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Perspective on the relationship between microbiota dysbiosis and neuroinflammation:probiotics as a treatment option

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1969-1970页

作者： Chiao W.Ng zahoor A.shah Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOHUSA

Introduction:In the 1680s,Antonie van Leewenhoek was the first to observe the differences in the human gut microbiome versus the oral cavity diversity,and it led to the birth of a new term,“microbiota”.Later,the link between the brain and the gut was observed to be facilitated by the vagus nerve,allowing for neurotransmitters secreted in the gastrointestinal tract to travel to the brain,directing signals that influence brain function.The gut microbiome is linked to various diseases ranging from autism spectrum disorder to Parkinson’s disease(PD)and is projected to be the new“disease-causing mechanism,”calling for interventions that can modulate gut microbiota and mitigate brain disorders.Gut dysbiosis is observed before and after the onset of various neurodegenerative diseases and often manifests itself into gut-related diseases such as.

关键词： inflammation diseases treatment

Use of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in COVID-19 related strokes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1881-1883页

作者： Mahika Rawat Chiao Ng Emaad Khan Rayyan A.shah Suha Ashfaq Ghaith A.Bahader zahoor A.shah Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOHUSA

Co ronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) has affected a broad demographics,eliciting a more significant effect on specific groups such as males,African Americans,and Hispanic minorities.Treatment of COVID-19 often requires antiviral drugs or monoclonal antibodies.However,immunotherapies such as mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal vesicles should be evaluated as treatment options for COVID-19.Mesenchymal stem cell thera py offe rs regenerative,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulato ry properties that can speed up the recovery from COVID-19.Mesenchymal stem cell therapy can also benefit COVID-19 patients who suffer from stro kes,as COVID-19 increases the risk of strokes due to increased cytokines and clotting facto rs.Most stroke cases that occur in COVID-19 patients are ischemic strokes.Therefo re,with the help of mesenchymal stem cell therapy and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes,COVID-19-induced stroke patients might benefit from dual-ended treatment.The o bjective of this review was to discuss COVID-19 and stroke incidence and the available treatment options.

关键词： COVID-19 cytokines immunotherapy interleukin-7 mesenchymal stem cells neuroinflammation sex differences stroke

Small interfering RNAs based therapies for intracerebral hemorrhage: challenges and progress in drug delivery systems

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1717-1725页

作者： Daniyah A.Almarghalani Sai H.S.Boddu Mohammad Ali Akhila Kondaka Devin Ta Rayyan A.shah zahoor A.shah Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOHUSA Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOHUSA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesAjman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates

Intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)is a subtype of stroke associated with higher rates of mortality.Currently,no effective drug treatment is available for ICH.The molecular pathways following ICH are complicated and diverse.Nucleic acid therapeutics such as gene knockdown by small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)have been developed in recent years to modulate ICH’s destructive pathways and mitigate its outcomes.However,siRNAs delivery to the central nervous system is challenging and faces many roadblocks.Existing barriers to systemic delivery of siRNA limit the use of naked siRNA;therefore,siRNA-vectors developed to protect and deliver these therapies into the specific-target areas of the brain,or cell types seem quite promising.Efficient delivery of siRNA via nanoparticles emerged as a viable and effective alternative therapeutic tool for central nervous system-related diseases.This review discusses the obstacles to siRNA delivery,including the advantages and disadvantages of viral and nonviral vectors.Additionally,we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in nanotherapeutics areas,primarily focusing on the delivery system of siRNA for ICH treatment.

关键词： intracerebral hemorrhage lipid-based nanoparticle nanoparticles nanotechnology nonviral vectors peptide-mediated nanoparticle polymer-based nanoparticle siRNA therapeutics siRNA-barriers viral vectors

Withania somnifera: a pre-clinical study on neuroregenerative therapy for stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第2期10卷 183-185页

作者： Aparna Raghavan zahoor A. shah Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toledo Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toledo

Stroke management exerts insurmountable societal and economic burden on the patient as well as their caregivers. In the year 2010 alone, the direct and indirect costs of stroke care amounted to 36.5 billion dollars （Go et al., 2014）. Despite concentrated efforts to develop a safe, effective drug for stroke, we have not discovered one since the introduction of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator （rtPA）--the standalone FDA-approved therapy for stroke. While rtPA is highly effective, it needs to be given within 3-4.5 hours of the onset of stroke symptoms （Zivin, 2009）. This is often complicated by the delay in the commencement of treatment due to preliminary inclusion parameters that are required to be ascertained before rtPA administration.

关键词： Withania somnifera a pre-clinical study on neuroregenerative therapy for stroke MCAO PARP WS

Repair and regeneration properties of Ginkgo biloba after ischemic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第11期9卷 1104-1107页

作者： Aparna Raghavan zahoor A.shah Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of ToledoToledo OH USA

The irretrievable fate of neurons rhetoric for the first half of this dominated the neuroscience century, a position that was fiercely contested and recently debunked by extensive studies carried out in the field of neuroregeneration research. The turning point came in the year 1928, when Ramon Y. Cajal＇s （Lobato, 2008） work suggested that the regenerative capacity of neurons, though limited, could exist beyond their physical be- ing and depended on the environment surrounding them. That the manipulation of the restrictive environment surrounding the neuron could aid the regenerative process was conclusively established by Aguayo and colleagues （Richardson et al., 1980）. Since then, various strategies have been employed to target the different phases of regeneration which include： cell-replacement and augmenting endogenous neurogenesis, the use of trophic factors, reversal of the inhibitory cues, and induction of signal- ing pathways that stimulate axon growth and guidance （Horner and Gage. 2000）.

关键词： NSCs Repair and regeneration properties of Ginkgo biloba after ischemic brain injury EGb

The role of cofilin in age-related neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1451-1459页

作者： Amsha S.Alsegiani zahoor A.shah Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toledo

Aging brain becomes susceptible to neurodegenerative diseases due to the shifting of microglia and astrocyte phenotypes to an active“pro-inflammatory”state,causing chronic low-grade neuroinflammation.Despite the fact that the role of neuroinflammation during aging has been extensively studied in recent years,the underlying causes remain unclear.The identification of relevant proteins and understanding their potential roles in neuroinflammation can help explain their potential of becoming biomarkers in the aging brain and as drug targets for prevention and treatment.This will eventually reduce the chances of developing neurodegenerative diseases and promote healthier lives in the elderly.In this review,we have summarized the morphological and cellular changes in the aging brain,the effects of age-related neuroinflammation,and the potential role of cofilin-1 during neuroinflammation.We also discuss other factors contributing to brain aging and neuroinflammation.

关键词： aging astrocyte-activation cofilin cofilin inhibitor cofilin/actin rods inflammaging microglial activation neurogenesis neuroinflammation

Anesthesia and sedation in pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: A review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2010年第7期2卷 257-262页

作者： Abdul Q Dar zahoor a shah Anesthesiology and Critical Care Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagarKashmir 190011India

Gastrointestinal(GI) endoscopic procedure has become an essential modality for evaluation and treatment of GI diseases.Intravenous(IV) sedation and General Anesthesia(GA) have both been employed to minimize discomfort and provide amnesia.Both these procedures require,at the very least,monitoring of the level of consciousness,pulmonary ventilation,oxygenation and hemodynamics.Although GI endoscopy is considered safe,the procedure has a potential for complications.Increased awareness of the complications associated with sedation during GI endoscopy in children,and involving the anesthesiologists in caring for these children,may be optimal for safety.Belonging to a younger age group,having a higher ASA class and undergoing IV sedation were identified as risk factors for developing complications.Reported adverse events included inadequate sedation,low oxygen saturation,airway obstruction,apnea needing bag mask ventilation,excitement and agitation,hemorrhage and perforation.A complication rate of 1.2% was associated with procedures performed under GA,as compared to 3.7% of complications associated with IV sedation.IV sedation was seen to be independently associated with a cardiopulmonary complication rate 5.3% times higher when compared to GA.GA can therefore be considered safer and more effective in providing comfort and amnesia.

关键词： Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Pediatrics Sedation General anesthesia

基于人工神经网络（ANN）的HFSS微带天线设计

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基于人工神经网络（ANN）的HFSS微带天线设计

作者： zahoor shah 华北电力大学(北京)

学位级别：硕士

微带天线是一种具有外形小、重量轻、制造容易、价格低廉、与集成电路器件兼容、表面适应性强等优点的天线。当今世界用户对微带天线系统的要求越来越高,这对提高微带天线系统的制造能力具有重要意义。因此,需要有效、快速、可靠的贴片... 详细信息

微带天线是一种具有外形小、重量轻、制造容易、价格低廉、与集成电路器件兼容、表面适应性强等优点的天线。当今世界用户对微带天线系统的要求越来越高,这对提高微带天线系统的制造能力具有重要意义。因此,需要有效、快速、可靠的贴片天线设计技术。本文设计了一种基于人工神经网络的矩形贴片微带天线。本文通过高频结构模拟器HFSS设计了一种X波段雷达用矩形贴片微带天线,其工作频率为9.5GHz,比较了微带线馈电和同轴馈电两种不同的激励技术对天线的影响。进而本文基于矩量法（MOM）、利用HFSS软件设计了 85个X-band波段矩形贴片微带天线,频率为涵盖8GHz～12GHz。利用所设计天线数据,基于人工神经网络（ANN）建立了计算矩形微带天线谐振频率的模型,并利用反向传播Backpropagation（BP）技术、采用多层感知器 multilayered perceptron（MLP）模型对矩形微带天线的谐振频率计算模型进行训练和测试。其中训练过程采用Levenberg-Marquardt（LM）算法,73个数据集用于训练,12个数据集用于测试。仿真结果表明,Levenberg Marquardt（LM）算法的神经网络模型可用于贴片微带天线的谐振频率,且相较于HFSS仿真计算具有更高的计算速度。

关键词：矩形贴片微带天线人工神经网络（ANN） HFSS X波段雷达频率

Betulin protects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and attenuating cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第6期14卷 236-244页

作者： Hital shah Tejal Gandhi Gujarat Technological University AhmedabadGujarat 382424India Department of Pharmacology Anand Pharmacy CollegeAnandGujarat 388001India

Objective:To investigate the cardioprotective potential of betulin in isoproterenol(ISO)-induced myocardial injury in rats.Methods:Wistar rats were divided into five groups(n=10):normal,ISO,nebivolol 5 mg/kg,and betulin(20&40 mg/kg).Nebivolol and betulin were administered orally for 29 days.ISO(85 mg/kg)was administered subcutaneously on day 27 and day 28 to induce myocardial injury.On day 29,blood was collected for determination of cardiac markers,and hemodynamic parameters were investigated.The levels of oxidative stress markers and the gene expressions of apoptotic markers and inflammatory mediators were evaluated.Moreover,2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and histopathological analysis were also performed.Results:Betulin reduced the size of myocardial infarction,decreased elevated levels of cardiac enzymes,and maintained hemodynamic functions.It also inhibited ISO-induced upregulation of Bax,caspase-3,NF-κB,and IL-6,enhanced endogenous antioxidant enzymes,and reduced lipid peroxidation.Additionally,pretreatment with betulin alleviated myocardial ischemic damage,as reflected by reduced myonecrosis,edema,and inflammatory changes.Conclusions:Betulin exhibits strong cardioprotective activity against ISO-induced myocardial injury by anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptotic,and antioxidant activities.

关键词： NF-κB Isoproterenol Betulin Myocardial injury Oxidative stress Inflammation Apoptosis