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Role of equal-strain assumption in unit-cell theory for consolidation with vertical drains

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Journal of Central South University 2017年第12期24卷 2914-2923页

作者： lei Guo-hui XU Li-dan zh.ng Qiang ng Charles Wang Wai Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering of the Ministry of Education Geotechnical Research Institute Hohai University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

In the development of unit-cell theory for the analytical analysis of consolidation with vertical drains, the equal-strain assumption is often made with the intention of modelling consolidation under uniform settlement conditions. In contrast, the free-strain assumption for modelling consolidation under uniform load conditions is seldom employed, mainly because of the complexities involved in the analysis. This study derives a rigorous analytical solution to the generalised governing equations of free-strain consolidation with a vertical drain subjected to an instantaneous load. Calculated results from the newly proposed solution are compared with those from three available solutions derived based on the equal-strain assumption. Surprisingly good agreement is obtained in terms of excess pore-water pressure, degree of consolidation, and settlement. Horizontal profiles of settlement were not uniform before the end of consolidation. This indicates that the uniform settlement condition is not actually reproduced by the analytical solutions derived based on the equal-strain assumption. The equal-strain assumption is a sufficient but not necessary condition for deriving an analytical solution to unit-cell consolidation theory. The assumption plays no role in modelling consolidation under uniform settlement conditions but simplifies the analytical analysis of free-strain consolidation and results in an approximate solution of high accuracy for consolidation under uniform load conditions. Moreover, drain resistance and smear effects not only retard the consolidation rate, but also importantly shape the vertical and horizontal profiles of excess pore-water pressure, respectively.

关键词： consolidation ground improvement pore pressures settlement vertical drain

Inokosterone Is a Potential Drug Target of Estrogen Receptor 1 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients:Analysis from Active Ingredient of Cyathula Officinalis

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第10期27卷 767-773页

作者： MO Ji-hao XIE Han-kun zhOU Ye-mian ng Sihan-benjamin LI Shao-xia WAng lei Department of Medical Laboratory Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan ProvinceOrthopedic Institute of Henan ProvinceLuoyangHenan Province(471002)China Miller School of Medicine University of Miami(33136)MiamiFLUSA Institute of Technical Biology&Agriculture Engineering Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei(230031)China Eatobe Pte.Limited(573969) Singapore

Objective:To elucidate the active compounds and the molecular mechanism of Cyathula Off/c/na//s as a drug treatment for rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:The target genes of active ingredients from Cyathula Officinalis were obtained from bioinformatics analysis tool for the molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese *** protein-protein interaction between the target genes were analyzed using STRIng and *** transcriptome of RA patients compared to healthy people(GSE121894)were analyzed using R program package *** relative expression of the target genes was obtained from the RNA-seq *** molecular docking analyses were processed based on the molecular model of estrogen receptor 1(ESR1)binding with estradiol(PDB ID:1A52).The binding details were analyzed by ***:Inokosterone,ecdysterone,and cyaterone were the 3 active ingredients from Cyathula Officinalis that bind to target *** all the significantly changed genes from RA patients,ESR1,ADORA1,and ANXA1 were significantly increased in mRNA samples of RA ***:ESR1,the transcription factor that binds inokosterone in the molecular binding analysis,is the target protein of Cyathula Officinalis.

关键词： rheumatoid arthritis estrogen receptor 1 inokosterone Cyathula Officinalis Chinese medicine

Techno-economic Analysis of Distributed Hydrogen Production from Natural Gas

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2012年第3期20卷 489-496页

作者： LUK Ho Ting lei Ho Man ng Wai Yee LAM Koon Fung Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering the Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

It is well established that hydrogen has the potential to make a significant contribution to the world energy *** U.S.,majority of hydrogen production plants implement steam methane reforming(SMR) for centralized hydrogen ***,there is a wide lack of agreement on the nascent stage of using hydrogen as fuel in vehicles industry because of the difficulty in delivery and *** performing technological and economic analysis,this work aims to establish the most feasible hydrogen production pathway for automotives in near *** the evaluation,processes such as thermal cracking of ammonia and centralized hydrogen production followed by bulk delivery are eliminated while on-site steam reforming of methanol and natural gas are the most technologically feasible *** two processes are further evaluated by comprehensive economic *** results showed that the steam reforming(SR) of natural gas has a shorter payback time and a higher return on investment(ROI) and internal rate of return(IRR).Sensitivity analysis has also been constructed to evaluate the impact of variables like ng feedstock price,capital of investment and operating capacity factor on the overall production cost of *** on this study,natural gas is prompted to be the most economically and technologically available raw material for short-term hydrogen production before the transition to renewable energy source such as solar energy,biomass and wind power.

关键词： gas station cost analysis steam reforming ammonia cracking

Is Terzaghi's effective stress a stress variable under seepage conditions?

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第6期22卷 2316-2321页

作者：雷国辉赵仲辉吴宏伟 Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering of Ministry of Education (Geotechnical Research Institute Hohai University) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

From the continuum mechanics perspective, an attempt was made to clarify the role of Terzaghi's effective stress in the theoretical analysis of saturated soil subjected to seepage. The necessity of performing a coupled hydromechanical analysis to solve the seepage-deformation interaction problem was illustrated by examining the equations of static equilibrium among the effective stress, seepage force, pore-water pressure and total stress. The conceptual definition of stress variable that satisfies the principles of continuum mechanics is applied in the coupled hydromechanical analysis. It is shown that Terzaghi's effective stress is in fact not a stress variable under seepage conditions, and the seepage force acting on the soil skeleton cannot be viewed as a body force. This offers a clue to the underlying cause of a paradox between the real Pascal's hydrostatic state and the hydrostatic state predicted by a class of continuum hydromechanical theories.

关键词： seepage-deformation interaction coupled hydromechanical analysis representative elementary volume stress variable stress state variable

A guide to use fluorinated aromatic bulky cations for stable and high-performance 2D/3D perovskite solar cells:The more fluorination the better?

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第1期31卷 179-189,I0006页

作者： lei Wang Qin zhou Zilong zh.ng Wenbo Li Xiaobing Wang Qi ng Tian Xiaoyan Yu Ting Sun Jihuai Wu Bao zh.ng Peng Gao School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of NanomaterialsFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002FujianChina Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials.Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials Haixi InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021FujianChina College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University361021 XiamenFujianChina

While serious stability issues impede the commercialization of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),two-dime nsional(2D)perovskites based on fluorinated bulky cations have emerged as more intrinsically stable ***,the influence of fluorination degree of the bulky aromatic cation on the per-formance of resulting PSCs has not been ***,2D perovskites(FxPEA)_(2)PbI_(4)(x=1,2,3,5)are grown in situ on the surface of the three-dime nsion al(3D)perovskite and dem on strate effective passivation of the surface defects of 3D *** power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the optimized devices were boosted from 20.75%for the control device to 21.09%,22.06%,22.74%and 21.86%for 2D/3D devices treated with 4-fluorophenethylamine iodide,3,5-difluorophenylethylamine iodide,2,4,5-trifluoroethylphenylethylamine iodide,and 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluorophenylethylamine iodide,*** firstly reported two unexplored RP-type layered perovskites with F_(2)PEAI and F_(3)PEAI as bulky *** combined experimental and theoretical analysis revealed the reasons behind the various morphology,device performances,dynamic behavior,and humidity *** best performing F_(5)PEAI-treated device retaining 95.0%of its initial PCE under ambient atmosphere(with RH of 60%±5%)without encapsulation for 300 h *** work provides useful guidance for selecting fluorinated bulky cations with different molecular electronic properties,which will play an essential role in further improving the performance/stability of PSCs for the sake of further commercialization.

关键词： 2D perovskite Fluorinated spacer cation Perovskite solar cells Passivation Stability

Clinical remission from treatment dilemma of CMV colitis with ganciclovir use in a critical ill elderly immunocompetent patient

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镜湖医学 2022年第1期22卷 70-71,I0002页

作者： lei Mio Tim ng Ka Kei Department of gastroenterology Internal MedicineCento Hospi talar Conde Sao JanuarioMacao SARChina

INTRODUCTION Cytomegalovirus(CMV)infects more than half of all adults by 40 years of *** is estimated that 40~100%of immunocompetent adults worldwide are CMV seropositive,CMV remains in a latency state and allows reactivation in immune insufficiency,such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),organ transplantation,and active malignancy[1,2].CMV diseases in immunocompromised patients invade the broad tropism of the human body,such as the lung,retina,and *** gastrointestinal(GI)tract is one of the most common organs of CMV disease.

关键词： immuno organs lung

An Efficient Second-Order Convergent Scheme for One-Side Space Fractional Diffusion Equations with Variable Coefficients

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2020年第2期2卷 215-239页

作者： Xue-lei Lin Pin Lyu Michael Kng Hai-Wei Sun Seakweng Vong Department of Mathematics Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina School of Economic Mathematics Southwestern University of Finance and EconomicsChengdu 611130China Department of Mathematics The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mathematics University of MacaoMacaoChina

In this paper,a second-order fnite-diference scheme is investigated for time-dependent space fractional difusion equations with variable *** the presented scheme,the Crank-Nicolson temporal discretization and a second-order weighted-and-shifted Grünwald-Letnikov spatial discretization are ***,the unconditional stability and the second-order convergence in time and space of the proposed scheme are established under some conditions on the variable ***,a Toeplitz preconditioner is proposed for linear systems arising from the proposed *** condition number of the preconditioned matrix is proven to be bounded by a constant independent of the discretization step-sizes,so that the Krylov subspace solver for the preconditioned linear systems converges *** results are reported to show the convergence rate and the efciency of the proposed scheme.

关键词： One-side space fractional difusion equation Variable difusion coefcients Stability and convergence High-order fnite-diference scheme Preconditioner

Estimating canopy closure density and above-ground tree biomass using partial least square methods in Chinese boreal forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第2期23卷 191-196页

作者： lei Cheng-liang JU Cun-yong CAI Ti-jiu J1ng Xia WEI Xiao-hua DI Xue-ying School of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040P.R.China College of Geomatics Xi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710054P.R.China Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of BritishColumbia(Okanagan)3333 University wayKelownaBritish Colum-biaCanadaV1V 1V7.

Boreal forests play an important role in global environment systems. Understanding boreal forest ecosystem structure and function requires accurate monitoring and estimating of forest canopy and biomass. We used partial least square regression （PLSR） models to relate forest parameters, i.e. canopy closure density and above ground tree biomass, to Landsat ETM＋ data. The established models were optimized according to the variable importance for projection （VIP） criterion and the bootstrap method, and their performance was compared using several statistical indices. All variables selected by the VIP criterion passed the bootstrap test （p〈0.05）. The simplified models without insignificant variables （VIP 〈1） performed as well as the full model but with less computation time. The relative root mean square error （RMSE%） was 29% for canopy closure density, and 58% for above ground tree biomass. We conclude that PLSR can be an effective method for estimating canopy closure density and above ground biomass.

关键词： above-ground tree biomass bootstrap method canopy clo- sure density partial least square regression (PLSR) VIP criterion

Two Sequences of Operator Monotone Functions and Strictly Chaotic Order

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Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics 2006年第4期21卷 597-607页

作者： zhA ng lei JIAng Jian-fei College of Basic Science Donghua University Shanghai 200051 China

In this paper we introduce two sequences of operator functions and their dualfunctions： fk（t） = （flogt）k-（t-1）k/log^k＋2t （k = 1,2,...）, gk（t） = （t-1）k-logkt /log^k＋1t （k = 1,2,...） and fk（t）tklog^k＋1t/（tlogt）k-（t-1）^k（k=1,2…）,gk（t）=t^klog^k＋1t/（t-1）^k-log^kt（k=1,2…）defined onWe find that they are all operator monotone functions with respect to the strictly chaoticorder and some ordinary orders among positive invertible operators. Indeed, we extend theresults of the operator monotone function tlogt-t＋1/log^2t which is widely used in the theory of heat transfer of the heat engineering and fluid mechanics[1].

关键词： sequence of operator functions LSwner-Heinz inequality strictly Chaotic order