalysts V-O-Ti entities Interface sites Reaction mechanism

Teleportation goes to Hertz rate

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光:科学与应用(英文版) 2023年第8期12卷 1446-1448页

作者： zhihui yan Xiaojun Jia State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices Institute of Opto-ElectronicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Extreme OpticsShanxi University030006 TaiyuanChina

Quantum teleportation has been developed to simultaneously realize the Hertz rate and the 64-km distance through fiber channels,which is essential to real-world application of quantum network.

关键词： quantum simultaneous Quantum

Steric hindrance modulation of hexaazatribenzanthraquinone isomers for high-capacity and wide-temperature-range aqueous proton battery

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 271-282页

作者： Mingsheng yang Yuxin Hao Bei Wang yan Wang Liping Zheng Rui Li Huige Ma Xinyu Wang Xiaoming Jing Hongwei Li Mengxiao Li zhihui Wang Yujie Dai Guangcun Shan Mingjun Hu Jun Luo Jun yang School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy &Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Center on Nanoenergy Research Guangxi University School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering Beihang University ShenSi Lab Shenzhen Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Organic materials with rich active sites are good candidates of high-capacity anodes in aqueous batteries,but commonly low utilization of active sites limits their capacity.Herein,two isomers,symmetric and asymmetric hexaazatribenzanthraquinone（s-HATBAQ and a-HATBAQ）,with rich active sites have been synthesized in a controllable manner.It has been revealed for the first time that a sulfuric acid catalyst can facilitate the stereoselective formation of s-HATBAQ.Attributed to the reduced steric hindrance in favor of proton insertion as well as the amorphous structure conducive to electrochemical dynamics,s-HATBAQ exhibits 1.5 times larger specific capacity than a-HATBAQ.Consequently,the electrode of s-HATBAQ with50% reduced graphene oxide（s-HATBAQ-50%rGO） delivers a record high specific capacity of405 mAh g-1in H2SO4electrolyte.Moreover,the assembled MnO2//s-HATBAQ-50%rGO aqueous proton full batteries show an exceptional cycling stability at 25℃ and can maintain ～92% capacity after1000 cycles at 0.5 A g-1at-80℃.This work demonstrates the controllable synthesis of isomers,showcases a wide-temperature-range prototype proton battery and highlights the significance of precise mole cular structure modulation in organic energy storage.

关键词： stereoisomers steric effect aqueous battery super cycling stability ultra-low temperature proton battery

Mutually testing source-device-independent quantum random number generator

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Photonics Research 2022年第3期10卷 646-652页

作者： Jialin Cheng Jiliang Qin Shaocong Liang Jiatong Li zhihui yan Xiaojun Jia Kunchi Peng State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices Institute of Opto-ElectronicsShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China

Quantum random numbers have an incomparable advantage over pseudo-random numbers since randomness originates from intrinsic property of quantum mechanics.The generation rate and the security of quantum random numbers are two significant indicators of a quantum random number generator(QRNG)for practical applications.Here we propose a mutually testing source-device-independent QRNG by simultaneously measuring a pair of conjugate quadratures from two separate parts of an untrusted continuous-variable quantum state.The amounts of randomness of the quadratures can be mutually estimated by each other via entropic uncertainty principle.Instead of randomly toggling between the conjugate quadratures of one state for collecting different types of data,two quadratures can generate check data and raw bits simultaneously and continuously in this mutually testing manner,which enhances the equivalent generation rate of private random bits to around 6 Gbit/s with a 7.5 mW laser beam.Moreover,the overall security is also improved by adjusting the conditional min-entropy in real time according to the continually monitored fluctuations of the local oscillator and the randomly measured electronic noise of homodyne detectors.

关键词： quantum random testing

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连续变量光场偏振态的可逆控制系统

光学学报 2024年第10期44卷 443-451页

作者：张晋亮吴量闫捷利闫智辉贾晓军山西大学物理电子工程学院山西太原030006 山西工程科技职业大学信息工程学院山西晋中030619 山西大学光电研究所量子光学与光量子器件国家重点实验室山西太原030006

连续变量光场偏振态的量子隐形传态不仅适合于远距离的量子态传输,而且可以直接和原子节点相互作用。实现连续变量光场任意偏振态的可逆控制是实现其量子隐形传态的关键。设计和实现了基于现场可编辑逻辑阵列的连续变量光场偏振态的可... 详细信息

连续变量光场偏振态的量子隐形传态不仅适合于远距离的量子态传输,而且可以直接和原子节点相互作用。实现连续变量光场任意偏振态的可逆控制是实现其量子隐形传态的关键。设计和实现了基于现场可编辑逻辑阵列的连续变量光场偏振态的可逆控制器。利用振幅分割型偏振测量方法和波片型偏振控制方法,实现了光场偏振态的测量与控制。通过算法优化和半开环结构设计,对于任意偏振态的测量误差平均值小于0.543°,转换误差平均值小于0.474°,还原误差平均值小于0.636°。该系统能够实现初始偏振态和预设偏振态之间有效转换,为连续变量偏振态的高效量子隐形传态的实现提供了必要的技术支撑。

关键词：物理光学光场偏振态偏振控制偏振测量优化算法

Imaging and clinical properties of inflammatory demyelinating pseudotumor in the spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第26期8卷 2484-2494页

作者： Ying Wang Min Wang Hui Liang Quntao Yu zhihui yan Min Kong Department of Neurology Yantai Shan Hospital

Inflammatory demyelinating pseudotumor usually occurs in the brain and rarely occurs in the spinal cord. On imaging, inflammatory demyelinating pseudotumor appears very similar to intramedullary tumors such as gliomas. It is often misdiagnosed as intramedullary tumor and surgically resected. In view of this, the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging manifestations and the pathological fea- tures of 36 cases of inflammatory demyelinating pseudotumer in the spinal cord were retrospec- tively analyzed and summarized. Most of these cases suffered from acute or subacute onset and exhibited a sensofimotor disorder. Among them, six cases were misdiagnosed as having intrame- dullary gliomas, and inflammatory demyelinating pseudotumor was only identified and pathologically confirmed after surgical resection. Lesions in the cervical and thoracic spinal cord were common. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed edema and space-occupying lesions to varying degrees at the cervical-thoracic junction, with a predominant feature of non-closed rosette-like reinforcement （open-loop sign）. Pathological examination showed perivascular cuffing of predominantly dense lymphocytes, and demyelination was observed in six of the misdiagnosed cases. These re- sults suggest that tumor-like inflammatory demyelinating disease in the spinal cord is a kind of special demyelinating disease that can be categorized as inflammatory pseudotumor. These solitary lesions are easily confused with intramedullary neoplasms. Patchy or non-closed reinforcement （open-ring sign） on magnetic resonance imaging is the predominant property of inflammatory de- myelinating pseudotumor, and inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination are additional patho- logical properties.

关键词： neural regeneration spinal cord injury spinal cord neoplasms demyelinating disease magnetic resonance imaging image enhancement multiple sclerosis gliomas inflammatory cell infiltration neuroregeneration

婴幼儿照顾者的口腔健康照护能力评估量表的编制及信效度检验

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中华护理杂志 2024年第10期59卷 1218-1225页

作者：杨柳李智慧孔燕于桂玲青岛大学护理学院青岛市266071 青岛市妇女儿童医院护理部

目的编制婴幼儿照顾者的口腔健康照护能力评估量表并检验其信效度,为医护人员评估婴幼儿照顾者的口腔健康照护能力提供科学工具。方法以信息-动机-行为技巧模型为理论基础,通过文献回顾、质性访谈、专家函询、预调查形成初始版婴幼儿照... 详细信息

目的编制婴幼儿照顾者的口腔健康照护能力评估量表并检验其信效度,为医护人员评估婴幼儿照顾者的口腔健康照护能力提供科学工具。方法以信息-动机-行为技巧模型为理论基础,通过文献回顾、质性访谈、专家函询、预调查形成初始版婴幼儿照顾者的口腔健康照护能力评估量表。采用便利抽样法,选取2023年5月—7月在青岛市某三级甲等专科医院儿童保健科就诊的218名婴幼儿照顾者进行调查,并进行项目分析及信效度检验;2023年8月—9月,选取在山东省及湖南省3所三级甲等综合医院儿童保健科就诊的330名婴幼儿照顾者,进一步验证量表结构的稳定性。结果婴幼儿照顾者的口腔健康照护能力评估量表包括喂养知识、口腔清洁及检查知识、口腔健康照护态度、口腔健康照护行为技巧4个维度,共27个条目。探索性因子分析提取4个公因子,累计方差贡献率为62.022%。量表总的Cronbach’s α系数为0.938,折半信度系数为0.774,重测信度系数为0.990。量表水平的内容效度指数为0.957,条目水平的内容效度指数为0.833~1.000;验证性因子分析结果显示,模型拟合良好,该量表因子结构稳定。结论婴幼儿照顾者的口腔健康照护能力评估量表具有良好的信效度,能够用于评估婴幼儿照顾者的口腔健康照护能力。

关键词：婴幼儿照顾者口腔健康照护能力量表编制信度效度儿科护理学