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Magnetron sputtered nickel oxide with suppressed interfacial defect states for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 348-355页

作者： Guoqiang Ma Qin Tan zhaoning Li Jingwei Xiu Jiafeng Wang Tianle Cheng Dong He qiang Sun Xuhang Ma Francesco Lamberti zhubing He Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Innovative Materials (I2M) Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG)Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Core Research Facilities Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemical Sciences Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova

Widely used spin-coated nickle oxide （NiOx） based perovskite solar cells often suffer from severe interfacial reactions between the NiOxand adjacent perovskite layers due to surface defect states,which inherently impair device performance in a long-term view,even with surface molecule *** this study,we developed high-quality magnetron-sputtered NiOxthin films through detailed process optimization,and compared systematically sputtered and spin-coated NiOxthin film surfaces from materials to *** sputtered NiOxfilms exhibit improved crystallinity,smoother surfaces,and significantly reduced Ni3+or Ni vacancies compared to their spin-coated ***,the interface between the perovskite and sputtered NiOxfilm shows a substantially reduced density of defect *** solar cells （PSCs） fabricated with our optimally sputtered NiOxfilms achieved a high power conversion efficiency （PCE） of up to 19.93%and demonstrated enhanced stability,maintaining 86.2% efficiency during 500 h of maximum power point tracking under one standard sun ***,with the surface modification using (4-(2,7-dibromo-9,9-dimethylacridin-10（9H）-yl)butyl)p hosphonic acid （DMAcPA）,the device PCE was further promoted to 23.07%,which is the highest value reported for sputtered NiOxbased PSCs so far.

关键词： Nickle oxide Magnetron sputter Defect Stability Perovskite solar cell

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Porous Haydite used as Waste Water Filter Medium for Lake Sludge

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Journal of Wuhan university of Technology(Materials Science) 2013年第3期28卷 544-547页

作者：何永佳 zhAO qiang u Linnu Hu Shuguang State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures (Wuhan university of Technology) School of Materials Science & Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan Clean Water Science & Technology CO. LTD School of Science Wuhan University of Technology

Porous haydite used as waste filter medium was prepared by dreging lake sludge to help solve the treatment problem of sludge and realize its reclamation. Several calcination regimes were considered and their effects on the pore structure and the properties such as the strength, the density, the filtering ability and the phosphate absorption ability of the haydite were investigated, For the mixture of 60% lake sludge and 40% fly ash in this experiment, the calcination regime with a pre-caleination period at about 600℃, a temperature keeping period at 1 200 ℃ and a moderate cooling rate are recommended to prepare haydite with reasonable pore structure and good performances for its usage as the waste water filter media.

关键词： filter medium haydite lake sludge waste water

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History and possible mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第9期59卷 1765-1778页

作者： zhANG DongJu DONG GuangHui WANG Hui REN XiaoYan HA PiPu'u qiang MingRui CHEN FaHui Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Ministry of Education College of Earth Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Lanzhou 730000 China Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Xining 810007 China Cultural Relic Conservation Institute Lhasa 850000 China

Prehistoric human history on the Tibetan Plateau is a hotly debated topic. Archaeological research on the plateau during the past few decades has enormously improved our understanding of the topic and makes it possible for us to consider the processes and mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the region. By reviewing the published archaeological research on the Tibetan Plateau, we propose that the first people on the plateau initially spread into the He-Huang region from the Chinese Loess Plateau, and then moved to the low elevation Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and perhaps subsequently to the entire plateau. This process consisted of four stages.(1) During the climatic amelioration of the Last Deglacial period(15–11.6 ka BP), upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers with a developed microlithic technology first spread into the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau.(2) In the early-mid Holocene(11.6–6 ka BP), Epipaleolithic microlithic hunter-gatherers were widely distributed on the northeastern plateau and spread southwards to the interior plateau, possibly with millet agriculture developed in the neighboring low elevation regions.(3) In the mid-late Holocene(6–4 ka BP), Neolithic millet farmers spread into low elevation river valleys in the northeastern and southeastern plateau areas.(4) In the late Holocene(4–2.3 ka BP), Bronze Age barley and wheat farmers further settled on the high elevation regions of the Tibetan Plateau, especially after 3.6 ka BP. Finally, we suggest that all of the reported Paleolithic sites earlier than the LGM on the Tibetan Plateau need further examination.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Prehistoric archaeology Human migration Driving mechanisms

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Implications on cosmic ray injection and propagation parameters from Voyager/ACE/AMS-02 nucleus data

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第4期62卷 98-105页

作者： qiang Yuan Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Center for High Energy Physics Peking University

We study the propagation and injection models of cosmic rays using the latest measurements of the boron-to-carbon ratio and fluxes of protons, helium, carbon, and oxygen nuclei by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer and the Advanced Composition Explorer at top of the Earth, and the Voyager spacecraft outside the heliosphere. The Advanced Composition Explorer(ACE) data during the same time interval of the AMS-02 data are extracted to minimize the complexity of the solar modulation effect. We find that the cosmic ray nucleus data favor a modified version of the diffusion-reacceleration scenario of the propagation. The diffusion coefficient is, however, required to increase moderately with decreasing rigidity at low energies, which has interesting implications on the particle and plasma interaction in the Milky Way. We further find that the low rigidity(uclei. These results are expected to be helpful in understanding the acceleration process of cosmic rays.

关键词： cosmic rays propagation origin and acceleration data analysis

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Organochlorines in sediments and mussels collected from coastal sites along the Pearl River Delta, South China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第2期16卷 321-327页

作者： FANGzhan-qiang Collegeofl ifeSciencesSouthChinaNormalUniversityGuaogzhou510631China.

The level and pattern of residues of organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) were analyzed in sediment and mussel(Perna viridis) samples from ten coastal sites along the Pearl River Delta, South China. The range of total HCH was ussels. Average total DDTs concentrations ranged from ussels . Average total PCB concentrations ranged from 16 4 to 198 6 ng/g in sediment, and from 41 to 729.2 ng/g in mussels. Organochlorine pesticide and PCBs in mussels and sediments presented similar distribution patterns. The regression analysis indicated that PCBs concentrations in mussels were significantly correlated(pussels were several times higher than the concentration detected in surrounding sediments. The major fraction of DDT related compounds measured in mussels and sediments was DDD. Based on average PCB concentrations, penta-, hexa-, and tetrachlorobiphenyls were preferentially accumulated by mussels as compared to the average sediment composition. According to the present results,three organochlorine polluted “hot spot' sites, including Victoria Harbour, Lingding Yang and Huangmao Sea, were found in the Pearl River estuarine zone. HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in all mussel samples were below the limits of 2, 0 2 and 5 0 μg/g wet weight recommended by the Technical Group of Guangdong Coastal Zone Resource Comprehensive Survey and u. S. Food and Drug Administration.

关键词： organochlorine pesticide polychlorinated biphenyls sediments mussels coastal waters

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The Grad-Shafranov reconstruction in twenty years: 1996–2016

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第8期60卷 1466-1494页

作者： Hu qiang Department of Space Science and CSPAR University of Alabama in Huntsville

We review and summarize the applications of the Grad-Shafranov(GS) reconstruction technique to space plasma structures in the Earth's magnetosphere and in the interplanetary space. We organize our presentations following the branches of the "academic family tree" rooted on Prof. Bengt u. ? Sonnerup, the inventor of the GS method. Special attentions are paid to validations of the GS reconstruction results via(1) the direct validation by co-spatial in-situ measurements among multiple spacecraft, and(2) indirect validation by implications and interpretations of the physical connection between the structures reconstructed and other related processes. For the latter, the inter-comparison and interconnection between the large-scale magnetic flux ropes(i.e., Magnetic Clouds) in the solar wind and their solar source properties are presented. In addition, we also summarize various GS-type(or-like) reconstruction and an extension of the GS technique to toroidal geometry. In particular,we point to a possible advancement with added complexity of "helical symmetry" and mixed helicity, in the hope of stimulating interest in future development. We close by offering some thoughts on appreciating the scientific merit of GS reconstruction in general.

关键词： Grad-Shafranov equation Magnetohydrodynamics Magnetic clouds Magnetic flux ropes Magnetopause Current sheets Flux transfer events Plasmoids Solar flare Coronal mass ejections

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Dark Matter Particle Explorer observations of high-energy cosmic ray electrons plus positrons and their physical implications

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2018年第10期61卷 2-13页

作者： qiang Yuan Lei Feng Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Center for High Energy Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer （DAMPE） is a satellite-borne, high-energy particle and 3,-ray detector, which is dedicated to indirectly detecting particle dark matter and studying high-energy astrophysics. The first results about precise measurement of the cosmic ray electron plus positron spectrum between 25 GeV and 4.6 TeV were published recently. The DAMPE spectrum reveals an interesting spectral softening arount 0.9 TeV and a tentative peak around 1.4 TeV. These results have inspired extensive discussion. The detector of DAMPE, the data analysis, and the first results are introduced. In particular, the physical interpretations of the DAMPE data are reviewed.

关键词： dark matter cosmic rays electrons plus positrons pulsars

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A new simpler rotation/curvature correction method for Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2013年第2期26卷 326-333页

作者： zhang qiang Yang Yong National Key Laboratory of Science and Techniques on Aerodynamic Design and Research Northwestern Polytechnical University

A new and much simpler rotation and curvature effects factor, which takes the form of Richardson number suggested by Hellsten originally for SST k-ω model, is presented for Spalart and Shur＇s rotation and curvature correction in the context of Spalart-Allmaras （SA） turbulence model. The new factor excludes the Lagrangian derivative of the strain rate tensor that exists in the SARC model, resulting in a simple, efficient and easy-to-implement approach for SA turbulence model （denoted as SARCM） to account for the effects of system rotation and curvature, techniquely. And then the SARCM is tested through turbulent curved wall flows： one is the flow over a zeropressure-gradient curved wall and the other is the channel flow in a duct with a u-turn. Predictions of the SARCM model are compared with experimental data and with the results obtained using original SA and SARC models. The numerical results show that SARCM can predict the rotation-curvature effects as accurately as SARC, but considerably more efficiently. Additionally, the accuracy of SARCM might strongly depend on the rotation-curvature model constants. Suggesting values for those constants are given, after some trials and errors.

关键词： Accuracy Computation Curvature Improvement Robust Rotation Strain rate tensor Turbulence model

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Four-Particle Entangled State Representation and Its Squeezing Transformation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2005年第6期43卷 1107-1110页

作者： SONGTong-qiang DepartmentofPhysics NingboUniversityNingbo315211China

The four-particle EPR entangled state is constructed. Thecorresponding quantum mechanical operator with respect to the classical transformation p → e~(λ1)p, X2 → e~(λ2)X2, X3 → e~(λ3) X3, and X4 → ee~(λ4) X4 in the state isinvestigated, and the four-mode realization of the S u(1, 1) Lie algebra as well as thecorresponding squeezing operators are presented.

关键词： four-mode entangled state representation squeezing transformation four-modesqueezing operator

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Multidimensional Local Central Limit Theorem of Some Non-uniformly Hyperbolic Systems

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2009年第4期25卷 565-580页

作者： Hong qiang XIA College of Science Wuhan University of Science and Engineering No. 1 Fangzhi Road Wuhan 430073 P. R. China

We consider Young＇s nonuniformly hyperbolic system （X, T, u） where u is the SRB measure corresponding to the system （X, T）, and show that if the components of a Holder observable f ： X → R^d are cohomologously independent, then f satisfies the multidimensional central limit theorem. Moreover if f is aperiodic, then f satisfies the local multidimensional central limit theorem.

关键词： central limit theorem transfer operator nonuniform hyperbolic diIQ[eomorphism

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