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Morphological characteristics, anatomical structure, and gene expression: novel insights into gibberellin biosynthesis and perception during carrot growth and development

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 183-192页

作者： Guang-Long Wang Fei Xiong Feng Que zhi-sheng xu Feng Wang Ai-sheng Xiong State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Key Laboratories of Crop Genetics and Physiology of the Jiangsu Province and Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Gibberellins(GAs)are considered potentially important regulators of cell elongation and expansion in *** undergoes significant alteration in organ size during its growth and ***,the molecular mechanisms underlying gibberellin accumulation and perception during carrot growth and development remain *** this study,five stages of carrot growth and development were investigated using morphological and anatomical structural *** levels in leaf,petiole,and taproot tissues were also investigated for all five *** levels in the roots initially increased and then decreased,but these levels were lower than those in the petioles and *** involved in gibberellin biosynthesis and signaling were identified from the carrotDB,and their expression was *** of the genes were evidently responsive to carrot growth and development,and some of them showed tissue-specific *** results suggested that gibberellin level may play a vital role in carrot elongation and *** relative transcription levels of gibberellin pathway-related genes may be the main cause of the different bioactive GAs levels,thus exerting influences on gibberellin perception and *** growth and development may be regulated by modification of the genes involved in gibberellin biosynthesis,catabolism,and perception.

关键词： insight roots initially

Generating colorful carrot germplasm through metabolic engineering of betalains pigments

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Horticulture Research 2023年第4期10卷 63-70页

作者： Yuan-Jie Deng Ao-Qi Duan Hui Liu Ya-Hui Wang Rong-Rong Zhang zhi-sheng xu Ai-sheng Xiong National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East ChinaCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural University1 WeigangNanjing 210095China

Betalains are tyrosine-derived plant pigments exclusively found in the Caryophyllales order and some higher fungi and generally classified into two groups:red-violet betacyanins and yellow-orange *** attract great scientific and economic interest because of their relatively simple biosynthesis pathway,attractive colors and health-promoting ***-expressing two core genes BvCYP76AD1 and BvDODA1 with or without a glycosyltransferase gene MjcDOPA5GT allowed the engineering of carrot(an important taproot vegetable)to produce a palette of unique *** highest total betalains content,943.2μg·g^(−1) DW,was obtained in carrot taproot transformed with p35S:RUBY which produces all of the necessary enzymes for betalains ***-specific production of betalains slightly relieved tyrosine consumption revealing the possible bottleneck in betalains ***,a unique volcano-like phenotype in carrot taproot cross-section was created by vascular cambium-specific production of *** betalains-fortified carrot in this study is thus anticipated to be used as functional vegetable and colorful carrot germplasm in breeding to promote health.

关键词： germplasm breeding orange

SRP54 Negatively Regulates IFN-Beta Production and Antiviral Response by Targeting RIG-I and MDA5

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第2期36卷 231-240页

作者： Dong-Peng Wang Hong-Yan Zhang Bo-Wei Liao Zhen Tong zhi-sheng xu Yan-Yi Wang Yan Yang Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

During virus infection,RIG-I-like receptors(RLRs)recognize viral RNAs and recruit the adaptor protein VISA to activate downstream signaling,leading to activation of transcription factors NF-κB and IRF3,which collaborate to induce type I interferons(IFNs).IFNs further induce expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes(ISGs)that suppress viral replication and facilitate the adaptive immune *** production of IFNs is implicated in various immune *** we identified Signal Recognition Particle 54(SRP54)as a negative regulator of RLRs-induced antiviral *** of SRP54 inhibited RNA virus-triggered induction of IFN-b and increased viral replication,whereas knockdown of SRP54 had opposite ***,SRP54 interacted with both RIG-I and MDA5 and impaired their association with *** findings demonstrate that SRP54 acts as a negative regulator of RLRs-mediated innate immune response by disrupting the recruitment of VISA to RIG-I/MDA5.

关键词： TypeⅠinterferons(IFNs) SRP54 RLRs-induced signaling RIG-I/MDA5 and VISA interactions

State functions/quantities in thermodynamics and heat transfer

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Fundamental Research 2022年第1期2卷 101-107页

作者： sheng-zhi xu Tian Zhao Qun Chen Xin-Gang Liang Zeng-Yuan Guo Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

In thermodynamics,it is essential to distinguish between state functions and process *** reason is that the simple compressible thermodynamic system is a bivariate-process system,and the change of internal energy,a state function,corresponds to two process functions,heat and *** the state functions in thermodynamics,entropy is a special one because it has to be defined through a process function,exchanged heatδQ,and a unique factor of integration,l/*** heat transfer,it is shown that Fourier's law and the differential equation of heat conduction are both relations of state quantities alone,and process quantities appear when an integration with respect to time is ***,an incompressible heat conduction medium element without conversion between heat and work is a univariate-process system governed by a single variable,*** this case,the change of the thermal energy(“heat content”)stored in the system,a state quantity as a function of T alone,corresponds to only one process quantity,the transferred ***,on the one hand,it is unnecessary to strictly distinguish between state quantities and process quantities in heat transfer,and on the other hand,there is no need to use a factor of integration to prove entransy a state quantity in heat *** and heat transfer are two parallel sub-disciplines in thermal *** is incorrect to deny entransy as a state quantity in heat transfer by the uniqueness of the factor of integration for entropy in thermodynamics,and entransy has significant physical meaning in the analysis and optimization of heat transfer processes.

关键词： State quantity Process quantity Entransy Entropy Univariate-process system Bivariate-process system

Integrative genome,transcriptome,microRNA,and degradome analysis of water dropwort(Oenanthe javanica)in response to water stress

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 3396-3412页

作者： Jie-Xia Liu Qian Jiang Jian-Ping Tao Kai Feng Tong Li Ao-Qi Duan Hao Wang zhi-sheng xu Hui Liu Ai-sheng Xiong State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East ChinaCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural University1 Weigang210095 NanjingChina

Water dropwort(Liyang Baiqin,Oenanthe javanica(BI.)DC.)is an aquatic perennial plant from the Apiaceae family with abundant protein,dietary fiber,vitamins,and *** usually grows in wet soils and can even grow in ***,whole-genome sequencing of *** via HiSeq 2000 sequencing technology was reported for the first *** genome size was 1.28 Gb,including 42,270 genes,of which 93.92%could be functionally *** online database of the whole-genome sequences of water dropwort,Water dropwortDB,was established to share the results and facilitate further research on ***(database homepage:http://***/waterdropwortdb).Water dropwortDB offers whole-genome and transcriptome sequences and a Basic Local Alignment Search *** analysis with other species showed that the evolutionary relationship between *** and Daucus carota was the ***-five gene families of *** were found to be expanded,and some genetic factors(such as genes and miRNAs)related to phenotypic and anatomic differentiation in *** under different water conditions were further *** miRNA and target gene pairs(miR408 and Oja15472,miR171 and Oja47040)were remarkably regulated by water *** obtained reference genome of *** provides important information for future work,thus making in-depth genetic breeding and gene editing *** present study also provides a foundation for the understanding of the *** response to water stress,including morphological,anatomical,and genetic differentiation.

关键词： vitamin stress analysis

The genome sequence of celery(Apium graveolens L.),an important leaf vegetable crop rich in apigenin in the Apiaceae family

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2648-2657页

作者： Meng-Yao Li Kai Feng Xi-Lin Hou Qian Jiang zhi-sheng xu Guang-Long Wang Jie-Xia Liu Feng Wang Ai-sheng Xiong State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East ChinaCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural University1 WeigangNanjing 210095China

Celery(Apium graveolens L.)is a vegetable crop in the Apiaceae family that is widely cultivated and consumed because it contains necessary nutrients and multiple biologically active ingredients,such as apigenin and ***,we report the genome sequence of celery based on the use of HiSeq 2000 sequencing technology to obtain 600.8 Gb of data,achieving~189-fold genome coverage,from 68 sequencing libraries with different insert sizes ranging from 180 bp to 10 kb in *** assembled genome has a total sequence length of 2.21 Gb and consists of 34,277 predicted *** DNA sequences represent 68.88%of the genome sequences,and LTR retrotransposons are the main components of the repetitive *** analysis showed that a recent whole-genome duplication event may have occurred in celery,which could have contributed to its large genome *** genome sequence of celery allowed us to identify agronomically important genes involved in disease resistance,flavonoid biosynthesis,terpenoid metabolism,and other important cellular *** comparative analysis of apigenin biosynthesis genes among species might explain the high apigenin content of *** whole-genome sequences of celery have been deposited at CeleryDB(http://***/celerydb).The availability of the celery genome data advances our knowledge of the genetic evolution of celery and will contribute to further biological research and breeding in celery as well as other Apiaceae plants.

关键词： metabolism breeding sizes

Advances in research on the carrot,an important root vegetable in the Apiaceae family

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 860-874页

作者： Feng Que Xi-Lin Hou Guang-Long Wang zhi-sheng xu Guo-Fei Tan Tong Li Ya-Hui Wang Ahmed Khadr Ai-sheng Xiong State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East ChinaCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural University1 Weigang210095 NanjingChina School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology223003 HuaianChina Faculty of Agriculture Damanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt

Carrots(Daucus carota L.),among the most important root vegetables in the Apiaceae family,are cultivated *** storage root is widely utilized due to its richness in carotenoids,anthocyanins,dietary fiber,vitamins and other *** extracts,which serve as sources of antioxidants,have important functions in preventing many *** biosynthesis,metabolism,and medicinal properties of carotenoids in carrots have been widely *** on hormone regulation in the growth and development of carrots has also been widely ***,with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology,many efficient tools have been adopted in carrot research.A large amount of sequence data has been produced and applied to improve carrot breeding.A genome editing system based on CRISPR/Cas9 was also constructed for carrot *** this review,we will briefly summarize the origins,genetic breeding,resistance breeding,genome editing,omics research,hormone regulation,and nutritional composition of *** about future research work on carrots are also briefly provided.

关键词： carrot breeding metabolism

Telomere-to-telomere carrot (Daucus carota) genome assembly reveals carotenoid characteristics

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Horticulture Research 2023年第7期10卷 112-124页

作者： Ya-Hui Wang Pei-Zhuo Liu Hui Liu Rong-Rong Zhang Yi Liang zhi-sheng xu Xiao-Jie Li Qing Luo Guo-Fei Tan Guang-Long Wang Ai-sheng Xiong State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East ChinaCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210095China Institute of Horticulture Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyangGuizhou 550025China School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuaianJiangsu 223003China Beijing Vegetable Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in North ChinaBeijing 100097China

Carrot(Daucus carota)is an Apiaceae plant with multi-colored fleshy roots that provides a model system for carotenoid *** this study,we assembled a 430.40 Mb high-quality gapless genome to the telomere-to-telomere(T2T)level of“Kurodagosun”*** total,36268 genes were identified and 34961 of them were functionally *** proportion of repeat sequences in the genome was 55.3%,mainly long terminal *** on the coverage of the repeats,14 telomeres and 9 centromeric regions on the chromosomes were predicted.A phylogenetic analysis showed that carrots evolved early in the family *** on the T2T genome,we reconstructed the carotenoid metabolic pathway and identified the structural genes that regulate carotenoid *** the 65 genes that were screened,9 were newly ***,some gene sequences overlapped with transposons,suggesting replication and functional differentiation of carotenoid-related genes during carrot *** that some gene copies were barely expressed during development,they might be functionally *** of 24 cytochrome P450 genes associated with carotenoid biosynthesis revealed the tandem or proximal duplication resulting in expansion of CYP gene *** results provided molecular information for carrot carotenoid accumulation and contributed to a new genetic resource.

关键词： carrot sequences characteristics

Temporal profiling of plasma cytokines,chemokines and growth factors from mild,severe and fatal COVID-19 patients

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 1529-1531页

作者： zhi-sheng xu Ting Shu Liang Kang Di Wu Xing Zhou Bo-Wei Liao Xiu-Lian Sun Xi Zhou Yan-Yi Wang Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics-Wuhan Institute of VirologyGuangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhou 510623China The Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health Wuhan Institute of Virology&Wuhan Jinyintan HospitalWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China The Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health Wuhan Institute of Virology&Wuhan Jinyintan HospitalWuhan Jinyintan HospitalWuhan 430023China

Dear Editor,In December 2019,a novel coronavirus that is related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)in phylogenetic distance was identified.1 This virus,which was later designated as SARS-CoV-2,also causes acute respiratory disease syndrome(ARDS)termed coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020.

关键词： acute respiratory cytokines