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Male size does not correlate with fertilization success in two bufonid toads that show size-assortative mating

Current Zoology 2013年第6期59卷 740-746页

作者： Xiao-Li FAN zhi-hua lin Xiang JI Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Nanjing Normal University Nanjing210046 Jiangsu China College of Ecology Lishui University Lishui 323000 Zhejiang China

We examined sexual size dimorphism （SSD）, mating pattem, fertilization efficiency and female reproductive traits in two bufonid toads （Bufo gargarizans and Duttaphrynus melanostictus） to test the idea that importance of male body size for egg fertilization success depends on the mating pattern. Female-biased SSD was evident only in D. melanostictus. Female B. gar- garizans laid fewer larger eggs nearly three months earlier than did female D. melanostictus. Fertilization efficieneies on average were higher in B. gargarizans （95%） than in D. melanostictus （91%）. Though differing in the degree of SSD, body size, breeding season, clutch size, egg size and fertilization efficiency, the two toads were similar in four aspects：（1） both showed size-assortative mating; （2） females did not tradeoff egg size against egg number; （3） male size, clutch size and clutch dry mass were greater in male-larger than in female-larger pairs after accounting for female snout-vent length （SVL）; and （4） the ratio of male to female SVL did not affect fertilization efficiency. Our data show that：（1） a female preference for large males is likely not important in terms of egg fertilization success; （2） a male preference for large females is likely important because larger females are more fecund; and （3） size-assortative mating arises from a male preference for large females. Our study demonstrates that male size is not always important for egg fertilization success in anurans that show size-assortative mating.

关键词： Amphibia Bufonidae Bufo gargarizans Duttaphrynus melanostictus Mating pattem Fecundity Reproductiveoutput Body size

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Effects of hydroperiod duration on developmental plasticity in tiger frog （Hoplobatrachus chinensis） tadpoles

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Zoological Research 2014年第2期35卷 124-131页

作者： Xiao-Li FAN zhi-hua lin Jie WEI College of Ecology Lishui University

While developmental plasticity can facilitate evolutionary diversification of organisms, the effects of water levels as an environmental pressure on tiger frogs remains unclear. This study clarifies the relationship by studying the responses of tiger frog （Hoplobatrachus chinensis） tadpoles to simulated hydroperiods （i.e., constant low water levels, constant high water levels, increasing water levels, decreasing water levels, rapid changes in water levels and gradual fluctuations in water levels） in a laboratory setting. ANOVA analysis showed that none of the water level treatments had any significant effect on the total length, body mass, or developmental stages of H. chinensis tadpoles half way through development （11 days old）. Tadpoles raised in rapidly fluctuating water levels had protracted metamorphosis, whereas tadpoles raised under low and gradually fluctuating water levels had shortened metamorphosis. None of the water level treatments had a significant effect on the snout-vent length （SVL） or body mass of H. chinensis tadpoles at Gosner stage 42, or on the body mass of tadpoles at Gosner stage 45. However, the＇ tadpoles raised in high levels and rapidly fluctuating water levels, significantly larger SVL at Gosner stage 45, while ones under gradually fluctuating water levels had smaller SVL than the other groups. Time to metamorphosis was positively correlated with body size （SVL） at metamorphosis in H. chinensis tadpoles. H. chinensis tadpoles under constant low water level had the highest mortality rate among all the treatments （G-test）. Moreover, ANOVA and ACNOVA （with body length as the covariate） indicated that water levels had no significant effect on either the morphology （i.e. head length, head width, forelimb length, hindlimb length and body width） or the jumping ability of juvenile H. chinensis. These results suggest that the observed accelerated metamorphosis and high mortality of H. chinensis tadpoles under decreasing water level treatment was

关键词： Hoplobatrachus chinensis Tadpole Water level Metamorphosis Developmental plasticity Jumping ability

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Preparation of n-Atom GHZ State and Implementation of Quantum-State Transfer via Cavity Decay

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2008年第3期49卷 655-658页

作者： CHEN Li-Bo DU Qian-hua lin Gong-Wei CHEN zhi-hua lin Xiu-Min School of Physics and Optoelectronics Technology Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China

We propose schemes to prepare n-atom Greenberger-Horn-Zeilinger （GHZ） state via two-sided cavities interacting with single-photon pulses, and achieve quantum state transfer （QST） from one atom to another atom. Entanglement particle pair and the control of coupling between qu bits are of no need in the QST process. Some practical quantum noises only decrease the success probabilities of the schemes but have no influence on the fidelity of prepared state. In addition, the success probabilities of our schemes are close to unity in the ideal case.

关键词： GHZ state quantum state transfer cavity

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Effects of light intensity on activity in four sympatric anuran tadpoles

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Zoological Research 2014年第4期35卷 332-337页

作者： Guo-hua DING zhi-hua lin Li-hua ZHAO Xiao-Li FAN Li WEI College of Ecology Lishui University

Though light conditions are known to affect the development and anti-predation strategies of several aquatic species, relatively little is known about how different species react to light, or how light can affect these species during different points in their life-cycle. In this study, we used four sympatric anuran tadpoles （Bufo gargarizans, B. melanostictus, Pelophylax nigromaculatus and Microhyla fissipes） as animal system to examine species-specific activities of the underdoing different light intensity treatments, so as to better understand how they respond to light. We exposed four different species of tadpoles to 1660 and 14 lux light intensity treatments and then measured several parameters including development stage, body length and tail length, and as well as their basic activities. The results of this observation and analysis showed that the activities of tadpoles were significantly greater in B. gargarizans and B. melanostictus than in P. nigromaculatus and M. fissipes; and were also significantly greater during times of high light intensity as compared to during low light intensity. Moreover, the observed relationship between species and light intensity was significant. The activities ofB. gargarizans and B. melanostictus tadpoles were greater in high light, while the activity of P. nigromaculatus tadpoles was greater in low light intensity, while M. fissipes tadpoles showed no differences in either low or high intensity light. Furthermore, the activities orB. gargarizans, B. melanostictus and M. fissipes tadpoles in terms of developmental stage, body size or tail length did not seem to differ with light intensity, but during early larval developmental period of P. nigromaculatus, the activity of tadpoles was negatively correlated with development stage, but irrelevant to either body size or tail length in different light intensities. These results lead us to conclude the observed activities of the four sympatric anuran tadpoles are closely correlated

关键词： Anura Activity Developmental stage Light intensity Tadpole

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Acute and joint toxicity of three agrochemicals to Chinese tiger frog （Hoplobatrachus chinensis） tadpoles

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Zoological Research 2014年第4期35卷 272-279页

作者： Li WEI Wei-Wei SHAO Guo-hua DING Xiao-Li FAN Miao-ling YU zhi-hua lin College of Ecology Lishui University

We studied acute and joint toxicity of three different agrochemicals （chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam） to Chinese tiger frog （Hoplobatrachus chinensis） tadpoles with the method of stability water tests. Results showed that the three agrochemicals increased tadpole mortality. For acute toxicity, the LC50 values after 24, 48 and 72 h of chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam exposure were 5.37, 4.90 and 4.68 mg/L; 0.035, 0.025 and 0.021 rag/L; 1.74, 1.45 and 1.29 mg/L, respectively. The safety concentrations （SC） of chlorantraniliprole, fiubendiamide-abamectin and penoxsulam to the tadpoles were 1.23, 0.30 and 0.003 mg/L, respectively. Based on these findings, chlorantraniliprole and penoxsulam were moderately toxic, while flubendiamide-abamectin was highly toxic. All pairwise joint toxicity tests showed moderate toxicity. The LCs0 values after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure were 7.08, 6.61 and 6.03 mg/L for chlorantra- niliprole＋penoxsulam, with corresponding values of 2.455, 2.328 and 2.183 mg/L for chlorantraniliprole＋flubendiamide-abamectin, and 1.132, 1.084 and 1.050 mg/L for penoxsulam＋flubendiamide-abamectin, with safe concentrations of 1.73, 0.63 and 0.30 mg/L, respectively. For toxic evaluations of pairwise combinations of the three agrochemicals, only the joint toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide-abamectin after 24 h was found to be synergistic, whereas all other tests were antagonistic. Our findings provide valuable information on the toxic effects of agrochemicals on amphibians and how various types of agrochemicals can be reasonably used in agricultural areas.

关键词： Agrochemical Acute toxicity Joint toxicity LCs0 Safe concentration Hoplobatrachus chinensis

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Virion Proteomics of Large DNA Viruses

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Virologica Sinica 2009年第4期24卷 268-284页

作者： Ran-ran WANG zhi-hong HU hua-lin WANG Fei DENG State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071China

Large DNA viruses normally have complex structures with many of protein components derived from both viral and host origins. The development in proteomics, especially mass spectrometry identification techniques provide powerful tools for analyzing large viruses. In this review, we have summarized the recent achievements on proteomic studies of large DNA viruses, such as herpesvirus, poxvirus, nimavirus and baculoviruse. The proteomics of baculovirus occlusion-derived virions (ODV) were emphasized. Different mass spectrometry techniques used on various baculoviruses were introduced, and the identified structurally associated proteins of baculoviruses are summarized.

关键词： Virion proteomics Large DNA viruses Baculoviruses

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Generating Entangled States o~ Multilevel Atoms through a Selective Atom-Field Interaction

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第1期28卷 24-25页

作者： CHEN zhi-hua lin Xiu-Min School of Physics and Opto-electronics Technology Fujian Normal University ~uzhou 350007

We present a scheme to generate entangled state of two multilevel atoms in a high-Q, optical cavity. In the protocol, the selective atom-field interaction is highly controlled, which can yield a resonant interaction inside one selected atom-field subspace and leave the others in a highly dispersive regime. The atomic spontaneous emission is efficiently suppressed via the large atom-field detuning. Simultaneously, the proposal only requires commonly addressing on atoms inside the cavity, which reduces the difficulties of experiment.

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Evaluation of Sensitivities and Specificities of SARS-CoV Detection by Real-time Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays

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Virologica Sinica 2009年第3期24卷 187-193页

作者： Li-li XU zhi-hong HU hua-lin WANG Xiao HAN Fei DENG State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China

The etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) was identified as a new coronavirus,termed SARS-CoV. Establishment of an efficient and sensitive diagnostic system of SARS-CoV genetic materials is crucial for SARS control. In this study,we quantified SARS-CoV mRNAs in both infected cell culture lysate and in supernatant by using Real-time quantitative revere transcription-PCR based on EvaGreenTM dye and Taqman-MGB probes. For extensive evaluation of sensitivities and specificities,13 pairs of primers and 4 probes were designed based on different genes of SARS-CoV. Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH) was selected as the internal control gene. Results showed that S-gene-specific PCR was the most sensitive for detection,but because of its sequence variability in the different viral strains,primers and a probe based on the N gene were suitable substitutions. Meanwhile,we found the mRNA concentrations in cell culture lysates were much higher than in cell supernatant and facilited more sensitive detection of the SARS-CoV.

关键词： SARS-CoV Sensitivities Specificities Evaluation

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Zoological Research 2015年第1期36卷 29-33页

作者： Qi-Ping ZHU Meng-Yao ZHU Ying-Chao HU Xue-Ya ZHANG Guo-hua DING zhi-hua lin College of Ecology Lishui University

In reptiles, habitat selection is the process whereby suitable habitat is selected that optimizes physiological functions and behavioral performance. Here, we used the brown forest skink（Sphenomorphus indicus） as a model animal and examined whether the frequency of active individuals, environmental temperature, illumination of activity area, and habitat type vary with different age classes. We surveyed the number of active individuals and measured environmental variables at Baiyunshan Mountain in Lishui, Zhejiang, China. We found no difference in the activity frequency of adult and juvenile S. indicus; the activity pattern of active individuals was bimodal. The mean environmental temperature selected by adults was higher than that selected by juveniles. The environmental temperature of active areas measured at 0900-1000 h and 1100-1200 h was higher than at 1400-1500h; illumination of the active area at 1000-1200 h was also higher than at 1400h-1600 h. The number of active individuals, the environmental temperature and illumination of activity areas showed pairwise positive correlation. There was a difference in habitat type between juveniles and adults whereby juveniles prefer rock habitats. We predict that active S. indicus select optimal habitats with different environmental temperatures and types to reach the physiological needs particular to their age classes.

关键词： habitat illumination brown physiological behavioral juvenile surveyed predator occasionally pairwise

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Production of CCHF Virus-Like Particle by a Baculovirus-Insect Cell Expression System

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Virologica Sinica 2011年第5期26卷 338-346页

作者： Zhao-rui Zhou Man-li Wang Fei Deng Tian-xian Li zhi-hong Hu hua-lin Wang State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) is a tick-born virus of the Nairovirus genus within the Bunyaviridae family,which is widespread and causes high *** nucleocapsid of CCHFV is comprised of N proteins that are encoded by the S *** this research,the N protein of CCHFV was expressed in insect cells using a recombinant *** an electron microscope,Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) with various size and morphology were observed in cytoplasmic vesicles in the infected ***-gradient purification of the cell lysate indicated that the VLPs were mainly located in the upper fraction after ultracentrifugation,which was confirmed by Western blot analysis and immuno-electron microscopy (IEM).

关键词： Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Nucleocapsid (N)protein

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