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A closer look at the belief propagation algorithm in side-channel attack on CCA-secure PQC KEM

Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第11期67卷 317-334页

作者： Kexin QIAO Zhaoyang WANG Heng CHANG Siwei SUN zehan wu Junjie CHENG Changhai OU An WANG Liehuang ZHU School of Cyberspace Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Cryptology School of Cryptology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University

The implementation security of post-quantum cryptography(PQC) algorithms has emerged as a critical concern with the PQC standardization process reaching its end. In a side-channel-assisted chosen-ciphertext attack, the attacker builds linear inequalities on secret key components and uses the belief propagation(BP) algorithm to solve. The number of inequalities leverages the query complexity of the attack, so the fewer the better. In this paper, we use the PQC standard algorithm CRYSTALS-KYBER as a study case to construct bilateral inequalities on key variables with substantially narrower intervals using a side-channel-assisted oracle. For KYBER512, KYBER768, and KYBER1024, the average Shannon entropy carried by such inequality is improved from the previous 0.6094, 0.4734, and 0.8544 to 0.6418, 0.4777, and 1.2007. The number of such inequalities required to recover the key utilizing the BP algorithm for KYBER512 and KYBER1024 is reduced by 5.32% and 40.53% in theory and experimentally the reduction is even *** query complexity is reduced by 43%, 37%, and 48% for KYBER512, 768, and 1024 assuming reasonably perfect reliability. Furthermore, we introduce a strategy aimed at further refining the interval of *** into the BP algorithm, we discover a measure metric named JSD(Jensen-Shannon distance)-metric that can gauge the tightness of an inequality. We then develop a machine learning-based strategy to utilize the JSD-metrics to contract boundaries of inequalities even with fewer inequalities given, thus improving the entropy carried by the system of linear inequalities. This contraction strategy is at the algorithmic level and has the potential to be employed in all attacks endeavoring to establish a system of inequalities concerning key variables.

关键词： Kyber chosen-ciphertext attack side-channel belief propagation contraction strategy machine learning

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From masses and radii of neutron stars to EOS of nuclear matter through neural network

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 104-111页

作者：武则晗文德华 School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China

The equation of state(EOS)of dense nuclear matter is a key factor for determining the internal structure and properties of neutron ***,the EOS of high-density nuclear matter has great uncertainty,mainly because terrestrial nuclear experiments cannot reproduce matter as dense as that in the inner core of a neutron ***,continuous improvements in astronomical observations of neutron stars provide the opportunity to inversely constrain the EOS of high-density nuclear *** methods have been proposed to implement this inverse constraint,including the Bayesian analysis algorithm,the Lindblom’s approach,and so *** network algorithm is an effective method developed in recent *** employing a set of isospin-dependent parametric EOSs as the training sample of a neural network algorithm,we set up an effective way to reconstruct the EOS with relative accuracy using a few mass-radius *** on the obtained neural network algorithms and according to the NICER observations on masses and radii of neutron stars with assumed precision,we obtain the inversely constrained EOS and further calculate the corresponding macroscopic properties of the neutron *** results are basically consistent with the constraint on EOS in Huth et al.[Nature 606,276(2022)]based on Bayesian ***,the results show that even though the neural network algorithm was obtained using the finite parameterized EOS as the training set,it is valid for any rational parameter combination of the parameterized EOS model.

关键词： neutron star neural network equation of state nclear matter D0I:10.1088/1674-1137/ad0e04

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Synthesis and enhanced piezoelectric response of CVD-grown SnSe layered nanosheets for flexible nanogenerators

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Nano Research 2023年第9期16卷 11839-11845页

作者： Fumei Yang Man-Chung Wong Jianfeng Mao zehan wu Jianhua Hao Department of Applied Physics the Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

Piezoelectricity is the electric charge which accumulates in certain materials in response to mechanical stimuli,while piezoelectric nanogenerators(PENGs)converting mechanical energy into electricity can be widely used for energy harvesting and self-powered *** group IV-VI monochalcogenides may exhibit strong piezoelectricity because of their puckered C_(2v)symmetry and electronic structure,making them promising for flexible ***,we investigated the synthesis and piezoelectric properties of multilayer SnSe nanosheets grown by chemical vapor deposition(CVD).The SnSe nanosheets exhibited high single-crystallinity,large area,and good *** strong layer-dependent in-plane piezoelectric coefficient of SnSe nanosheets showed a saturated trend to be~110 pm/V,which overcomes the weak piezoelectric response or odd-even effects in other layered nanosheets.A high energy conversion efficiency of 9.3%and a maximum power density of 538 mW/cm^(2)at 1.03%strain have been demonstrated in a SnSe-based *** on the enhanced piezoelectricity of SnSe and attractive output performance of the nanogenerator,a self-powered sensor for human motion monitoring is further *** results demonstrate the strong piezoelectricity in high quality CVD-grown SnSe nanosheets,allowing for application in flexible smart piezoelectric sensors and advanced microelectromechanical devices.

关键词： SnSe piezotronics piezoresponse force microscope piezoelectric nanogenerator self-powered device

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Centimeter-scale growth of two-dimensional layered high-mobility bismuth films by pulsed laser deposition

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InfoMat 2019年第1期1卷 98-107页

作者： Zhibin Yang zehan wu Yongxin Lyu Jianhua Hao Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and TechnologyMinistry of EducationTianjin UniversityTianjinChina

Ever since discovery of graphene,two-dimensional(2D)materials become a new tool box for information *** the 2D family,ultrathin bismuth(Bi)has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years due to its unique topological insulating properties and large ***,the scalable synthesis of layered Bi ultrathin films is rarely been reported,which would greatly restrict further fundamental investigation and practical device ***,we demonstrate the direct growth of homogeneous and centimeter-scale layered Bi films by pulsed laser deposition(PLD)*** as-grown Bi film exhibits high-purity phase and good *** addition,both(111)and(110)-oriented Bi films can be synthesized by precisely controlling the processing *** characterization of optical properties shows a thickness dependent band gaps(0.075-0.2 eV).Moreover,Bi thin-film-based field-effect transistors have been demonstrated,exhibiting a large carrier mobility of 220 cm2 V−1 s−*** work suggests that the PLD-grown Bi films would hold the potential to develop spintronic applications,electronic and optoelectronic devices used for information science and technology.

关键词： 2D materials bismuth film nanoscale information devices pulsed laser deposition wafer scale growth

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Lanthanide near-infrared emission and energy transfer in layered WS2/MoS2 heterostructure

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Science China Materials 2020年第4期63卷 575-581页

作者： Gongxun Bai Yongxin Lyu zehan wu Shiqing Xu Jianhua Hao Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China Institute of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018China

Lanthanide ions have attracted great attention due to their distinct photonic *** optoelectronic properties and device performance are greatly affected by the interfacial coupling between the layered van der Waals heterostructure,fabricated with two or more transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)*** this work,lanthanide-doped WS2/MoS2 layered heterostructures have been constructed through two synthesis *** doped thin films are highly textured nanosheets on ***,the as-prepared heterostructure exhibits efficient near-infrared emission in the range of the telecommunication window,owing to energy transfer between lanthanide ions in the two TMD *** use of the layered heterostructure allows the decrease of deleterious cross-relaxation due to homogeneous doping or concentration *** energy transfer process was further elaborated in this *** results suggest that lanthanide ions can effectively extend the emission band of TMD thin films and their *** doped TMD heterostructure is highly favourable for constructing atomically thin near-infrared photonic devices.

关键词： lanthanide ions near-infrared luminescence energy transfer 2D transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructure

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Ballistic performances of the hourglass lattice sandwich structures under high-velocity fragments

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 312-325页

作者： He-xiang wu Jia Qu Lin-zhi wu Key Laboratory of Advanced Ship Materials and Mechanics College of Aerospace and Civil EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China School of Civil Engineering Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040China

In this paper,the numerical simulation method is used to study the ballistic performances of hourglass lattice sandwich structures with the same mass under the vertical incidence of *** is paid to elucidating the influences of rod cross-section dimensions,structure height,structure layer,and rod inclination angle on the deformation mode,ballistic performances,and ability to change the ballistic direction of *** results show that the ballistic performances of hourglass lattice sandwich structures are mainly affected by their structural *** this respect,structural parameters optimization of the hourglass lattice sandwich structures enable one to effectively improve their ballistic limit velocity and,consequently,ballistic performances.

关键词： Hourglass lattice sandwich structures Ballistic performances high-velocity Finite element analysis

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Resilience-incorporated seismic risk assessment of precast concrete frames with“dry”connections

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第2期23卷 403-425页

作者： wu Chenhao Tang Yuchuan Cao Xuyang wu Gang Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education Nanjing 211102China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA School of Civil Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211102China College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210024China

A resilience-incorporated risk assessment framework is proposed and demonstrated in this study to manifest the advantageous seismic resilience of precast concrete frame(PCF)structures with“dry”connections in terms of their low damage and rapid *** framework integrates various uncertainties in the seismic hazard,fragility,capacity,demand,loss functions,and post-earthquake *** this study,the PCF structures are distinguished from ordinary reinforced concrete frame(RCF)structures by characterizing multiple limit states for the PCF based on its unique damage ***,probabilistic story-wise pushover analyses are performed to yield story-wise capacities for the predefined limit *** the seismic resilience analysis,a step-wise recovery model is proposed to idealize the functionality recovery process,with separate considerations of the repair and non-repair *** recovery model leverages the economic loss and downtime to delineate the stochastic post-earthquake recovery curves for the resilience loss *** such,contingencies in the probabilistic post-earthquake repairs are incorporated and the empirical judgments on the recovery parameters are largely *** proposed framework is demonstrated through a comparative study between two“dry”connected PCFs and one RCF designed as alternative structural systems for a prototype *** results from the risk quantification indicate that the PCFs show reduced loss hazards and lower expected losses relative to the ***,the PCF equipped with energy dissipation devices at the“dry”connections largely reduces the expected economic loss,downtime,and resilience loss by 29%,56%,and 60%,respectively,compared to the RCF.

关键词： precast concrete frame non-emulative precast system seismic resilience seismic risk functional recovery

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New findings on the influence of El Nino events on tropical cyclone formation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 892-893页

作者： Liguang wu Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Institute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Tropical cyclones typically form over warm tropical and subtropical ocean surfaces, as their formation and intensification rely primarily on the energy provided by the ocean. Pioneering research by Gray (1968) revealed that the formation of tropical cyclones requires the sea surface temperature (SST) to be no less than 26.5℃. Consequently, SST is commonly recognized as a crucial parameter among the environmental factors influencing tropical cyclone formation(Gray, 1979;Emanuel and Nolan, 2004).

关键词： tropical cyclone ocean

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Two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures for photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2434-2447页

作者： Yang wu Mingyu wu Yongfu Sun Yi Xie Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The CO_(2)reduction into carbon-contained fuel via solar energy offers the powerful tools to realize the zero-emission carbon *** to the intriguing features of the two-dimensional(2D)heterostructures,it is susceptible to modulate the electronic structure as well as the surface geometry for optimizing the photocatalytic CO_(2)*** this perspective,we surveyed the fundamental insights of 2D semiconductor heterostructures,involving the fabrication strategies and classification of the 2D semiconductor ***,we have detailly discussed the overview of 2D semiconductor heterostructure for optimizing CO_(2)photocatalytic influenced factors,including the solar energy utilization,photogenerated carriers separation,and redox reaction ***,we showed the significant advantages of 2D heterostructures in elevating CO_(2)photoreduction performance,focusing on activity,selectivity and *** analyzing the limitations and developments,we ended by putting forward insights into the further researches about the CO_(2)photocatalysts and reactor design,even industrial applications.

关键词： two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures photocatalysis CO_(2)conversion

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Two-layer autonomous intelligence dynamic trajectory planning method based on shield-tunnel ring-geology interactions

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Underground Space 2024年第6期19卷 227-250页

作者： Min Hu Bingjian wu Huiming wu Liefeng Pei SILC Business School Shanghai UniversityShanghai 201800China SHU-SUCG Research Centre for Building Industrialization Shanghai 201800China Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200032China

To solve the problem that current attitude planning methods do not fully consider the interaction and constraints among the shield,segmental tunnel ring,and geology,and cannot adapt to the changes in the actual engineering environment,or provide feasible long-term and short-term attitude planning,this paper proposes autonomous intelligent dynamic trajectory planning(AI-DTP)to provide tunnel ring and centimeter-layer planning targets for a self-driving shield to meet long-term accuracy and short-term ***-DTP introduces the Frenet coordinate system to solve the problem of inconsistent spatial representation of tunnel data,segmental tunnel ring location,and surrounding geological conditions,designs the long short-term memory attitude prediction model to accurately predict shield attitude change trend based on shield,tunnel,and geology,and uses a heuristic algorithm for trajectory ***-DTP provides ring-layer and centimeter-layer planning objectives that meet the needs of long-term accuracy and short-term correction of shield attitude *** the Hangzhou-Shaoxing Intercity Railroad Tunnel Project in China,the‘‘Zhiyu”shield equipped with the AI-DTP system was faster and more accurate than the manually controlled shield,with a smoother process and better quality of the completed tunnel.

关键词： Shield tunnel Trajectory planning Attitude control Self-driving Machine learning

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