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Mood Di.orders: Protecti.n of the Hyper-Exci.ed Brai., or a Ri.k Factor?

Journal of Behavi.ral and Brai. Sci.nce 2019年第2期9卷 54-65页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili i.i.e G. Bi.ani.hvi.i.Mai. G. Barbakadze Nadejda A. Khi.ani.hvi.i Department of Neurophysi.logy Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia i.ternati.nal Caucasus Uni.ersi.y Tbilisi Georgia

Emoti.nal di.turbances such as anxi.ty, fear, depressi.n and aggressi.n are often experi.nced by pati.nts wi.h temporal lobe epi.epsy. These psychi.tri. symptoms may occur duri.g or just after (posti.tal) a sei.ure;however, i. some pati.nts, they occur i.teri.tally (i.e. between sei.ures) and may profoundly change the i.di.i.ual’s personali.y. Asi.e from confi.mi.g that a si.ni.i.ant proporti.n of temporal lobe epi.epti.s do suffer from i.teri.tal abnormal emoti.nali.y, there has been li.tle progress to date i. i.enti.yi.g the fundamental nature of these di.turbances. There i. a lack of evi.ences regardi.g the i.fluence of acti.ati.n of emoti.geni. structures and emoti.nal behavi.r on development of sei.ures. Ki.dli.g i. a commonly used ani.al model for study of i.teri.tal emoti.nali.y and the effects of ki.dli.g and human epi.epsy on emoti.nal behavi.r are the pri.ary focus of i.vesti.ators and not vi.e versa. Respecti.ely, the i.terrelati.n between emoti.nal and sei.ure reacti.ns was studi.d i. Wi.tar albi.o rats. i. our study we tri.d to eluci.ate: can emoti.nal behavi.r evoked by sti.ulati.n of the emoti.geni. zones of the hypothalamus or of i.ducti.n of acute pai. stress modi.y mani.estati.ns of generali.ed sei.ures wi.hi. the peri.d where a “full” epi.epti. syndrom has been stable formed earli.r? Our leadi.g hypothesi. i. as follow: the emoti.nal di.turbances can be consi.ered as the emergence of i.sti.cti.e behavi.r wi.h an adapti.e si.ni.i.ance of defense and as a by-product of the i.hi.i.ory processes that bui.d up to protect agai.st the future occurrence of sei.ures.

关键词： Ki.dli.g Hypothalamus Stress Sei.ure Rats

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i.teracti.n between Sei.ure and Theta Rhythm

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Journal of Behavi.ral and Brai. Sci.nce 2020年第1期10卷 18-28页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili i.i.e G. Bi.ani.hvi.i.Mai. D. Barbakadze Tamar Z. Gai.arashvi.i.Salome A. Doli.ze Ketevan E. Khujadze Levan X. Nachkebi. Nadejda A. Khi.ani.hvi.i Department of Neurophysi.logy I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia i.ternati.nal Caucasus Uni.ersi.y Tbilisi Georgia P. Shotadze Tbi.i.i.Medi.al Academy Tbilisi Georgia.

Recently i. was shown by us that combi.ed sti.ulati.n of hi.pocampus and dorsomedi.l hypothalamus resulted i. suppressi.n of the electroencephalographi. sei.ure reacti.ns and, respecti.ely, mani.estati.ns of behavi.ral sei.ures reduced. i. i. expected, that augmentati.n of i.hi.i.ory processes i. hi.pocampal neurons i. the course of dorsomedi.l hypothalamus sti.ulati.n can tri.ger mechani.ms preventi.g the development of epi.epti.orm acti.i.y. Because of two i.portant characteri.ti.s of the hi.pocampus—theta rhythm and epi.eptogenesi.—these appear to be i.terrelated i. respect of thei. cellular substrates, and as far as theta rhythm may modulate hi.pocampal exci.abi.i.y, a study of the functi.nal relati.nshi. between theta rhythm and sei.ure acti.i.y was endeavored. The purpose of thi. study i. to test thi. proposal by determi.i.g the effects on sei.ures of i.ducti.n or suppressi.n of hi.pocampal theta acti.i.y. Our fi.di.gs show that: 1) agai.st background of strong unusual sound sti.ulati.n (i. our case-sound) blockade of local sei.ure reacti.ns i.duced by hi.pocampal sti.ulati.n occurred;2) the frequency of hi.pocampal i.teri.tal epi.epti.orm di.chargers i.creased wi.h the transi.i.n from the awake state to drowsi.ess and a slow-wave sleep phase. After the ani.al came from slow-wave sleep to paradoxi.al sleep, epi.epti.orm acti.i.y completely di.appeared;3) at threshold sti.ulati.n of hypothalamus when electrohi.pocampogram shows augmentati.n of the theta rhythm there i. a si.ni.i.ant reducti.n of sei.ure durati.ns. When at hypothalamus sti.ulati.n i.stead of theta rhythm the electri.al acti.i.y i. desynchroni.ed, there occurs a consi.erable i.tensi.i.ati.n of sei.ure acti.i.y. Therefore, sei.ure-theta antagoni.m i. our experi.ents could be i.terpreted as an adjustment of the i.hi.i.ory mechani.ms when the theta rhythm i. evoked.

关键词： Hi.pocampus Sei.ure Theta Rhythm Rats

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Some Characteri.ti.s of Neurons i. the Reti.ular Nucleus of the Thalamus (Preli.i.ary Data)

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Journal of Behavi.ral and Brai. Sci.nce 2023年第3期13卷 45-54页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili i.i.e G. Bi.ani.hvi.i.i.i.e G. Vashaki.ze Mai. G. Barbakadze Megi.G. Dumbadze Nadejda A. Khi.ani.hvi.i Laboratory of Neurophysi.logy Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia Georgi.n Nati.nal Uni.ersi.y - SEU Tbilisi Georgia Teachi.g Uni.ersi.y Geomedi Tbilisi Georgia

Our general understandi.g of the functi.n of neurons i. that dendri.es recei.e i.formati.n that i. relayed to the axon, where acti.n potenti.ls are i.i.i.ted and propagated to eventually tri.ger neurotransmi.ter release at synapti. termi.als. Although for a number of neuron types i. the mammali.n brai., many neuron types do not follow thi. classi.al polari.y pattern. i. fact, dendri.es may be the si.e of acti.n potenti.ls i.i.i.ti.n and propagati.n. i. should be noted that convi.ci.g evi.ence has been obtai.ed for the exi.tence of dendri.i. acti.n potenti.ls i. hi.pocampal and neocorti.al neurons. Wi.h regard to the dendri.e potenti.ls of thalami. neurons i. general and speci.i.ally the reti.ular nucleus of the thalamus, i. has not yet been reported. The results of thi. study demonstrate, for the fi.st ti.e, that generati.n of spi.e potenti.ls of di.ferent ampli.udes was observed i. the acti.i.y of the thalami. reti.ular nucleus neurons. The generati.n of one acti.n potenti.l does not i.terfere wi.h the generati.n of another, and a spi.e potenti.l of smaller ampli.ude can occur at the ascendi.g or descendi.g phase of the spi.e potenti.l of large ampli.ude. i. can be argued that the spi.e potenti.ls of lower ampli.udes ari.i.g i. the thalami. reti.ular nucleus neuron are of dendri.e ori.i.. Gi.en both the strategi. posi.i.n and the functi.nal purpose of the TRN, i. can be assumed that the neurons of thi. structure must each ti.e be di.charged wi.h spi.e potenti.ls i. order to carry out thei. modulati.g effect on other areas of the nervous system of the brai. wi.hout leakage.

关键词： Thalamus Neuron Dendri.e Potenti.ls Cat

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Pregnancy: Protecti.n of the Hyperacti.e Brai., or a Ri.k Factor?

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Journal of Behavi.ral and Brai. Sci.nce 2014年第7期4卷 334-341页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili i.i.e G. Bi.ani.hvi.i.Arkadi.G. Surmava Nata G. Buki. Mari.e P. Butskri.i.ze Lamara i. Machavari.ni.Ni.o T. Samsi.shvi.i.Mai. G. Barbaqadze i.ma G. Khachi.ze Nadejda A. Khi.ani.hvi.i Department of Neurophysi.logy Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine Tbilisi Georgia

The mai. objecti.e of the study was to determi.e the effect of gestati.n and postgestati.n peri.ds on development and course of sei.ure acti.i.y. The data obtai.ed i. the study showed that i. there i. a reducti.n of both EEG and behavi.ral sei.ures duri.g gestati.n i. the presence of hi.pocampal epi.eptogeni. locus (ki.dli.g model);i.) suppressi.n of audi.geni. sei.ures occurs i. gestati.n, and development of audi.geni. ki.dli.g and decrease of sei.ure reacti.ns occur i. the pseudogestati.n state. i. i. assumed that i. gestati.n peri.d the i.tensi.i.ati.n of the possi.le endogenous i.hi.i.ory mechani.ms follows the course of sei.ure acti.i.y.

关键词： Gestati.n Ki.dli.g Audi.geni. Sei.ures Rats

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Si.ni.i.ance of the Thalami. Reti.ular Nucleus GABAergi. Neurons i. Normal and Pathologi.al Acti.i.y of the Brai.

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Journal of Behavi.ral and Brai. Sci.nce 2012年第4期2卷 436-444页

作者： Zakaria I. Nanobashvili Arkadi.G. Surmava i.i.e G. Bi.ani.hvi.i.Mai. G. Barbaqadze Magda D. Mari.mi.ze Nadejda A. Khi.ani.hvi.i Department of Neurophysi.logy Ivane Beritashvili Experimental BioMedicine Centre Tbilisi Georgia

The relati.nshi. between neurons of the thalami. reti.ular nucleus (TRN) and relay neurons of the thalami. nuclei.was studi.d. Acti.ati.n of the TRN neurons was shown to abate acti.i.y of relay neurons. Thi. evi.ence was obtai.ed by sti.ulati.n of the TRN and the neocortex and, by i.troducti.n of small doses of nembutal as well. Suppressi.n of the relay neuronal acti.i.y by the TRN neurons i. supposed to occur monosynapti.ally. i. has been also revealed that neuronal acti.i.y of the TRN enhances i. a cloni. phase of sei.ures generated by sti.ulati.n of the hi.pocampus and as soon as the electroencephalographi. sei.ure reacti.ns di.appear. The suppressi.n of li.bi. motor sei.ures i. obvi.usly related to the process of potenti.ti.n i. GABAergi. synapses of thalamocorti.al networks. Thus, sti.ulati.n of the TRN appears to be a rather valuable methodi.al tool that can open up prospects i. the development of new “anti.onvulsi.e” strategi.s i. the treated of temporal lobe epi.epsy.

关键词： Thalami. Reti.ular Nucleus Relay Neurons Sei.ure Acti.i.y Potenti.ti.n Cats

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一种新型多用途污染控制船的研发及其球鼻艏的优化

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哈尔滨工程大学学报（英文版） 2023年第3期22卷 513-526页

作者： Abdelkader Lahlali.zakaria El Maskaoui.Lahbi. Bousshi.e Abderrahi. Di.ane Laboratoi.e de Mécani.ue d’i.géni.ri. et d’i.novati.n LM2i ENSEMUniversitéHassan IICasablanca 20103Morocco Département Energi. Ecole Royale NavaleCasablanca 20052Morocco

Controlli.g mari.e polluti.n caused by hydrocarbons spi.li.g from oi. tanker acci.ents and oi. ri.s i. urgently needed.Conventi.nal polluti.n control vessels currently i. servi.e worldwi.e do not meet certai. safety cri.eri.,storage capaci.i.s,and response ti.es owi.g to thei. techni.al shortcomi.gs.Thi. study proposes a new concept of multi.i.si.n and autonomous anti.olluti.n vessels capable of acti.g qui.kly and effi.i.ntly to counter such polluti.n threats.The objecti.e of thi. study i. to carry out a total and rapi. recovery of the spi.led oi. sli.k i. complete safety.Hence,opti.i.i.g the bulbous bow adapted to the polluti.n control vessel duri.g i.s di.placement i. necessary to hori.ontally strai.hten the accompanyi.g waves formed around the hull and to lami.ate the flow upstream of the si.e openi.gs for the recovery of spi.led oi..Thi. opti.i.ati.n i.proves the nauti.al quali.i.s speci.i. to thi. shi. to reduce the total resi.tance to progress and to standardi.e the flow upstream of the si.e openi.gs to allow the collecti.n of spi.led oi. at hi.h speed.Thi. opti.i.ati.n study can open a fi.ld of appli.ati.n for the constructi.n of modern multi.mi.si.n polluti.n control vessels.Tests i. hull basi.s wi.l be planned to vali.ate and adjust the results obtai.ed from the si.ulati.ns.

关键词： Polluti.n control vessel Multi.i.si.n shi. Oi. sli.k Hydrocarbon Barrage Bow bulb Accompanyi.g waves Resi.tance to advancement

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Effect of Pati.nt-Speci.i. Aorta Wall Properti.s on Hemodynami. Parameters

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Flui. Dynami.s & Materi.ls Processi.g 2021年第1期17卷 171-179页

作者： Mohamad Shukri.zakaria Hasli.a Abdullah Azmi.Nordi. Syazwati.Ahmad Zaki Fakulti.Kejuruteraan Mekani.al Universiti Teknikal Malaysia MelakaHang Tuah Jaya76100Malaysia Faculty of Mechani.al&Manufacturi.g Engi.eeri.g Universiti Tun Hussein OnnParit Raja86400Malaysia

Thi. study deals wi.h the i.teracti.n of blood flow wi.h the wall aorta,i.e.,the boundary of the mai. artery that transports blood i. the human body.The problem i. addressed i. the framework of computati.nal flui. dynami.s complemented wi.h(FSi.,i.e.,a flui.-structure i.teracti.n model.Two fundamental types of wall are consi.ered,namely a flexi.le and a ri.i. boundary.The resulti.g hemodynami. flows are carefully compared i. order to determi.e whi.h boundary condi.i.n i. more effecti.e i. reproduci.g reali.y.Speci.l attenti.n i. pai. to wall shear stress(WSS),a factor known for i.s abi.i.y to produce atherosclerosi. and bulges.Lami.ar flow condi.i.ns are assumed.The result show that the flexi.le wall can produce hi.her WSS and pressure drop compared to the ri.i. aorta case.

关键词： Aorta CFD wall shear stress FS

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Proposed Framework for Securi.y Ri.k Assessment

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Journal of i.formati.n Securi.y 2011年第2期2卷 85-90页

作者： zakaria i. Saleh Heba Refai.Ahmad Mashhour Faculty of Computer Sci.nce and i.formati.n Systems Yarmouk University

Securi.y ri.k assessment framework provi.es comprehensi.e structure for securi.y ri.k analysi. that would help uncover systems’ threats and vulnerabi.i.i.s. Whi.e securi.y ri.k assessment i. an i.portant step i. the securi.y ri.k management process, thi. paper wi.l focus only on the securi.y ri.k assessment framework. Vi.wi.g i.sues that exi.t i. a current framework, we have developed a new framework for securi.y ri.k and vulnerabi.i.i.s assessment by addi.g new components to the processes of the exi.ti.g framework. The proposed framework wi.l further enhance the outcome of the ri.k assessment, and i.prove the effecti.eness of the current framework. To demonstrate the effi.i.ncy the proposed framework, a network securi.y si.ulati.n as well as fi.ed tests of an exi.ti.g network where conducted.

关键词： Securi.y Ri.k Vulnerabi.i.i.s Framework Si.ulati.n

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Ploi.y-, gender-, and dose-dependent alterati.n of selected bi.markers i. Clari.s gari.pi.us treated wi.h benzo[a]pyrene

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Journal of Envi.onmental Sci.nces 2015年第12期27卷 95-102页

作者： Ali.Karami.Swee J.Teh Mohamad Pauzi.zakaria Si.on C.Courtenay Laboratory of Aquati. Toxi.ology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia School of Veteri.ary Medi.i.e Department of AnatomyPhysiologyand Cell BiologyUniversity of California Centre of Excellence for Envi.onmental Forensi.s Faculty of Environmental StudiesUniversiti Putra Malaysia Department of Envi.onment and Resource Studi.s Canadian Water NetworkCanadian Rivers InstituteUniversity of Waterloo

Naturally-occurri.g and arti.i.i.lly-i.duced polyploi.s have been documented i. vari.us fi.h speci.s but to date no compari.on has been reported of the i.pacts of ploi.y on fi.h bi.marker responses to organi. pollutants.Thi. study descri.es effects of ploi.y,gender,and dose on bi.i.ry fluorescent aromati. compound（FAC） concentrati.ns,hepati. ethoxyresorufi.-O-deethylase（EROD） and glutathi.ne S-transferase（GST） acti.i.i.s i. one of the most commonly cultured warm-water speci.s,the Afri.an catfi.h Clari.s gari.pi.us.Recently matured male and female di.loi. and tri.loi. fi.h were i.traperi.oneally（i.p.）i.jected wi.h 0,5 or 25 mg/kg benzo[a]pyrene（BaP） and li.er and gallbladder were sampled48 hr later.No si.ni.i.ant di.ferences were found between ploi.i.s i. bi.e concentrati.ns of7,8 di.ydrodi.lbenzo[a]pyrene（7,8D BaP）,1-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene（1-OH BaP） or3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene（3-OH BaP）.However,concentrati.ns of the bi.i.ry FACs di. di.fer between males and females at di.ferent dose of i.jecti.n wi.h generally hi.her concentrati.ns i. females at the low dose of BaP and hi.her concentrati.ns i. males at the hi.her BaP concentrati.n.Hepati. EROD acti.i.y di. not exhi.i. gender-dependent di.ference,whereas i. was si.ni.i.antly hi.her i. tri.loi.s than di.loi.s.GST acti.i.i.s were not si.ni.i.antly i.fluenced by any of the tested factors.Thi. work advanced our understandi.g of the role of ploi.y,gender,and dose i. bi.transformati.n of pollutants i. fi.h.

关键词： Tri.loi. Di.loi. Male Female Fi.h bi.markers

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Ri.k assessment for the dai.y i.take of polycycli. aromati. hydrocarbons from the i.gesti.n of cockle (Anadara granosa) and exposure to contami.ated water and sedi.ents along the west coast of Peni.sular Malaysi.

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Journal of Envi.onmental Sci.nces 2011年第2期23卷 336-345页

作者： Sei.deh Aghi.eh Mi.sadeghi.Mohamad Pauzi.zakaria Chee Kong Yap Azadeh Shahbazi Centre of Excellence for Envi.onmental Forensi.s Faculty of Environmental StudiesUniversity Putra Malaysia43400 UPMSerdangSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Sci.nce Department of BiologyUniversity Putra Malaysia43400 UPMSerdangSelangorMalaysia

The concentrati.n of carci.ogeni. polycycli. aromati. hydrocarbons （c-PAHs） present i. the sedi.ent and water of Peni.sular Malaysi. as well as i. the cockle Anadara granosa was i.vesti.ated. Samples were extracted and analysed wi.h gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The concentrati.ns of total carci.ogeni. polycycli. aromati. hydrocarbons （t-PAHs） were measured between 0.80±0.04 to 162.96 ±14.74 ng/g wet wei.ht （ww） i. sedi.ent, between 21.85± 2.18 to 76.2± 10.82 ng/L i. water samples and between 3.34 ±0.77 to 46.85 ± 5.50 ng/g ww i. the cockle ti.sue. The ri.k assessment of probable human carci.ogens i. the Group B2 PAHs was calculated and assessed i. accordance wi.h the standards of the Uni.ed States Envi.onmental Protecti.n Agency （US EPA）. Case i.i. the toxi.i.y assessment analysed the cancer ri.k to consumers of Malaysi.n blood cockle. Case i. assessed the ri.k of cancer from exposure to PAHs from multi.le pathways. The average cancer ri.k of case i.and case i. were found to be classi.i.ble as unsafe accordi.g to the US EPA standard. The cancer ri.k due to c-PAHs acqui.ed by the i.gesti.n of blood cockle was （8.82 ± 0.54） × 10^ 6 to （2.67 ± 0.06） × 10^-2, hi.her than the US EPA ri.k management cri.eri.n. The non-cancer ri.ks associ.ted wi.h multi.le pathways i. Kuala Gula, Kuala Juru and Kuala Perli. were hi.her than the US EPA safe level, but the non-cancer ri.k for eati.g blood cockle was below the level of US EPA concern.

关键词： toxi.i.y assessment carci.ogeni. polycycli. aromati. hydrocarbons group B2 of US EPA Anadara granosa

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