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Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 917-935页

作者： Dian Jiao Lai Xu Zhen Gu hua Yan Dingding shen Xiaosong Gu Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University NantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological *** regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of *** pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota *** results are lacking for conventional treatments for *** resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with ***-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of *** also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current *** studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic ***,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being ***,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

关键词： diagnosis drug treatment electroencephalography epilepsy monitoring epilepsy nerve regeneration neurostimulation non-drug interventions pathogenesis prediction

Leaching of WO_(3)from sulfuric acid converted product of scheelite in NH_(3)·H_(2)O−NH_(4)HCO_(3)solution

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2025年第1期35卷 326-337页

作者： Lei-ting shen Yu LIU Juan-lang GUO Qiu-sheng ZHOU Tian-gui QI zhi-hong PENG Gui-hua LIU Xiao-bin LI School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

The leaching of sulfuric acid converted product of scheelite in NH_(3)·H_(2)O−NH_(4)HCO_(3)solution was systemically studied to improve sulfuric acid conversion−ammonium salts leaching technology route for ammonium paratungstate *** results showed that the WO_(3)leaching efficiency was about 99%under optimal conditions of 350 r/min,liquid-to-solid ratio of 3 mL/g,1 mol/L NH_(4)HCO_(3),4 mol/L NH_(3)·H_(2)O,25℃,and 15 *** the leaching,CaSO_(4)almost had no change and was still in a banding or rod-like shape in short leaching time,while conglobate CaCO_(3)was gradually formed on the CaSO_(4)surface.A secondary reaction might occur between CaSO_(4)and WO_(4)^(2−),which could be restrained by a certain amount of CO_(3)^(2−)in the *** was no CaCO_(3)phase determined by XRD in leaching residue of converted product for scheelite concentrate under optimal conditions,which was different from that for synthetic *** leaching process could be explained by neutralization reaction of H_(2)WO_(4)and solid transformation of CaSO_(4)in NH_(3)·H_(2)O−NH_(4)HCO_(3)solution.

关键词： tungstic acid calcium sulfate leaching mechanism calcium carbonate ammonium tungstate

Flotation separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite using mineral fulvic acid as selective depressant under weakly alkaline conditions

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2025年第1期35卷 313-325页

作者： zhi-hao shen Shu-ming WEN Jia-mei HAO Qi-cheng FENG State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Faculty of Land Resource EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China

Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a *** experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger inhibition effect on pyrite than on *** separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized by introducing 150 mg/L MFA at a pulp pH of approximately *** copper grade,copper recovery,and separation efficiency were 28.03%,84.79%,and 71.66%,*** adsorption tests,zeta potential determinations,and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that more MFA adsorbed on pyrite than on chalcopyrite,which weakened the subsequent interactions between pyrite and the *** force microscope imaging further confirmed the adsorption of MFA on pyrite,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that hydrophilic Fe-based species on the pyrite surfaces increased after exposure of pyrite to MFA,thereby decreasing the floatability of pyrite.

关键词： mineral fulvic acid chalcopyrite pyrite flotation separation

Unified monogamy relations for the generalized W-class states beyond qubits

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第2期77卷 72-82页

作者： Zhong-Xi shen Wen Zhou Dong-Ping Xuan zhi-Xi Wang Shao-Ming Fei School of Mathematical Sciences Capital Normal University

The monogamy of entanglement stands as an indispensable feature within multipartite quantum systems. We study monogamy relations with respect to any partitions for the generalized W-class（GW） states based on the unified-（q, s） entanglement（UE）. We provide the monogamy relation based on the squared UE for a reduced density matrix of a qudit GW state, as well as tighter monogamy relations based on the αth（α ≥ 2） power of UE. Furthermore, for an n-qudit system ABC1...Cn-2, a generalized monogamy relation and an upper bound satisfied by the βth（0 ≤ β ≤ 1） power of the UE for the GW states under the partition AB and C1...Cn-2are established. In particular, two partition-dependent residual entanglements for the GW states are analyzed in detail.

关键词： monogamy of entanglement unified-(q,s) entanglement generalized W-class state

Numerical Simulation of Flow and Temperature Distribution in a Bottom-Blown Copper Bath

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2025年第1期21卷 121-140页

作者： Teng Xia Xiaohui Zhang Ding Ma zhi Yang Xinting Tong Yutang Zhao hua Wang State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650093China Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650093China Yimen COPPER Corp.Ltd Yuxi651100China Daye Nonferrous Metallurgical Ltd. Huangshi435000China

Smelting with oxygen bottom blowing is one of the main methods used in the frame of copper *** this approach,feed materials and oxygen-enriched air are introduced in reversed order to enhance multiphaseflow within the *** the flow structure and temperature distribution in this setup is crucial foroptimizing *** this study,gas-liquid interactions,and temperature profiles under varying air-injectionconditions are examined by means of numerical simulation for a 3.2 m×20 m *** results indicate that thehigh-velocity regions are essentially distributed near the lance within the reaction region and the flue gas outlet,while low-velocity regions are located close to the furnace walls on both side of the reaction *** regionsappear in the sedimentation region,with gas velocities surpassing those of the molten *** the injection rateincreases from 0.50 to 0.80 Nm3/s,the stabilization time of the average liquid surface velocity decreases from 2.6 sto 1.9 s,exhibiting a similar trend to the gas *** stabilization,the average liquid surface velocity risesfrom 0.505 to 0.702 m/*** average turbulent kinetic energy(TKE)of the fluid in the molten bath increases from0.095 to 0.162 m^(2)/s^(2).The proportion of the area distribution with TKE greater than 0.10 m^(2)/s^(2) and the gas holdupat steady state both rise with an increase in the injection *** maximum splashing height of the melt growsfrom approximately 0.756 to 1.154 m,with the affected area expanding from 14.239 to 20.498 m^(2).Under differentworking conditions with varying injection quantities,the average temperature changes in melt zone and flue gaszone of the furnace are *** temperature in the melt and in the flue-gas zone spans the interval 1200℃–1257℃,and 1073℃–1121℃,*** temperature distribution of the melt and flue gas reveals a patterncharacterized by elevated temperatures in the reaction zone,gradually transitioning

关键词： Copper smelting bottom-blown melting furnace flow characteristics temperature distribution numerical simulation

CMOS direct conversion X-ray detector coupled with fluorinated liquid

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 59-68页

作者： Shi-hua Liu Chao-Song Gao Xin Zhang Xiang-Ming Sun Meng Wu zhi-Hui Han Tong Wan Yong-Shuai Ge Key Laboratory of Quark&Lepton Physics(MOE) Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Guizhou Education University Guiyang 550018China Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

X-ray detectors show potential applications in medical imaging,materials science,and nuclear *** achieve high detection efficiency and spatial resolution,many conventional semiconductor materials,such as amorphous selenium,cadmium telluride zinc,and perovskites,have been utilized in direct conversion X-ray ***,these semiconductor materials are susceptible to temperature-induced performance degradation,crystallization,delamination,uneven lattice growth,radiation damage,and high dark *** study explores a new approach by coupling an FC40 electronic fluorinated liquid with a specialized high-resolution and high-readout-speed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)pixel array,specifically the Topmetal II−chip,to fabricate a direct conversion X-ray *** fluorinated liquid FC40(molecular formula:C_(21)F_(48)N_(2))is an electronic medium that is minimally affected by temperature and displays no issues with uniform *** exhibits a low dark current and minimal radiation damage and enables customizable thickness in X-ray *** addresses the limitations inherent in conventional semiconductor-based *** this study,simple X-ray detector imaging tests were conducted,demonstrating the excellent coupling capability between FC40 electronic fluorinated liquid and CMOS chips by the X-ray detector.A spatial resolution of 4.0 lp/mm was measured using a striped line par card,and a relatively clear image of a cockroach was displayed in the digital radiography imaging *** test results indicated the feasibility of fabricating an X-ray detector by combining FC40 electronic fluorinated liquid and CMOS *** to the absence of issues related to chip-material coupling,a high spatial resolution could be achieved by reducing the chip pixel *** method presents a new avenue for studies on novel liquid-based direct conversion X-ray detectors.

关键词： FC40 electronic fluorinated liquid CMOS pixel chip X-ray detector Spatial resolution

Characterization of petrophysical and seismic properties for CO2 storage with sensitivity analysis

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Petroleum Science 2025年第1期22卷 193-209页

作者： Yan-Jiao Dong Yi shen Kai Guo Xiao-Qin Wu Qiang Mao Wen-Yue Sun zhi-Qiang Wang State Key Laboratory of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploitation Geosciences Department China University of Petroleum (East China) CNOOC Research Institute Ltd. School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China)

Saline aquifers are considered as highly favored reservoirs for CO2sequestration due to their favorable properties. Understanding the impact of saline aquifer properties on the migration and distribution of CO2plume is crucial. This study focuses on four key parameters—permeability, porosity, formation pressure, and temperature—to characterize the reservoir and analyse the petrophysical and elastic response of CO2. First, we performed reservoir simulations to simulate CO2saturation, using multiple sets of these four parameters to examine their significance on CO2saturation and the plume migration ***, the effect of these parameters on the elastic properties is tested using rock physics *** established a relationship of compressional wave velocity（Vp） and quality factor（Qp） with the four key parameters, and conducted a sensitivity analysis to test their sensitivity to Vpand Qp. Finally, we utilized visco-acoustic wave equation simulated time-lapse seismic data based on the computed Vpand Qpmodels, and analysed the impact of CO2saturation changes on seismic data. As for the above numerical simulations and analysis, we conducted sensitivity analysis using both homogeneous and heterogeneous models. Consistent results are found between homogeneous and heterogeneous models. The permeability is the most sensitive parameter to the CO2saturation, while porosity emerges as the primary factor affecting both Qpand Vp. Both Qpand Vpincrease with the porosity, which contradicts the observations in gas reservoirs. The seismic simulations highlight significant variations in the seismic response to different parameters. We provided analysis for these observations, which serves as a valuable reference for comprehensive CO2integrity analysis, time-lapse monitoring, injection planning and site selection.

关键词： CO2 storage Time-lapse seismic CO2 plume Sensitivity analysis Rock physics Reservoir simulation Saline aquifer

Positive effect of Mo on mechanical properties of a Ni-42W-10Co-xMo medium heavy alloy

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China Foundry 2025年第1期22卷 108-116页

作者： Guo-xin Cao Jian-xin Dong Yong-sheng He He Jiang Fang Hao zhi-hua Nie Teng-fei Ma Bao-quan Fu School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Xi'an Superalloy Technology Co. Ltd.Xi’an 710299China School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Air-driven Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province Quzhou UniversityQuzhou 324000ZhejiangChina

In this study,a novel Ni-W-Co-Mo medium heavy alloy(MHA)was designed to improve its mechanical strength via Mo *** the Ni-42W-10Co-x Mo alloy series,where x represents the weight percent of Mo and varies between 0,1,2,5,and 10,the microstructure transitions from a dendritic structure to a hypo-eutectic structure as the Mo content increases from 0 to 5wt.%.Moreover,as the Mo content increases from 0 to 10wt.%,the distribution of theμ-phase shifts from being individually dispersed to forming aggregates,and its volume fraction rises from 0.5%to 7.9%.Notably,theμ-phase evolves into an eutectic microstructure,which helps in minimizing the segregation of *** change is accompanied by a substantial enhancement in mechanical properties;specifically,the compressive yield strength at room temperature increases from 350 MPa to 646 MPa,indicating a significant 85%***,the microhardness increases from 230 HV to 304 *** dynamics simulations further reveal that the strengthening mechanism of Ni-42W-10Co-x Mo alloys is Mo-induced solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening.

关键词： medium-heavy alloys Ni-based alloy mechanical properties solid solution strengthening precipitation strengthening

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Effects of mode of reproduction on genetic polymorphism and divergence in wild yams(Dioscoreaceae:Dioscorea)

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Plant Diversity 2025年第1期47卷 136-147页

作者： Xin Wang Qing-Hong Feng zhi-hua Zeng zhi-Qiang Zhang Jie Cai Gao Chen De-Zhu Li Hong Wang Wei Zhou Germplasm Bank of Wild Species&Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology Institute of BiodiversitySchool of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650504China Research Institute of Tropical Forestry Yunnan Academy of Forestry and GrasslandXishuangbannaYunnan 666102China CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Natural Medicines Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesLijiangYunnan 674100China

Evolutionary transitions from sexual to asexual reproduction should have significant influences on genetic divergence and polymorphism at the genome *** lineages with diverse reproductive systems provide opportunities to investigate this question using comparative approaches and studies of molecular *** investigated evidence for differences among the transcriptomes of 19 Dioscorea species(wild yams)with diverse reproductive *** included sexual species,those that propagate primarily by bulbils,and those with mixed sexual and asexual reproductive *** examined how transitions between these reproductive systems affected between-species divergence and within-species *** asexual species exhibited a reduced efficacy of natural selection and accumulation of deleterious mutations for both divergence and *** contrast,species with mixed reproductive strategies involving both seed and clonal reproduction showed no evidence of an increased fixation of harmful mutations at the divergence level,while an accumulation of genetic load present in polymorphism was *** study indicates that the genetic consequences of evolutionary transitions from sexual to predominantly clonal reproduction is likely to depend on both the duration and extent of asexuality occurring in populations.

关键词： Asexual Deleterious mutations Dioscorea Molecular evolution Selection