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Energy return on investment, energy payback time, and greenhouse gas emissions of coal seam gas(CSG) production in China: a case of the Fanzhuang CSG project

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Petroleum Science 2018年第1期15卷 185-199页

作者： zhao-yang kong Xiu-Cheng Dong Xi Lu Xin Wan School of Business Administration China University of Petroleum (Beijing) School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management Beijing University of Chemical Technology

The studies and development of coal seam gas（CSG） have been conducted for more than 30 years in China, but few of China＇s CSG projects have achieved large-scale commercial success; faced with the boom of shale gas, some investors are beginning to lose patience and confidence in CSG. China currently faces the following question： Should the government continue to vigorously support the development of the CSG industry？ To provide a reference for policy makers and investors, this paper calculates the EROI_（stnd）[a standardized energy return on investment（EROI） method], EROI_（ide）（the maximum theoretical EROI）, EROI_（3,i）（EROI considering the energy investment in transport）, and EROI_（3,1＋e）（EROI with environmental inputs） of a single vertical CSG well in the Fanzhuang CSG project in the Qinshui Basin. The energy payback time（EPT） and the greenhouse gas（GHG） emissions of the CSG systems are also calculated. The results show that over a 15-year lifetime, EROI_（stnd）, EROI_（ide）, EROI_（3,1）, and EROI_（3,1＋e）are expected to deliver EROIs of approximately11：1, 20：1, 7：1, and 6：1, respectively. The EPT within different boundaries is no more than 2 years, and the life-cycle GHG emissions are approximately 18.8 million kg CO_2 equivalent. The relatively high EROI and short EPT indicate that the government should take more positive measures to promote the development of the CSG industry.

关键词： Coal seam gas EROI Energy payback time Greenhouse gas emissions Global warming potential China

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The potential of domestic production and imports of oil and gas in China:an energy return on investment perspective

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Petroleum Science 2016年第4期13卷 788-804页

作者： zhao-yang kong Xiu-Cheng Dong Qian Shao Xin Wan Da-Lin Tang Gui-Xian Liu School of Business Administration China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China School of Business Tianjin University of Finance and EconomicsTianjin 300222China Tangshan Iron and Steel Group Co. LtdTangshan 261000China China Petroleum Enterprise Association Beijing 100724China

Concerns about China’s energy security have escalated because of the country’s high dependency on oil and gas imports, so it is necessary to calculate the availability of domestic oil and gas resources and China’s ability to obtain foreign energy through trade. In this work,the calculation was done by using the energy return on investment（EROI） method. The results showed that the EROIstnd（i.e., standard EROI） of China’s oil and gas extraction decreased from approximately 17.3：1 in 1986 to 8.4：1 in 2003, but it increased to 12.2：1 in 2013. From a company-level perspective, the EROIstnddiffered for different companies and was in the range of（8–12）：1. The EROI2,d（EROI considering energy outputs after processed and direct energy inputs） for different companies was in the range of（3–7）：1. The EROI of imported oil（EROIIO）declined from 14.8：1 in 1998 to approximately 4.8：1 in 2014, and the EROI of imported natural gas（EROIING）declined from 16.7：1 in 2009 to 8.6：1 in 2014. In 2015, the EROIIO and EROIING showed a slight increase due to decreasing import prices. In general, this paper suggests that from a net energy perspective, it has become more difficult for China to obtain oil and gas from both domestic production and imports. China is experiencing an EROI decline, which demonstrates the risk in the use of unsustainable fossil resources.

关键词： EROI Oil and gas extraction Imported oil Imported natural gas China

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Characteristics of thunderstorms and lightning flashes in the Chinese inland plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2010年第3期2卷 271-277页

作者： TingLong Zhang Tong Zhang yang zhao XiangZhen kong YanHui Wang Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China

The electrical characteristics of thunderstorms in three different altitude regions of the Chinese inland plateau have been analyzed in this paper. The results show, according to the polarity of the surface electric （E） field, that the thunderstorms can be divided into two categories in the study regions： one showing the normal tripole electrical charge structure （normal-type）, and the other showing the special tripole charge structure with a larger-than-usual lower positive charge center （LPCC） at the base of thunderstorm （special-type）, where the induced surface E field is controlled by the LPCC when a thunderstorm is overhead. We find that the two types of thunderstorms have different occurrences in different regions, and the percentage of special-type thunderstorms increases with the altitude. On the whole, the flash rate of thunderstorms is quite low, and the mean value is about 1-3 fl/min, while the flash rate of special-type is slightly greater than that of the normal-type thunderstorm. The statistical results of cloud-to-ground flash （CG） numbers indicate that the ratio of ＋CG flash increases with the altitude, with the value about 14.7 percent through 25.4 percent.

关键词： thunderstorm flash rate cloud-to-ground flash

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A low redox potential and long life organic anode material for sodium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 557-564页

作者： Zhi Li yang Wei Kang Zhou Xin Huang Xing Zhou Jie Xu Taoyi kong Junwei Lucas Bao Xiaoli Dong Yonggang Wang Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Institute of New Energy Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fudan University Department of Chemistry Boston College School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Technology

Sodium-ion batteries （SIBs） with organic electrodes are an emerging research direction due to the sustainability of organic materials based on elements like C,H,O,and sodium ***,organic electrode materials for SIBs are mainly used as cathodes because of their relatively high redox potentials（>1 V）.Organic electrodes with low redox potential that can be used as anode are ***,a novel organic anode material （tetrasodium 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylate,Na4TDC） has been developed with low redox potential （<0.7 V） and excellent cyclic *** three-sodium storage mechanism was demonstrated with various in-situ/ex-situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations,showing a high capacity of 208 mAh/g and an average decay rate of merely 0.022%per ***,the Na4TDC-hard carbon composite can further acquire improved capacity and cycling stability for 1200 cycles even with a high mass loading of up to 20 mg *** pairing with a thick Na3V2（PO4）3cathode (20.6 mg cm-2),the as-fabricated full cell exhibited high operating voltage （2.8 V）,excellent rate performance and cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 88.7% after 200 cycles,well highlighting the Na4TDC anode material for SIBs.

关键词： Organic anode material Low redox potential Composite anode Sodium-ion batteries

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Micro-strain regulation strategy to stabilize perovskite lattice based on the categories and impact of strain on perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 578-604页

作者： Caixia Li Wenwu Liu Shiji Da Lingbin kong Fen Ran State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals Lanzhou University of Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology

Photovoltaic metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs) convert light to electricity more efficiently than crystalline silicon cells, and the cost of materials used to make them is lower than that of silicon *** efficiency is not a core issue affecting the application of perovskite solar cells in special *** present, stability is the major technical encounters that hinders its further commercial development. Microstrain in PSCs is currently a significant factor responsible for the device's instability. Strain-induced ion migration is widely believed to accelerate perovskite degradation even when external stimuli are ***, it is imperative to study strain to enhance the stability of PSCs. This paper reviews recent developments to understand strain's origin and effect mechanisms on performance of PSCs, including ion migration,failure behavior, defect formation, and its effect on photoelectric properties, stability, and ***, several well-known strain management strategies are systematically introduced based on the strain effect mechanism and strain engineering on the film, providing more clues for further preparation with increased stability. The manipulation of external physical strain applied from films to entire devices has been extensively studied. Furthermore, recommendations for future research directions and chemical approaches have been provided. It is emphasized that strain engineering plays a crucial role in improving the efficiency and longevity of PSCs. Tensile strain causes rapid degradation, while moderate compressive strain and external strain control could improve properties and stability. Efforts should focus on controlling compressive strain to mitigate residual tensile strain and introducing it in a controlled manner. Future research endeavors may focus on exploring these pathways to improve the efficiency and lifespan of PSCs.

关键词： Halide perovskite solar cells Strain origins Strain effects Strain management

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Activation of adult endogenous neurogenesis by a hyaluronic acid collagen gel containing basic fibroblast growth factor promotes remodeling and functional recovery of the injured cerebral cortex

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2923-2937页

作者： Yan Li Peng Hao Hongmei Duan Fei Hao Wen zhao Yudan Gao zhaoyang yang Kwok-Fai So Xiaoguang Li Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China Rehabilitation Science Institute China Rehabilitation Research CenterBeijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and RehabilitationBeijingChina Center of Neural Injury and Repair Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration School of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijingChina Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Institute of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint LaboratoryJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Bioland Laboratory(Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory) GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences The University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administration RegionChina Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Greater Bay AreaGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina

The presence of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult mammalian brain suggests that the central nervous system can be repaired and regenerated after ***,whether it is possible to stimulate neurogenesis and reconstruct cortical layers II to VI in non-neurogenic regions,such as the cortex,remains *** this study,we implanted a hyaluronic acid collagen gel loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor into the motor cortex immediately following traumatic *** findings reveal that this gel effectively stimulated the proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells,as well as their differentiation into mature and functionally integrated ***,these new neurons reconstructed the architecture of cortical layers II to VI,integrated into the existing neural circuitry,and ultimately led to improved brain *** findings offer novel insight into potential clinical treatments for traumatic cerebral cortex injuries.

关键词： adult endogenous neurogenesis basic fibroblast growth factor-hyaluronic acid collagen gel cortical remodeling functional recovery migration motor cortex injury neural circuits neural stem cells newborn neurons proliferation

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基于WebGL的虚拟场景网络漫游研究

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测绘与空间地理信息 2015年第12期38卷 40-43页

作者：赵孔阳朱军尹灵芝西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院四川成都611756

虚拟现实是通过计算机模拟现实生活场景,给人以"身临其境"的感觉。将虚拟现实技术引入"数字校园"中,使位于各地的人们不必亲临现场,便可实现虚拟校园漫游,只需在网上就能了解校园的情况。本文在分析虚拟现实技术国内外发展及应用的基础... 详细信息

虚拟现实是通过计算机模拟现实生活场景,给人以"身临其境"的感觉。将虚拟现实技术引入"数字校园"中,使位于各地的人们不必亲临现场,便可实现虚拟校园漫游,只需在网上就能了解校园的情况。本文在分析虚拟现实技术国内外发展及应用的基础上,以西南交通大学犀浦校区为例,基于WebGL技术构建虚拟校园的原型漫游系统,在浏览器端无须安装任何插件即可进行加载与显示。研究成果普适性和迁移性较好,对网络虚拟现实技术的应用有较高的参考价值。

关键词：虚拟现实虚拟漫游 WebGL 三维校园

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Efficacy and safety of Tuomin Zhiti decoction(脱敏止嚏汤) on patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: A randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled trial

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2025年

作者： zhao Weibo WANG Yaqi kong Lingyao WANG Tianyi zhao Haihong ZHANG Ying LUO Bin WANG Ji WANG Qi National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine， Beijing University of Chinese Medicine College of Basic Medical Sciences， Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine， Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine International School

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Tuomin Zhiti decoction (TZD) in the short-term treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). Methods: This study is a randomized， double-blind placebo-controlled， and single-center clinical trial. In April 2021， during the spring pollen season in Beijing， 94 SAR patients aged 19-60 years were randomized (1:1 ratio) to receive two weeks of TZD or placebo. The primary outcome was the change of Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) and Total Ocular Symptom Score (TOSS) from baseline to the end of treatment. Secondary outcomes were the changed score of the mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ)， Rescue Medication Score (RMS)， and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). All adverse events were recorded and evaluated by two senior physicians. Results: TZD significantly reduced both the total nasal symptom scores and total ocular symptom scores compared to scores at baseline， while the placebo group showed an increasing trajectory in both symptom scores. Compared to the placebo group， the TZD group also showed a greater improvement in the quality of life， scores of RMS， nasal and eye symptoms scores after TZD treatment (P < 0.001). Most notably， at the end of treatment， the proportion of remission measured by PGIC was significantly higher in the TZD group (82.97%) compared with the placebo group (47.72%， P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggested that two weeks of TZD is an effective and safe treatment for SAR patients and spring pollen allergy， TZD could significantly improve the nasal and eye symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients.

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Dynamic Interaction Analysis of Coupled Axial-Torsional-Lateral Mechanical Vibrations in Rotary Drilling Systems

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2025年第1期19卷 77-103页

作者： Sabrina Meddah Sid Ahmed Tadjer Abdelhakim Idir kong Fah Tee Mohamed Zinelabidine Doghmane Madjid Kidouche Applied Automation Laboratory Faculty of Hydrocarbons and ChemistryUniversity of BoumerdesBoumerdes35000Algeria Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering(IGEE) University of BoumerdesBoumerdes35000Algeria Laboratory of the Electrification of Industrial Enterprises University of BoumerdesBoumerdes35000Algeria Electrical Engineering Department Mohamed Boudiaf University of M’silaM’sila28000Algeria Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials King Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals(KFUPM)Dhahran31261Saudi Arabia

Maintaining the integrity and longevity of structures is essential in many industries,such as aerospace,nuclear,and *** achieve the cost-effectiveness of large-scale systems in petroleum drilling,a strong emphasis on structural durability and monitoring is *** study focuses on the mechanical vibrations that occur in rotary drilling systems,which have a substantial impact on the structural integrity of drilling *** study speciﬁcally investigates axial,torsional,and lateral vibrations,which might lead to negative consequences such as bit-bounce,chaotic whirling,and high-frequency *** events not only hinder the efﬁciency of drilling but also lead to exhaustion and harm to the system’s components since they are difﬁcult to be detected and controlled in real *** study investigates the dynamic interactions of these vibrations,speciﬁcally in their high-frequency modes,usingﬁeld data obtained from measurement while ***ﬁndings have demonstrated the effect of strong coupling between the high-frequency modes of these vibrations on drilling sys-tem *** obtained results highlight the importance of considering the interconnected impacts of these vibrations when designing and implementing robust control ***,integrating these compo-nents can increase the durability of drill bits and drill strings,as well as improve the ability to monitor and detect ***,by exploiting theseﬁndings,the assessment of structural resilience in rotary drilling systems can be ***,the study demonstrates the capacity of structural health monitoring to improve the quality,dependability,and efﬁciency of rotary drilling systems in the petroleum industry.

关键词： Rotary drilling systems mechanical vibrations structural durability dynamic interaction analysis ﬁeld data analysis

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The School that Changes Mindsets

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China Today 2025年第1期74卷 62-64页

作者： GUO QING kong SIQI 不详

China’s highest-altitude primary school is not only teaching children of farmers and herders but their parents as *** Sinopec Primary School in Nagqu,a city in Xizang Autonomous Region in southwest China,is known as the school“the closest to the sky”due to its high-altitude location-a breathtaking 4,700 meters above sea *** by oil and gas giant Sinopec as part of its corporate social responsibility,the school opened in 2012 and has since become a microcosm of China’s drive for education,especially in remote and rural areas,to ensure that no one is left behind.

关键词： altitude farmers southwest

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