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Sugar beet yield and industrial sugar contents improved by potassium fertilization under scarce and adequate moisture conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2620-2626页

作者： muhammad Umair Mubarak muhammad zahir Sagheer Ahmad Abdul Wakeel Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad Sugar Crops Program National Agricultural Research Center

Sugar beet（Beta vulgaris L.） is an industrial crop, grown worldwide for sugar production. In Pakistan, sugar is mostly extracted from sugarcane, soil and environmental conditions are equally favorable for sugar beet cultivation. Beet sugar contents are higher than sugarcane sugar contents, which can be further increased by potassium（K） fertilization. Total K concentration is higher in Pakistani soils developed from mica minerals, but it does not represent plant available K for sustainable plant growth. A pot experiment was conducted in the wire-house of Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences at University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. K treatments were the following： no K（K_0）, K application at 148 kg ha^（–1）（K_1） and 296 kg ha^（–1）（K_2）. Irrigation levels were used as water sufficient at 60% water holding capacity and water deficient at 40% water holding capacity. The growth, yield and beet quality data were analyzed statistically using LSD. The results revealed that increase in the level of K fertilization at water sufficient level significantly increased plant growth, beet yield and industrial beet sugar content. The response of K fertilization under water deficient condition was also similar, however overall sugar production was less than that in water sufficient conditions. It is concluded from this study that K application could be used not only to enhance plant growth and beet yield but also enhance beet sugar content both under water-deficient as well as water-sufficient conditions.

关键词： potassium irrigation levels beet yields sugar contents

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Low temperature ferromagnetic properties of CdS and CdTe thin films

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第6期26卷 389-394页

作者： Hafiz Tariq Masood zahir muhammad muhammad Habib 王东明王德亮 Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

The magnetic property in a material is induced by the unpaired electrons. This can occur due to defect states which can enhance the magnetic moment and the spin polarization. In this report, CdS and CdTe thin films are grown on FTO glass substrates by chemical bath deposition and close-spaced sublimation, respectively. The magnetic properties, which are introduced from oxygen states, are found in CdS and CdTe thin films. From the hysteresis loop of magnetic moment it is revealed that CdS and CdTe thin films have different kinds of magnetic moments at different temperatures. The M–H curves indicate that from 100 K to 350 K, CdS and CdTe thin films show paramagnetism and diamagnetism, respectively.A superparamagnetic or a weakly ferromagnetic response is found at 5 K. It is also observed from ZFC/FC curves that magnetic moments decrease with temperature increasing. Spin polarized density functional calculation for spin magnetic moment is also carried out.

关键词： CdS and CdTe thin films magnetic properties (VSM ZFC/FC) DFT

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Detached Electron Spectra from H- near a Partially Reflecting Spherical Surface

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第7期29卷 80-83页

作者： muhammad Haneef Saleh Mohammad Jehan Akbar Suneela Arif muhammad zahir Humayun Khan Department of Physics Hazara UniversityGarden CampusMansehraPakistan Department of Statistics University of PeshwarPakistan

The photodetachnent of a hydrogen negative ion (H-) near a partially reflecting surface with a spherical shape is investigated by a theoretical imaging *** expressions for the detached electron flux and total photodetachment cross section are *** is found that two parameters,*** radius Tc and reflection parameter K,control the photodetachment ***,these parameters can be used for the classification,identification and revelation of minor details like curvature of different types of surfaces.

关键词： curvature Electron details

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Foliar application of micronutrients enhances crop stand, yield and the biofortification essential for human health of different wheat cultivars

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第6期18卷 1369-1378页

作者： muhammad zahir Aziz muhammad Yaseen Tanveer Abbas muhammad Naveed Adnan Mustafa Yasir Hamid Qudsia Saeed XU Ming-gang Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China College of Environmental and Resources Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest Agriculture and Forestry UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China

Globally about half of the world’s population is under micronutrient malnutrition due to poor quality food *** overcome this problem,fortification and biofortification techniques are often *** is considered a better option than fortification due to the easy control of nutrient deficiencies present in daily *** field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of foliar application of a micronutrient mixture(MNM)consisting of zinc(Zn),iron(Fe),copper(Cu),manganese(Mn)and boron(B)on yield and flour quality of *** results show the effectiveness of foliar feeding for growth and yield parameters,in addition to the enriching of wheat grains with Zn,Cu,Fe,Mn and *** to the control without foliar feeding,foliar application on wheat crop increased tillering ability,spike length,grain yield and the contents of Zn,Cu,Mn,Fe and B by 21,47,22,22 and 25%in wheat flour,***,foliar feeding of micronutrients could be an effective approach to enrich wheat grains with essential nutrients for correcting malnutrition.

关键词： enrichment biofortification malnutrition micronutrients wheat flour

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The Effects of Spherical Surface and Laser Polarization on the Photodetachment Cross Section of H^-

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2013年第3期59卷 356-360页

作者： muhammad Haneef Suneela Arif Jehan Akbar Nasrullah Shah muhammad zahir Aneela Shamim Hameed Ullah Lab of Atom and Quantum Interference Department of PhysicsHazara UniversityGarden CampusMansehraPakistan Department of Chemistry Abdul Wali Khan UniversityMardanPakistan Department of Statistics University of PeshawarPakistan Department of Chemistry Hazara UniversityGarden CampusMansehraPakistan

We report the combined effects of laser polarization and curvature of the spherical surface on the detached electron spectra from H-. The Theoretical imaging method is used as a tool of investigation. The photodetachment cross sections for various polaxization angles, radii of curvatures and inter ion surface distances axe displayed. The analysis of the spectra reveals that the laser polarization angle θL, curvature of the surface τc and inter ion surface distance d strongly affect oscillations in the spectra. Therefore, a fine control on the laser polaxization and that of curvature in the surface can be used to control oscillations in the photodetachment of negative ions.

关键词： negative ions photodetachment spherical surface

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Electron doping induced semiconductor to metal transitions in ZrSe2 layers via copper atomic intercalation

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Nano Research 2018年第9期11卷 4914-4922页

作者： zahir muhammad Kejun Mu Haifeng Lv Chuanqiang Wu Zia ur Rehman muhammad Habib Zhe Sun Xiaojun Wu Li Song National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conservation Synergetic Innovation Centre of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and Department of Material Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

Atomic intercalation in two-dimensional （2D） layered materials can be used to engineer the electronic structure at the atomic scale and generate tuneable physical and chemical properties which are quite distinct in comparison with the pristine material. Among them, electron-doped engineering induced by intercalation is an efficient route to modulate electronic states in 2D layers. Herein, we demonstrate a semiconducting to metallic phase transition in zirconium diselenide （ZrSe2） single crystals via controllable incorporation of copper （Cu） atoms. Our angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy （ARPES） measurements and first-principles density functional theory （DFT） calculations dearly revealed the emergence of conduction band dispersion at the M/L point of the Brillouin zone due to Cu-induced electron doping in ZrSe2 interlayers. Moreover, electrical measurements in ZrSe2 revealed semiconducting behavior, while the Cu-intercalated ZrSe2 exhibited a linear current-voltage curve with metallic character. The atomic intercalation approach may have high potential for realizing transparent electron-doping systems for many specific 2D-based nanoelectronic applications.

关键词： layered materials phase transition angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy electron doping

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Spin valve effect of NiFe/graphene/NiFe junctions

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Nano Research 2013年第5期6卷 373-379,380页

作者： muhammad zahir Iqbal muhammad Waqas Iqbal Jae Hong Lee Yong Seung Kim Seung-Hyun Chun Jonghwa Eom Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute Sejong University Seou1143-747 Korea

When spins are injected through graphene layers from a transition metal ferromagnet, high spin polarization can be achieved. When detected by another ferromagnet, the spin-polarized current makes high- and low-resistance states in a ferromagnet/graphene/ferromagnet junction. Here, we report manifest spin valve effects from room temperature to 10 K in junctions comprising NiFe electrodes and an interlayer made of double-layer or single-layer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition. We have found that the spin valve effect is stronger with double-layer graphene than with single-layer graphene. The ratio of relative magnetoresistance increases from 0.09% at room temperature to 0.14% at 10 K for single-layer graphene and from 0.27% at room temperature to 0.48% at 10 K for double-layer graphene. The spin valve effect is perceived to retain the spin-polarized transport in the vertical direction and the hysteretic nature of magnetoresistance provides the basic functionality of a memory device. We have also found that the junction resistance decreases monotonically as temperature is lowered and the current-voltage characteristics show linear behaviour. These results revealed that a graphene interlayer works not as a tunnel barrier but rather as a conducting thin film between two NiFe electrodes.

关键词： graphene spin valve magnetic junction magnetoresistance spintronics

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Reservoir Quality Assessment of the Upper Permian Chhidru Formation, Salt and Surghar Ranges, Pakistan

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第6期95卷 2120-2137页

作者： muhammad zahir muhammad AWAIS Mukhtiar GHANI Mohibullah MOHIBULLAH Osman SALAD HERSI Irfan U.JAN Sajjad AHMAD Hamid IQBAL Centre of Excellence in Mineralogy University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Geology University of SwabiAnbarKhyber Pakhtunkhwa 23561Pakistan Geological Survey of Pakistan HQQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Geology University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan University of Regina Geology 3737 Wascana Parkway ReginaSaskatchewan S4S0A2Canada National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of PeshawarPeshawar 25000Pakistan Department of Geology University of PeshawarPeshawar 25000Pakistan Oil and Gas Development Company Islamabad 44800Pakistan

The Late Permian succession of the Upper Indus Basin in northeastern Pakistan is represented by the carbonatedominated Zaluch Group, which consists of the Amb, Wargal and Chhidru formations, which accumulated on the southwestern shelf of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, north of the hydrocarbon-producing Permian strata of the Arabian Peninsula. The reservoir properties of the mixed clastic-carbonate Chhidru Formation(CFm) are evaluated based on petrography, using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(EDX) and x-ray diffraction(XRD) techniques. The diagenetic features are recognized, ranging from marine(isopachous fibrous calcite, micrite), through meteoric(blocky calcite-I, neomorphism and dissolution) to burial(poikilotopic cement, blocky calcite-II-III, fractures, fracture-filling, and stylolites). Major porosity types include fracture and moldic, while inter-and intra-particle porosities also exist. Observed visual porosity ranges from 1.5%–7.14% with an average of 5.15%. The sandstone facies(CMF-4) has the highest average porosity of 10.7%, whereas the siliciclastic grainstone microfacies(CMF-3) shows an average porosity of 5.3%. The siliciclastic mudstone microfacies(CMF-1) and siliciclastic wacke-packestone microfacies(CMF-2) show the lowest porosities of 4.8% and 5.0%, respectively. Diagenetic processes like cementation, neomorphism, stylolitization and compaction have reduced the primary porosities;however, processes of dissolution and fracturing have produced secondary porosity. On average, the CFm in the Nammal Gorge, Salt Range shows promise and at Gula Khel Gorge, Trans-Indus, the lowest porosity.

关键词： sedimentary petrography diagenesis hydrocarbon reservoir Changhsingian Chhidru Formation Salt Range Surghar Range Pakistan

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Prospects and challenges of graphene based fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第12期28卷 217-234页

作者： muhammad zahir Iqbal Assad-Ur Rehman Saman Siddique Nanotechnology Research Laboratory Faculty of Engineering Sciences GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology

Novel characteristics of graphene have captured great attention of researchers for energy technology *** of graphene related hybrid and composite materials have demonstrated high performance and durability for fuel cell energy conversion *** article overviews graphene based materials for fuel cell technology applications such as electrodes additives,bipolar plates and proton conducting electrolyte *** graphene dispersion over electrodes has revealed enhanced exposure of electrochemically active surface area for improved electro-catalytic activity towards fuel oxidation and oxidant reduction *** issue of device stack durability and degraded performance due to corrosion of bipolar plates is discussed by incorporating graphene based *** proton exchange membrane devices,graphene as an electrolyte has shown an excellent performance towards high ionic conductivity and power *** graphene incorporation in fuel cell devices has exhibited commendable performance and has bright future for commercial applications.

关键词： Graphene Fuel cell Electro-catalyst Power density Durability

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Active {010} facet-exposed Cu2MoS4 nanotube as high-efficiency photocatalyst

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Nano Research 2017年第11期10卷 3817-3825页

作者： Ke Zhang Yunxiang Lin zahir muhammad Chuanqiang Wu Shuang Yang Qun He Xusheng Zheng Shuangming Chen Binghui Ge Li Song National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230029 China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Mater Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Rational design and facet-engineering of nanocrystal is an effective strategy to optimize the catalytic performance of abundant and economic semiconductorbased *** this study,we demonstrate a novel ternary Cu2MoS4 nanotube with the {010} facet exposed,synthesized via a hydrothermal *** with two-dimensional Cu2MoS4 nanosheet with the {001} facet exposed,this one-dimensional nanotube exhibits highly enhanced performance of photodegradation and water *** theoretical calculations and experimental results suggest that the conduction band minimum （CBM） of the {010} facet crystal shows lower potential than that of the {001} *** particular,the up-shifted CBM in Cu2MoS4 nanotube is significantly beneficial for the absorption of dye molecules and reduction of H＋ to *** results may open a new route for realizing high-efficiency photocatalysts based on Cu2MX4 by facet engineering.

关键词： nanotube facet control photodegradation watersplitting theoretical calculations

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