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人工智能技术革命:演进、影响和应对

国际经济评论 2024年第3期 9-51,4页

作者：陈龙刘刚戚聿东陈定定申卫星张世华温百华罗汉堂湖畔创研中心南开大学经济研究所中国工程院中国新一代人工智能发展战略研究院北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院暨南大学国际关系学院/华侨华人研究院海国图智研究院清华大学法学院清华大学智能法治研究院中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院国防大学战略咨询中心

人工智能技术在过去十年的革命性突破,是科技-产业-金融有效结合的卓越范本。其技术突破建立在多方市场力量的高效协同上,技术领先性、产品市场力与风险投资回报之间形成有力的正向循环,从而有效应对技术革命带来的巨大风险。人工智能... 详细信息

人工智能技术在过去十年的革命性突破,是科技-产业-金融有效结合的卓越范本。其技术突破建立在多方市场力量的高效协同上,技术领先性、产品市场力与风险投资回报之间形成有力的正向循环,从而有效应对技术革命带来的巨大风险。人工智能产业化部门和产业智能化部门的正反馈和互补性创新,不仅是人工智能产业发展的基本驱动力,而且为战略性新兴产业和未来产业发展创造条件。按照人工智能加速回报定律,未来几十年可能会迎来人工智能的“经济奇点”。

关键词：人工智能深度学习产业智能化 “奇点” 智能竞争

江苏常熟地区汉族人群47个微单倍型的遗传多态性及遗传结构分析

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生物化学与生物物理进展 2024年第2期51卷 423-434页

作者：潘坤鹏冯耀森于文帅刘宗伟姚伊人赵杰康克莱张驰王乐吴坚昆明医科大学法医学院昆明650500 公安部鉴定中心法医遗传学公安部重点实验室现场物证溯源技术国家工程实验室北京100038 中国人民公安大学侦查学院北京100038 江苏省常熟市公安局常熟215500

目的探索江苏常熟地区汉族人群在47个常染色体微单倍型基因座的遗传多态性,评估应用效能及法庭科学参数。方法采用MHSeqTyper47混合DNA鉴定试剂盒进行基因座复合扩增及文库构建,使用MiSeq FGx测序平台进行测序,测得的数据应用MHTyper数... 详细信息

目的探索江苏常熟地区汉族人群在47个常染色体微单倍型基因座的遗传多态性,评估应用效能及法庭科学参数。方法采用MHSeqTyper47混合DNA鉴定试剂盒进行基因座复合扩增及文库构建,使用MiSeq FGx测序平台进行测序,测得的数据应用MHTyper数据分析软件进行分析,对获得的样本遗传信息进行评估,结合千人基因组数据(1000 Genomes Project phase 3,1KG)评估群体间遗传分化指数及遗传距离,并计算法庭科学参数。结果江苏常熟地区汉族人群与1KG中的中国北京群体的遗传分化和遗传距离最小,并得到最接近的有效等位基因数(Ae),累积随机匹配概率(combined matching probability,CMP)与1KG中东亚参考人群的5个群体均接近,为1.25×10^(-36),累积非父排除概率达0.9999999999641。结论本研究报告了47个微单倍型基因座在江苏常熟地区汉族人群中的等位基因频率及遗传多态性信息,为47个微单倍型在法医学应用中提供了数据基础。另外,比较了1KG参考人群与江苏常熟地区汉族人群的多态性差异,并揭示了47个微单倍型在江苏常熟地区汉族人群中的遗传结构。总的来说,1KG中的东亚人群参考数据更符合江苏常熟地区汉族人群的遗传特征。

关键词：法医遗传学微单倍型二代测序

Fabrication of N,S co-doped carbon immobilized high-density Co single atoms toward electro-oxidation of organic sulfides with water as feedstock

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Nano Research 2023年第5期16卷 6593-6600页

作者： Pei Zhu wen-Xiong Shi Ying Wang Zhi-Ming zhang Lina Li Changhua An Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous MaterialsInstitute for New Energy Materials&Low-Carbon TechnologiesTianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong 999077China

Development of high-density single atoms site(SAs)electrocatalysts is highly desirable due to their extraordinary catalytic ***,their synthesis is still challenging and their anticorrosion capacities in electrolyte(particularly in acidic electrolyte)are ***,we have constructed N,S co-doped carbon to anchor~10 wt.%Co SAs(Co-SAs/NSC)via a novel polymerization–sulfurization–pyrolysis strategy toward selective electro-oxidation of thioethers in acidic *** asobtained Co SAs has a coordination geometry of Co-S_(2)N_(4),exhibiting excellent electrocatalytic activity and robust *** a low potential of 1.40 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE),the conversion rate of thioethers over Co-SAs/NSC reaches 99.7%with 100%selectivity and 100%Faraday efficiency(FE)for producing sulfoxide,which is higher than the commercial Pt electrode and the reported state-of-the-art *** calculations and experiments reveal that the Co-S_(2)N_(4)structure endows the outstanding electro-oxidation activity of Co SAs through significantly promoting desorption of the *** work presents a convenient strategy to build high-performance SAs catalysts for the resourceful use of sulfur-containing pollutants.

关键词： single-atom cobalt high density selective oxidation electrocatalysis

社区老年脑卒中患者跌倒风险感知现状及影响因素研究

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军事护理 2024年第6期41卷 14-17页

作者：李磊张金梅文喆卿靳宇敏李红玉李红梅山西医科大学研究生院山西太原030001 山西医科大学汾阳学院山西汾阳032200 山西省汾阳医院神经内科山西汾阳032200

目的了解社区老年脑卒中患者跌倒风险感知状况,并分析其影响因素,为激发患者自我预防意识、降低跌倒发生率提供参考。方法 2023年5-8月,采用便利抽样法选取山西省汾阳市3个社区的老年脑卒中患者228例为研究对象,采用社区老年人跌倒风... 详细信息

目的了解社区老年脑卒中患者跌倒风险感知状况,并分析其影响因素,为激发患者自我预防意识、降低跌倒发生率提供参考。方法 2023年5-8月,采用便利抽样法选取山西省汾阳市3个社区的老年脑卒中患者228例为研究对象,采用社区老年人跌倒风险感知量表、D型人格量表(type D personality scale-14,DS14)、家庭关怀度量表(family APGAR index, APGAR)等对其进行调查。结果社区老年脑卒中患者跌倒风险感知总分、DS14总分、APGAR总分分别为(40.31±8.99)分、(20.99±7.01)分和(4.91±1.50)分。不同文化程度、慢性病数量以及有无跌倒史的社区老年脑卒中患者,其跌倒风险感知得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。跌倒风险感知总分与DS14总分呈负相关(r=-0.724,P<0.01),与APGAR总分呈正相关(r=0.782,P<0.01)。DS14总分、APGAR总分、跌倒史和慢性病数量是社区老年脑卒中患者跌倒风险感知的主要影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论社区老年脑卒中患者跌倒风险感知呈中等偏下水平,社区卫生保健人员应重点关注存在D型人格、家庭关怀度低、有跌倒史、合并慢性病数量多的患者,采取针对性措施,降低跌倒发生率。

关键词：脑卒中跌倒风险感知 D型人格家庭关怀度护理

Metagenomic analysis of viral community in the Yangtze River expands known eukaryotic and prokaryotic virus diversity in freshwater

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第1期37卷 60-69页

作者： Juan Lu Shixing Yang Xiaodan zhang Xiangming Tang Ju zhang Xiaochun Wang Hao Wang Quan Shen wen zhang Department of Laboratory Medicine School of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China Department of Clinical Laboratory The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityHuai©an223002China Zhenjiang Center for disease Prevention and Control Zhenjiang212000China State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China

Viruses in aquatic ecosystems are characterized by extraordinary abundance and *** far,there have been limited studies focused on viral communities in river water ***,we investigated the virome of the Yangtze River Delta using viral metagenomic *** compositions of viral communities from six sampling sites were analyzed and *** using library construction and next generation sequencing,contigs and singlet reads similar to viral sequences were classified into 17 viral families,including nine dsDNA viral families,four ssDNA viral families and four RNA viral *** analysis using Friedman test suggested that there was no significant difference among the six sampling sites(P>0.05).The viromes in this study were all dominated by the order Caudovirales,and a group of Freshwater phage uvFW species were particularly prevalent among all the *** virome from Nanjing presented a unique pattern of viral community composition with a relatively high abundance of family *** analyses based on virus hallmark genes showed that the Caudovirales order and CRESS-DNA viruses presented high genetic diversity,while viruses in the Microviridae and Parvoviridae families and the Riboviria realm were relatively *** study provides the first insight into viral community composition in large river ecosystem,revealing the diversity and stability of river water virome,contributing to the proper utilization of freshwater resource.

关键词： Freshwater virome River water Viral metagenomics Virus diversity

Simulation of Gas Flow Field in Laval Nozzle and Straight Nozzle for Powder Metallurgy and Spray Forming

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2008年第6期15卷 44-47页

作者： LI Zheng-dong zhang Guo-qing LI Zhou zhang Yong XU wen-yong National Key Laboratory of High Temperature Structural Materials Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials Beijing 100095 China

Gas flow field in nozzles and out of nozzles was calculated for Laval orifice and straight orifice nozzles. The results showed that the flow generated by the Laval nozzle had a higher exit velocity in the vicinity of the nozzle, in comparison with that of the straight nozzle, that is to say, a Laval nozzle was more efficient than a straight one in disintegrating the melt stream and was apt to produce finer powders. The flow generated by the Laval nozzle was less convergent and the velocity gradient along the radial direction was more moderate than that of a straight nozzle, which could contribute to a broad distribution of melt particles. According to their flow characteristics, the Laval nozzle was reckoned as a better choice of producing larger spray-formed billets.

关键词： numerical simulation computational fluid dynamics gas flow field atomization nozzle

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耳鸣感知和感受与主观听配能的关系研究

中国听力语言康复科学杂志 2024年第2期22卷 139-145页

作者：鲁秀玲张雯静王洁顾佳君张焱张敏韩朝复旦大学附属华东医院耳鼻咽喉科上海200040 复旦大学附属华东医院上海市老年医学临床重点实验室上海200040

目的探讨耳鸣感知和感受与主观听配能的相关性。方法对72例以耳鸣为第一主诉的成年初诊患者进行纯音听阈、耳鸣匹配检查、残余抑制检查、耳鸣功能指数量表(tinnitus functional index,TFI)测评和2个听配能问题询问。根据超高频(8000、10... 详细信息

目的探讨耳鸣感知和感受与主观听配能的相关性。方法对72例以耳鸣为第一主诉的成年初诊患者进行纯音听阈、耳鸣匹配检查、残余抑制检查、耳鸣功能指数量表(tinnitus functional index,TFI)测评和2个听配能问题询问。根据超高频(8000、10000、12500、16000 Hz)平均听力和残余抑制效果将受试者分组,对数据进行统计分析。结果健听组和听障组间耳鸣感知(即响度感觉级和频率)无明显差异(P>0.05),听配能问题1和2评分在组间未见显著差异(P>0.05)。健听组和听障组间耳鸣功能指数量表听力分量表得分呈现统计学差异(P0.05),但残余抑制效果对听配能问题1的评分有影响,呈显著差异(P<0.05)。结论对耳鸣强度和性质的感知可能并不影响患者转移注意力的能力和意愿。耳鸣给患者带来的听力和情绪方面的感受成为驱动注意力转移的重要因素。

关键词：耳鸣功能指数听配能耳鸣匹配残余抑制

Role of radiative and convective heat transfer during heating of an ingot product in a tubular furnace:experiment and simulation

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2022年第12期29卷 1978-1985页

作者： wen-chao Yang Yang Zhou Jian zhang Huan Liu Ying-jie Ren Jia-jun Chen Xian-guang zhang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing 100083China Chengdu Advanced Metal Materials Industrial Technolgy Research Institute Co. Ltd.Chengdu 610300SichuanChina

Convective heat transfer and radiative heat transfer are two essential heat transfer modes in the heating process of steel;it is important to understand the role of them during the heating process *** effects of the convective and radiative heat transfer during the heating process of a cast ingot in a tubular furnace have been studied by the designed natural and forced convection experiments and mathematical *** heating time for the center of the ingot to reach the furnace temperature is decreased with the increase in furnace *** to the experimental and simulation results,a model is proposed regarding the role of radiative and convective heat transfer in the heating *** low temperature,the convective heat transfer plays a dominant role,while at high temperature,the influence of radiative heat transfer is *** a critical temperature exists between *** forced convective heat transfer can enhance the influence of the convective heat *** critical temperature can be shifted to higher temperatures.

关键词： Reheating Tubular furnace Cast ingot Convective heat transfer Radiative heat transfer

1,3-Butadiene Polymerizations Catalyzed by Cobalt and Iron dichloride Complexes Bearing Pyrazolylimine Ligands

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2019年第5期37卷 462-470页

作者： Liang Fang wen-Peng Zhao Chao Han Chun-Yu zhang Heng Liu Yan-Ming Hu Xue-Quan zhang CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical Technology

A series of pyrazolylimine ligated Co(II) and Fe(II) complexes with general formula of(PhC=N(C_6H_3(R_1)2-2,6)(C_3 HN_2(R_2)2-3,5)MtCl_2(R_1 = Me, R_2 = H, Mt = Co(1 a), Fe(2 a); R_1 = Me, R_2 = Me, Mt = Co(1b), Fe(2b); R_1 = iPr, R_2 = H, Mt = Co(1 c), Fe(2 c); R_1 = i Pr, R_2 = Me, Mt = Co(1 d), Fe(2 d); R_1 = i Pr, R_2 = Ph, Mt = Co(1 e), Fe(2 e)) were synthesized and thoroughly *** by single crystal X-ray diffraction, complexes 1 b and 2 b revealed dimeric structures, in which distorted trigonal bipyramid geometries were adopted for each metal centers. In the presence of ethylaluminum sesquichloride(EASC), all the cobalt complexes displayed high activities in 1,3-butadiene polymerization, affording polybutadienes with predominant cis-1,4 contents(up to 97.0%).Influences of ligand structure and polymerization parameters on catalytic performance were investigated systematically. For pyrazolylimine iron(II) dichloride complexes, the catalytic activities and microstructures of the resultant polybutadienes were highly dependent on ligand structures and polymerization conditions. For complex 2 a, changing cocatalyst from trialkyl aluminums to methyl aluminoxane(MAO) led to an shift of selectivity from high cis-1,4-to trans-1,4-/1,2-manner. Being activated by MAO, complexes 2 a and 2 b gave trans-1,4-/1,2-binary polybutadienes, while complexes 2 c, 2 d, and 2 e afforded cis-1,4-enriched polymers.

关键词： Late transition metal Cobalt(Ⅱ) complexes Iron(Ⅱ)complexes Stereoselective polymerization Polybutadiene