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Critical approaches in the catalytic transformation of sugar isomerization and epimerization after Fischer-History,challenges,and prospects

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第3期9卷 435-453页

作者： Da-Ming Gao xun zhang Haichao Liu Hidemi Fujino Tingzhou Lei Fuan Sun Jie Zhu Taoli Huhe National-local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refine and High-Quality Utilization Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Institute of Urban and Rural Mining Research Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green Safe&High Value UtilizationChangzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China Department of Rehabilitation Science Kobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobe654-0142Japan

The transformation of aldose to ketose or common sugars into rare saccharides,including rare ketoses and aldoses,is of great value and interest to the food industry and for saccharidic biomass utilization,medicine,and the synthesis of ***,high-fructose corn syrup(HFCS)is industrially produced in more than 10 million tons annually using immobilized glucose *** low-calorie saccharides such as tagatose and psicose,which are becoming popular sweeteners,have also been produced on a pilot scale in order to replace sucrose and ***,current catalysts and catalytic processes are still difficult to utilize in biomass conversion and also have strong substrate dependence in producing high-value,rare *** the specific reaction properties of saccharides and catalysts,since the pioneering discovery by Fischer,various catalysts and catalytic systems have been discovered or developed in attempts to extend the reaction pathways,improve the reaction efficiency,and to potentially produce commercial *** this review,we trace the history of sugar isomerization/epimerization reactions and summarize the important breakthroughs for each reaction as well as the difficulties that remain unresolved to date.

关键词： Rare sugars Isomerization Ketonization Epimerization Catalytic transformation

Enterococcus faecalis provides protection during scavenging in carrion crow (Corvus corone)

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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 451-463页

作者： Bin Hu Jia-Min Wang Qing-xun zhang Jing Xu Ya-Nan Xing Bo Wang Shu-Yi Han Hong-Xuan He CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center Beijing 102600China Beijing Capital International Airport Co. Ltd.Beijing 101300China

The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem *** diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota,the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to specific dietary *** carrion crow(Corvus corone),an urban facultative scavenger bird,hosts an abundance of pathogens due to its scavenging *** this,carrion crows infrequently exhibit illness,a phenomenon related to their unique physiological *** present,however,the role of the gut microbiota remains incompletely *** this study,we performed a comparative analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to assess colonic content in carrion crows and 16 other bird species with different diets in Beijing,*** findings revealed that the dominant gut microbiota in carrion crows was primarily composed of Proteobacteria(75.51%)and Firmicutes(22.37%).Significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of Enterococcus faecalis among groups,highlighting its potential as a biomarker of facultative scavenging behavior in carrion ***,*** isolated from carrion crows was transplanted into model mice to explore the protective effects of this bacterial community against Salmonella enterica *** showed that *** down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon gamma(IFN-γ),and interleukin 6(IL-6),prevented *** colonization,and regulated the composition of gut microbiota in mice,thereby modulating the host’s immune regulatory ***,*** exerts immunoregulatory and anti-pathogenic functions in carrion crows engaged in scavenging behavior,offering a representative case of how the gut microbiota contributes to the protection of hosts with specialized diets.

关键词： Carrion crow Facultative scavenger Gut microbiota Enterococcus faecalis 16S rRNA sequencing

Preparation and interface state of phosphate tailing-based geopolymers

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Journal of Central South University 2024年第6期31卷 1900-1914页

作者： zhang Shou-xun XIE Xian XIE Rui-qi TONG Xiong WU Yu-yao LI Jia-wen LI Yue Faculty of Land Resource Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China National&Regional Engineering Research Center for Green Comprehensive Utilization of Gangue Resources from Metal Mine Kunming 650093China

The long-term storage of phosphate tailings will occupy a large amount of land,pollute soil and groundwater,thus,it is crucial to achieve the harmless disposal of phosphate *** this study,high-performance geopolymers with compressive strength of 38.8 MPa were prepared by using phosphate tailings as the main raw material,fly ash as the active silicon-aluminum material,and water glass as the alkaline *** solid content of phosphate tailings and fly ash was 60% and 40%,respectively,and the water-cement ratio was *** results of XRD,FTIR,SEM-EDS and XPS show that the reactivity of phosphate tailings with alkaline activator is weak,and the silicon-aluminum material can react with alkaline activator to form zeolite and gel,and encapsulate/cover the phosphate tailings to form a dense phosphate tailings-based *** the formation of geopolymers,part of the aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron replaced the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron,causing the polycondensation reaction between geopolymers and increasing the strength of *** leaching toxicity test results show that the geopolymer has a good solid sealing effect on heavy metal *** preparation of geopolymer from phosphate tailings is an important way to alleviate the storage pressure and realize the resource utilization of phosphate tailings.

关键词： phosphate tailing geopolymer interface state toxicity leaching

Nanocavity enriched CuPd alloy with high selectivity for CO_(2) electroreduction toward C_(2)H_(4)

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1513-1523页

作者： Ze-Yu zhang Hai-Bin Wang Fei-Fei zhang Jing-Wei Li Xin-Zhuo Hu Si-Wei Yan Yi-Ming Bai xun zhang Gu-Rong Shen Peng-Fei Yin Jing Yang Cun-Ku Dong Jing Mao Hui Liu Xi-Wen Du Institute of New-Energy Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300350China

Electrocatalysis of CO_(2)reduction reaction is an effective way to convert CO_(2)into high value-added products,but the selectivity of Cu-based catalysts for C2+products needs to be improved due to the high energy barrier of C-C ***,a viable catalyst design strategy to decrease energy barrier of C-C coupling should be put ***,a nanocavity-enriched CuPd single atom alloy(CuPd SAA)catalyst is designed to promote CC coupling *** faradaic efficiency of CuPd SAA for ethylene and C_(2+)reaches 75.6%and 85.7%at-0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),*** on the results given by in situ characterization,the porous hollow structure dramatically increases the ratio of the linear-bond*CO,thus enhancing the faradaic efficiency for *** functional theory(DFT)calculation reveals that the Pd doping can regulate the electronic structure of neighboring Cu atoms to decrease the energy barrier of C-C coupling,further improving the faradaic *** work provides a new idea for designing catalyst with high selectivity for ethylene.

关键词： Adsorption configuration C-C coupling CO_(2) electrocatalysis Ethylene Single atom alloy

Genome-wide methylation profiling identified methylated KCNA3 and OTOP2 as promising diagnostic markers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第14期137卷 1724-1735页

作者： Bian Yan Gao Ye Lu Chaojing Tian Bo Xin Lei Lin Han zhang Yanhui zhang xun Zhou Siwei Wan Kangkang Zhou Jun Li Zhaoshen Chen Hezhong Wang Luowei Department of Gastroenterology Changhai Hospital Naval Medical University Shanghai China Department of Thoracic Surgery Changhai Hospital Naval Medical University Shanghai China Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Co. Ltd. Wuhan Hubei China

Background: Early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) can considerably improve the prognosis of patients. Aberrant cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation signatures are a promising tool for detecting ESCC. However, available markers based on cell-free DNA methylation are still inadequate. This study aimed to identify ESCC-specific cfDNA methylation markers and evaluate the diagnostic performance in the early detection of ***: We performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) for 24 ESCC tissues and their normal adjacent tissues. Based on the WGBS data, we identified 21,469,837 eligible CpG sites (CpGs). By integrating several methylation datasets, we identified several promising ESCC-specific cell-free DNA methylation markers. Finally, we developed a dual-marker panel based on methylatedKCNA3 andOTOP2, and then, we evaluated its performance in our training and validation ***: The ESCC diagnostic model constructed based onKCNA3 andOTOP2 had an AUC of 0.91 [95% CI: 0.85–0.95], and an optimal sensitivity and specificity of 84.91% and 94.32%, respectively, in the training cohort. In the independent validation cohort, the AUC was 0.88 [95% CI: 0.83–0.92], along with an optimal sensitivity of 81.5% and specificity of 92.9%. The model sensitivity for stage I–II ESCC was 78.4%, which was slightly lower than the sensitivity of the model (85.7%) for stage III–IV ***: The dual-target panel based on cfDNA showed excellent performance for detecting ESCC and might be an alternative strategy for screening ESCC.

关键词： Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Cell-free DNA DNA methylation landscape Biomarker Liquid biopsy Early detection

论“隐性东方中心化倾向”对中国形象的遮蔽——以国际马尔罗批评中的“强制汉化”为例

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探索与争鸣 2024年第5期 84-93,178,179页

作者：张珣上海交通大学人文学院法国马尔罗国际学术研究中心上海200240

国际马尔罗批评中存在一种“隐性东方中心化倾向”,其本质是“强制阐释”:其显意识是对抗西方优越论,无意识则是追求将中国树立为西方的对抗性价值中心,忽略中国自身的文化血肉和价值内涵。在一些“外国文学中的中国形象”研究领域,甚... 详细信息

国际马尔罗批评中存在一种“隐性东方中心化倾向”,其本质是“强制阐释”:其显意识是对抗西方优越论,无意识则是追求将中国树立为西方的对抗性价值中心,忽略中国自身的文化血肉和价值内涵。在一些“外国文学中的中国形象”研究领域,甚至出现从作家本人到国外评论者再到中国评论者的“串谋”,彼此心照不宣地为对方的“强制汉化”做铺垫、行矫饰。通过分析国际马尔罗批评中这一阐释路径的形成原因和运作机制可以发现,“强制汉化”对中国思想文化造成的其实是各种“异化”“蛀空”和“窄化”,重塑文明地位的迫切心理会使“强制意图”盖过“阐释对象”本身。这种对中国文化价值失之偏颇、粗糙的构建,往往会于无形中巩固西方对中国的刻板印象,强化文化偏见和情绪抵触。相比西方中心化对中国的“失焦”,这种“隐性东方中心化倾向”造成的“过度聚焦”是对中国具体身份信息的另一种遮蔽。

关键词：强制阐释强制汉化隐性东方中心视角国际马尔罗批评中国形象

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术并发症发生的影响因素分析

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中国肺癌杂志 2024年第3期27卷 179-186页

作者：王星张洪张逊天津市胸科医院影像科天津300051 天津市胸科医院胸外科天津300051

背景与目的计算机断层扫描引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术(computed tomography guided percutaneous lung biopsy,CT-PLB)是目前临床广泛应用的肺部病变诊断方式,但其为有创检查,最常见的并发症为气胸和肺出血,严重时可危及生命。本研究旨在... 详细信息

背景与目的计算机断层扫描引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术(computed tomography guided percutaneous lung biopsy,CT-PLB)是目前临床广泛应用的肺部病变诊断方式,但其为有创检查,最常见的并发症为气胸和肺出血,严重时可危及生命。本研究旨在分析影响CT-PLB不同并发症发生的独立危险因素,以降低并发症发生率。方法回顾性分析2018年5月至2019年12月于我院行CT-PLB且临床资料完整的605例患者的资料。依病变位置分为胸膜下组和非胸膜下组,根据并发症分为气胸组、肺出血组、气胸合并肺出血组及无气胸/肺出血组,计算各并发症的发生率。分析影响不同并发症发生的危险因素及各并发症的独立危险因素。结果气胸发生率为34.1%,肺出血发生率为28.1%,同时发生气胸及肺出血63例,发生率为10.8%。影响胸膜下组气胸发生的独立危险因素为病变大小(P=0.002)。影响非胸膜下组气胸发生的独立危险因素为穿刺针走行区域平扫CT值(P=0.035)、穿刺针经过肺组织长度(P=0.003)、穿刺针经过胸壁厚度(P=0.020);影响非胸膜下组肺出血发生的独立危险因素为穿刺针经过肺组织长度(P<0.001)、穿刺针走行区域△CT值(P=0.001)、病变大小(P=0.034)及患者体位(P=0.014)。影响气胸、肺出血同时发生的独立危险因素为穿刺针经过肺组织长度(P<0.001)、穿刺针走行区域△CT值(P<0.001)。结论 CT-PLB是一种安全、有效的诊断方式,对肺部占位性病变具有较高的诊断价值,选择合适的穿刺方案可减少气胸、肺出血等并发症,提高诊疗效率。

关键词：肺肿瘤活检计算机断层扫描气胸肺出血

东盟国家职业技术教育区域化发展:进程、挑战与路径

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职业技术教育 2024年第6期45卷 73-79页

作者：张珣广西艺术学院通识教育学院南宁530022

区域化是经济全球化的产物,职业技术教育作为与经济联系最为密切的教育类型,其区域化发展逐渐受到重视。东盟国家职业技术教育的区域化发展进程较为缓慢,经历了从国家区域化到贸易区域化、从贸易区域化到教育区域化、从教育区域化到职... 详细信息

区域化是经济全球化的产物,职业技术教育作为与经济联系最为密切的教育类型,其区域化发展逐渐受到重视。东盟国家职业技术教育的区域化发展进程较为缓慢,经历了从国家区域化到贸易区域化、从贸易区域化到教育区域化、从教育区域化到职业技术教育区域化的演进。东盟职业技术教育区域化尚未完全成熟,各国经济发展不均衡、职业技术教育发展差异大,民族文化呈现多样性、职业教育协调性矛盾突出,各国语言多样化、职业技术教育交流受阻等问题影响了其发展进程。借助奈特的FOPA模型提出东盟职业技术教育区域化发展的路径,即通过标准促进职业教育区域化、通过部门管理职业教育区域化、通过对话协调职业教育区域化。

关键词：东盟职业技术教育区域化发展优化路径

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中小学数学学习方式的衔接路径探索

教学与管理 2024年第8期 54-59页

作者：张洵忠浙江省杭州江南实验学校

中小学数学学习方式的衔接是每一位中小学数学教师必须关注的重要课题。为了让小学生顺利过渡到初中阶段,需要针对中小学数学学习方式之间的差异,通过融内容、接方法、续策略,对中小学数学学习方式的衔接进行研究,促进“教与学”“师与... 详细信息

中小学数学学习方式的衔接是每一位中小学数学教师必须关注的重要课题。为了让小学生顺利过渡到初中阶段,需要针对中小学数学学习方式之间的差异,通过融内容、接方法、续策略,对中小学数学学习方式的衔接进行研究,促进“教与学”“师与生”尽快相互适应、协调运转,增强学生数学学习的后劲。

关键词：中小学数学学习方式衔接路径学习内容学习方法学习策略