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β2 Adrenergic receptor on T lymphocytes and its clinical implications

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Progress in natural science:Materials International 2009年第1期19卷 17-23页

作者： Xuelai Fan a,Yuedan Wang b,a peking university,school of Pharmaceutical {3.,beijing 100083,china b peking university,school of basic medical {3.,beijing 100083,china [a]peking university School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Beijing 100083 China [b]Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing 100083 China

Sustained complex cross-talk between the immune system and the nervous system plays a vital role in retaining homeostasis in a healthy *** of the central regulatory mechanisms involved is the existence and functions of β2-adrenergic receptors(β2AR) on T *** article reviews research progress made recently,including the expression of adrenergic receptors on T lymphocytes,the structure and intracellular pathways of β2AR,the activation of β2AR by either endogenous or exogenous agonists,and the effect of β2AR stimulation on T cells which alters T cell proliferation,differentiation,cytokine production and T-helper-mediated antibody ***,we discuss the roles of β2AR played in the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune diseases.

关键词： Neuroimmunology β2-adrenergic receptor T cell Autoimmune

Kinetics of thymocyte developmental process in fetal and neonatal mice

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Cell Research 2003年第4期13卷 265-273页

作者： SHI YUN XIAO, YAN LI, WEI FENG CHENDepartment of Immunology, school of basic medical sciences, peking university Health {3. center, 3. Xueyuan Road, beijing 100083, china 1Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100083 China 1Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100083 China 1Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100083 China

Kinetics of thymocyte development in vivo during embryogenesis was pursued. The early development of thymocytes in the fetal and neonatal BALB/c mice was discontinuous, with four waves of cell proliferation occurring at fetal day (Fd) 14 to 17, Fd 18 to day (D) 1 after birth, D 2 to D 5 and D6 thereafter. The first three proliferation waves coincided with the generation of CD4/"CD8/" (DP), TCR+CD4/hiCD8-/lo (CD4 SP), and TCR+CD4-/loCD8int/hi (CD8 SP) thymocytes, respectively. The transition from DN to DP cells was further investigated and it was found out that there were two differential pathways via immature single positive (ISP) cells in the BALB/c mice, each functioning at different fetal ages. One is via TCR-CD4-CD8+ cells, occurring between Fd 15 and Fd 17 and the other is via TCR-CD4+CD8- cells, occurring from Fd 17 until birth. In contrast, the TCR-CD4-CD8+ pathway dominated overwhelmingly in the C57BL/6 mice. These findings shed new light on the hypothesis that the differential pathway preferenc

关键词： fetal thymus neonatal mice thymocyte ontogeny.

Patterns and drivers of avian taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity in china vary across geographical backgrounds and dispersal abilities

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 125-135页

作者： Jian-Chao Liang zhi-Feng Ding Chun-lin Li Yi-Ming Hu zhi-Xin Zhou Gan-Wen Lie Xiao-{3.n Niu Wen-bin Huang hui-Jian Hu Xing-Feng Si Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationInstitute of ZoologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong 510260China school of Resources and Environmental Engineering Anhui UniversityHefeiAnhui 230601China Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic GuangzhouGuangdong 510520China huizhou Institute of Forestry(huizhou Botanical Garden Management Service {3.) HuizhouGuangdong 516001China Administration of national nature Reserve for Marine Ecology of Guangdong nanpeng Islands ShantouGuangdong 515900China Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station Institute of Eco-ChongmingZhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationSchool of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

Geographical background and dispersal ability may strongly influence assemblage dissimilarity;however,these aspects have generally been overlooked in previous large-scale beta diversity ***,we examined whether the patterns and drivers of taxonomic beta diversity(TBD)and phylogenetic beta diversity(PBD)of breeding birds in china vary across(1)regions on both sides of the Hu line,which demarcates china’s topographical,climatic,economic,and social patterns,and(2)species with different dispersal *** and PBD were calculated and partitioned into turnover and nestedness components using a moving window *** representing climate,habitat heterogeneity,and habitat quality were employed to evaluate the effects of environmental *** distance was considered to assess the impact of dispersal *** partitioning a{3.lysis was applied to assess the relative roles of these *** general,the values of TBD and PBD were high in mountainous areas and were largely determined by environmental ***,different domi{3.nt environmental filters on either side of the Hu line led to divergent beta diversity ***,climate-driven species turnover and habitat heterogeneity-related species nestedness domi{3.ted the regions east and west of the line,***,bird species with stronger dispersal ability were more susceptible to environmental filtering,resulting in more homogeneous *** results indicated that regions with distinctive geographical backgrounds may present different ecological factors that lead to divergent assemblage dissimilarity patterns,and dispersal ability determines the response of assemblages to these ecological *** a single universal expla{3.tion for the observed pattern without considering these aspects may lead to simplistic or incomplete ***,a comprehensive understanding of large-scale beta diversity patterns and effective pla

关键词： Beta diversity Environmental filtering Dispersal limitation Hu line Species dispersal ability Breeding birds

Establishment of liver specific glucokinase gene knockout mice: a new animal model for screening anti-diabetic drugs

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第12期25卷 93-99页

作者： Ya-li ZHANG, Xiao-hong TAN2, Mei-fang XIAO, hui LI, Yi-qing Mao, Xiao YANG2, Huan-ran TAN3. Department of pharmacology, school of {3. medical science, peking university Health science center, beijing 100083 2Institute of Biotechnology Academy ofMilitary medical science, {13. 100071, china Department of pharmacology School of Basic Medical Science Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100083 China

AIM: To characterize the liver-specific role of glucokinase in maintaining glucose homeostasis and to create an animal model for diabetes. METHODS: We performed hepatocyte-specific gene knockout of glucokinase in mice using Cre-loxP gene targeting strategy. First, two directly repeated loxP sequences were inserted to flank the exon 9 and exon 10 of glucokinase in genomic Dna. To achieve this, linearized targeting vector was electroporated into ES cells. Then G418- and Gancyclovir-double-resistant clones were picked and screened by PCR analysis and the positives identified by PCR were confirmed by Southern blot. A targeted clone was selected for microinjection into C57BL/6J blastocysts and implanted into pseudopregnant FVB recipient. Chimeric mice and their offspring were analyzed by Southern blot. Then by intercrossing the Alb-Cre transgenic mice with mice containing a conditional gk allele, we obtained mice with liver-specific glucokinase gene knockout. RESULTS: Among 161 double resistant clones 4 were positive to PCR and Southern blot and only one was used for further experiments. Eventually we generated the liver specific glucokinase knockout mice. These mice showed increased glucose level with age and at the age of 6 weeks fasting blood glucose level was significantly higher than control and they also displayed impaired glucose tolerance. CONCLUSION: Our studies indicate that hepatic glucokinase plays an important role in glucose homeostasis and its deficiencies contribute to the development of diabetes. The liver glucokinase knock- out mouse is an ideal animal model for MODY2, and it also can be applied for screening anti-diabetic drugs.

关键词： animal disease model non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus type 2 diabetes mellitus glucokinase knockout mice

Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on proliferation and cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer cells

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005年第9期26卷 1130-1137页

作者： Xiao-ling ZHU zhi-bin lin Department of pharmacology,{3. of basic medical science,peking university Health science center,beijing 100083,{13. Departmentofpharmacology SchoolofBasicMedicalSciencePekingUniversityHealthScienceCenterBeijing100083China

Aim:To study the effects(and the mechanisms thereof)of Ganoderma lucidumpolysaccharides(G/-PS)on the proliferation and the anti-tumor activity of cytokine-induced killer(CIK)cells,and to make use of CIK cells as a means to investigatethe interactions between Gl-PS and ***:CIK cells were preparedby using the standard protocol as a positive *** groups alsounderwent the standard protocol,except that Gl-PS(400 mg/L or 100 mg/L)wasadded and the dose of anti-CD3.and interleukin-2 they received was reduced by50% and 75%,*** negative controls,Gl-PS in the experimentalprotocol was replaced with soluble starch or methylcellulose(400 mg/L or 100 mg/L).CIK cell proliferation,cytotoxicity,and phenotype were determined by using theTrypan blue exclusion method,MTT assay,and flow ***:Bysynergizing cytokines,Gl-PS(400 mg/L or 100 mg/L)could decrease the amountof cytokine in lymphokine activated killer(LAK)cells and CIK cells culture,buthad no significant effect on the proliferation,cytotoxicity,or phenotype of LAKcells,or CIK cells induced by cytokines at higher doses alone,in which CIK cellsexpanded about 80-fold and the main effectors,CD3.+NK1.1~+ cells,expanded bymore than 15%.The cytotoxicity of CIK cells in experimental groups was 79.3.±4.7%,76.9%±6.8% versus the positive control 80.7%±6.8% against P815(P>0.05)and 88,9%±5.5%,84.7%±7.9% versus the positive control 89.8%±4.5% againstYAC-1(P>0.05).The activity of GI-PS could mostly be blocked by ***:GI-PS was shown to be a promising biological response modifier andimmune *** effect of GI-PS on CIK cells is possibly mediated prima-rily through complement receptor type 3.

关键词： Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides cell proliferation cytotoxicity immunomodula-tion

The enhancement of astrocytic-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induced by the interaction of opiate and HIV tat in HIV-associated dementia

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2009年第4期21卷 277-281页

作者： Xiao Han Biomedical Experimentation,school of basic medical sciences,peking university Health science center,beijing 100191,china Biomedical Experimentation School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China

HIV-associated dementia(HAD)is a public health problem and is particularly prevalent in drug *** neuropathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection involves a complex cascade of inflammatory events,including monocyte/macrophage infiltration in the brain,glial immune activation and release of neurotoxic *** these events,astrocytic-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)plays an important role,whose release is elevated by HIV transactivator of transcription(HIV tat)and could be further elevated by *** review will also consider some critical factors and events in MCP-1 enhancement induced by the interactions of opiate and HIV tat,including the mediating role of mu opioid receptor(MOR)and CCR2 as well as the possible signal transduction pathways within the ***,it will make some future perspectives on the exact pathways,new receptors and target cells,and the vulnerability to neurodegeneration with HIV and opiates.

关键词： dementia HIV transactivator of transcription astrocyte morphine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

INFINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE EXTERIOR PROBLEMS OF THE HELMHOLTZ EQUATIONS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2000年第6期18卷 657-672页

作者： Lung-an Ying (school of Mathematical sciences, peking {3., beijing 100871, china) 北京大学北京 100871

There are two cases of the exterior problems of the Helmholtz equation. If λ ≥ 0 the bilinear form is coercive, and if λ < 0 it is the scattering problem. We give a new approach of the infinite element method, whic... 详细信息

There are two cases of the exterior problems of the Helmholtz equation. If λ ≥ 0 the bilinear form is coercive, and if λ nables us to solve these exterior problems as well as corner problems. A numerical example of the scattering problem is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Helmholtz equation exterior problem infinite element method

Application of annexation principle to the study of thermodynamic properties of Ag-Bi-In metallic melts

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Journal of university of science and Technology {3. 2003年第1期10卷 18-20页

作者： Jian ZhangMetallurgy school, university of science and Technology {3., beijing 100083, china Metallurgy school University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

Based on the measured activities, the phase diagrams and the annexation principle, the calculating models of mass action concentrations for Ag-Bi and Ag-Bi-In melts have been formulated. The calculated results agree with practice and obey the mass action law, showing that the models formulated can reflect the structural characteristics of both melts. Meanwhile, it confirms that annexation principle is applicable to the Ag-Bi-In metallic melts. The melts involving eulectic which give rise to phase separation, and in which activities exhibit positive deviation from Raoult's law is the basic cause of melts transforming from homogeneous to heterogeneous ones.

关键词： the mass action law annexation principle two phase melts activity, mass action concentration

Strong invariance principle for a counterbalanced random walk

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2024年第2期39卷 370-380页

作者： TAN hui-qun HU zhi-shui DONG Liang International Institute of Finance School of ManagementUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China center for basic Teaching and Experiment Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyJiangyin 214443China

We study a counterbalanced random walkS_(n)=X_(1)+…+X_(n),which is a discrete time non-Markovian process andX_(n) are given recursively as *** n≥2,X_(n) is a new independent sample from some fixed law̸=0 with a fixed probability p,andX_(n)=−X_(v(n))with probability 1−p,where v(n)is a uniform random variable on{1;…;n−1}.We apply martingale method to obtain a strong invariance principle forS_(n).

关键词： random walk martingale invariance principle