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Metabolic puzzle: Exploring liver fibrosis differences in Asian metabolic-associated fatty liver disease subtypes

World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第1期16卷 54-64页

作者： Sabhita Shabir Shaikh Fakhar Ali Qazi-Arisar Saba Nafay Sidra Zaheer Hafeezullah Shaikh zahid azam National Institute of Liver and GI Diseases Dow University of Health SciencesSindhKarachi 75330Pakistan School of Public Health Dow University of Health SciencesSindhKarachi 75330Pakistan

BACKGROUND Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a liver condition marked by excessive fat buildup in the absence of heavy alcohol *** is primarily linked with metabolic issues like insulin resistance,obesity,and abnormal lipid levels,and is often observed with other conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular ***,whether the subtypes of MAFLD based on the metabolic disorder differentially impact liver fibrosis is not well explicated,especially in the Asian *** To compare the severity of liver fibrosis among different MAFLD *** A total of 322 adult patients of either gender with fatty liver on ultrasound were enrolled between January to December *** was defined as per the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver ***-4 index(Fib-4)and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score(NFS)were employed to evaluate liver *** The mean age was 44.84±11 ***-two percent of the patients were *** hundred and seventy-three patients were classified as having MAFLD,of which 110(40.3%)carried a single,129(47.3%)had two,and 34(12.5%)had all three metabolic *** cumulative number of metabolic conditions was related to elevated body mass index,triglyceride(TG)levels,and glycated hemoglobin,lower high-density lipoprotein(HDL)levels,higher liver inflammation(by aspartate aminotransferase andγ-glutamyl transferase),and higher likelihood of fibrosis(by NFS and Fib-4 scores)(P<0.05 for all).The proportion of advanced fibrosis also increased with an increase in the number of metabolic conditions(4.1%,25.5%,35.6%,and 44.1%by NFS and 6.1%,10.9%,17%,and 26.5%by Fib-4 for no MAFLD and MAFLD with 1,2,and 3 conditions,respectively).Among MAFLD patients,those with diabetes alone were the eldest and had the highest mean value of NFS score and Fib-4 score(P<0.05),while MAFLD patients diagnosed with lean metabolic dysfunction exhibited the highest levels of TG and a

关键词： Metabolic syndrome Diabetes Fatty liver disease Dyslipidemia Obesity

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Early-Stage Cervical Cancerous Cell Detection from Cervix Images Using YOLOv5

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 3727-3741页

作者： Md zahid Hasan Ontor Md Mamun Ali Kawsar Ahmed Francis M.Bui Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani S.M.Hasan Mahmud Sami azam Department of Software Engineering(SWE) Daffodil International University(DIU)SukrabadDhaka1207Bangladesh Group of Biophotomatiχ Department of Information and Communication TechnologyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversitySantoshTangail1902Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Saskatchewan57 Campus DriveSaskatoonS7N5A9SKCanada Computer Engineering Department Umm Al-Qura UniversityMecca24381Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science American International University-Bangladesh(AIUB)KuratoliDhaka1229Bangladesh College of Engineering IT and EnvironmentCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarina0909NTAustralia

Cervical Cancer(CC)is a rapidly growing disease among women throughout the world,especially in developed and developing *** this many women have ***,it is curable if it can be diagnosed and detected at an early stage and taken proper *** the high cost,awareness,highly equipped diagnosis environment,and availability of screening tests is a major barrier to participating in screening or clinical test diagnoses to detect CC at an early *** solve this issue,the study focuses on building a deep learning-based automated system to diagnose CC in the early stage using cervix cell *** system is designed using the YOLOv5(You Only Look Once Version 5)model,which is a deep learning *** build the model,cervical cancer pap-smear test image datasets were collected from an open-source repository and these were labeled and *** the YOLOv5 models were applied to the labeled dataset to train the *** versions of the YOLOv5 model were applied in this study to find the best fit model for building the automated system to diagnose CC at an early *** of the model’s variations performed *** model can effectively detect cervical cancerous cell,according to the findings of the *** the medical field,our study will be quite *** can be a good option for radiologists and help them make the best selections possible.

关键词： Cervical cancer pap-smear deep learning cancerous cell YOLOv5 model

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Association of Obesity with Infertility among Pakistani Men: A Case Control Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2015年第3期5卷 204-215页

作者： Nida zahid Sarah Saleem Iqbal azam Tariq Moatter Department of Community Health Sciences Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan Department of Pathology Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan

Background: The reported prevalence of infertility in Pakistan is 21% of which 35% is contributed by male factor. Male infertility has multifactorial etiologies ranging from modifiable to genetic risk factors. Among all the risk factors that may account for male infertility, obesity is one of the emerging public health problems. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the association of obesity with infertility in Pakistani men. Methods: We conducted a case control study. Cases were men with impaired semen parameters and controls did not have impaired semen parameters. Results: The final multivariable logistic regression model after adjusting for the effect of other variables revealed that with every 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI the odds of being infertile was 6% higher as compared to being fertile (aOR = 1.06;95% CI = 1.01, 1.11). Moreover the odds of having education of higher secondary or above was 3 times greater among cases as compared with the controls (OR = 3.10;95% CI = 1.66, 5.77). Furthermore the odds of having previous medical conditions increasing the risk of infertility was higher among cases as compared with the controls (OR = 3.07;95% CI = 1.63, 5.79). Conclusion & recommendations: This study indicates that obesity is an important risk factor for male infertility. Moreover our findings also indicate that higher educational status and previous medical conditions are also associated with male infertility. Thus awareness can be raised through treating physicians and public health messages.

关键词： Male Infertility Obesity

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Investigation of E-H mode transition in magnetic-pole-enhanced inductively coupled neon-argon mixture plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第6期22卷 110-119页

作者： zahid Iqbal KHATTAK Abdul Waheed KHAN Faiq JAN Muhammad SHAFIQ Department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University45320 IslamabadPakistan Department of Physics Gomal University29050 D.I.KhanPakistan Department of Physics Govt.Post Graduate College Nowshera24100 NowsheraPakistan 不详

In this paper,E-H mode transition in magnetic-pole-enhanced inductively coupled neon-argon mixture plasma is investigated in terms of fundamental plasma parameters as a function of argon fraction(0%-100%),operating pressure(1 Pa,5 Pa,10 Pa and 50 Pa),and radio frequency(RF)power(5-100 W).An RF compensated Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy are used for the diagnostics of the plasma under *** to the lower ionization potential and higher collision cross-section of argon,when its fraction in the discharge is increased,the mode transition occurs at lower RF power;*** 0%argon and1 Pa pressure,the threshold power of the E-H mode transition is 65 W,which reduces to 20 W when the argon fraction is *** electron density increases with the argon fraction at afixed pressure,whereas the temperature decreases with the argon *** relaxation length of the low-energy electrons increases,and decreases for high-energy electrons with argon fraction,due to the Ramseur ***,the relaxation length of both groups of electrons decreases with pressure due to reduction in the mean free *** electron energy probability function(EEPF)profiles are non-Maxwellian in E-mode,attributable to the nonlocal electron kinetics in this mode;however,they evolve to Maxwellian distribution when the discharge transforms to H-mode due to lower electron temperature and higher electron density in *** tail of the measured EEPFs is found to deplete in both E-and H-modes when the argon fraction in the discharge is increased,because argon has a much lower excitation potential(11.5 eV)than neon(16.6 eV).

关键词： Ne-Ar MaPE-ICP Langmuir probe OES electron temperature electron density mode transition

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Association of Depression and Life Satisfaction with Low Resilience among Married Women of Karachi, Pakistan

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2015年第4期5卷 251-259页

作者： Shireen Shehzad Bhamani Nida zahid Iqbal azam Nargis Asad Rozina Karmaliani Omrana Pasha School of Nursing and Midwifery Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan Department of Community Health Sciences Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan Department of Psychiatry Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan

Background: The concept of resilience is very crucial in promoting positive psychological well-being. However, this construct was never looked among married women of Karachi, Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and the associated risk factors of resilience in Pakistan. Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey, using the Wagnild Resilience Scale (RS) to assess resilience, Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) for measuring depression and Trait Wellbeing Inventory for determining Life Satisfaction. Systematic sampling was employed to enroll 636 participants of aged 20 to 40 years living in two urban squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan. Prevalence ratio was computed with their 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 636 married women participated in the study. The average age of females with low resilience was 29.8 (5.7) whereas the mean age of females with high resilience was 31.1 (5.7). Around 90% of all the participants could speak in Urdu. The prevalence of low resilience among women was 21.9%. Moreover, the prevalence of depression among low resilience group was 43.9% whereas the mean life satisfaction score among females with low resilience was lower than females with high resilience. The females who had low resilience were younger and had no formal/informal education as compared to their counterparts. After controlling for other variables, the prevalence of low resilience was 1.78 times more among depressed females as compared to the non-depressed with a 95% CI: (1.27-2.51). Moreover with every one unit increase in the life satisfaction scores, the prevalence of low resilience decreased 9%. Furthermore, age and informal schooling were also found to be significantly associated with resilience. Conclusion: Depression and life satisfaction are the potential modifiable risk factors for resilience and hence we can improve resilience through interventions that may focus on reducing depression and improving satisfaction towards lif

关键词： Resilience Depression Life Satisfaction Married Women Pakistan

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Floristic composition and ecological gradient analyses of the Liakot Forests in the Kalam region of District Swat,Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第4期30卷 1407-1416页

作者： Sohail Anwar Shujaul Mulk Khan Zeeshan Ahmad zahid Ullah Majid Iqbal Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Centre for Plant Science and Biodiversity University of SwatSwat 19130Pakistan

Kalam Kohistan is a dry,temperate hilly region in the Hindu Raj Series of the Greater Hindu Kush Mountains with diverse *** plant distribution and composition is expression of a range of various environmental variables,ecological and floristic attributes of vegetation in the Laikot Forests were therefore evaluated via consecutive explorative *** forests have not been evaluated ecologically before due to harsh climatic conditions and issues of accessibility and the study in hand is one of the first in its *** ecological techniques were used to sample forest vegetation and identify species in quadrats of 2 m×2 m for herbs,5 m×5 m for shrubs and 10 m×10 m for *** the data of 195 plant species and environmental factors were analyzed via Two-way Cluster Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis using PCORD and CANOCO *** 195 plant species from 63 families were 27 species of Asteraceae,the most-speciose family,followed by Poaceae(20 spp.).The dominant life form was therophyte(86 spp.;44%share),followed by phanerophyte(41 spp.;21%share).For the leaf size spectrum,most prevalent was nanophyll(73 spp.;44%)followed by microphyll(66 spp.,34%)and mesophyll(44 spp.;23%).Calcium carbonate,pH,potassium,sand,silt,organic matter,slope aspect and grazing significantly influenced species composition,distribution and *** floristic variation in the region was diverse due to elevational and aspect gradients and thus devided into three *** vegetation zonation can be utilized for forest management,species and habitat *** in situ and ex situ conservation of threatened plant species may improve their conservation status in future if address properly.

关键词： Floristic composition Ecological factors Life form spectra Leaf form classes Elevation zones Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)

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Velocity and Structural Modeling of Mesozoic Chiltan Limestone and Goru Formation for Hydrocarbon Evaluation in the Bitrisim Area, Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第1期90卷 258-275页

作者： Sarfraz KHAN zahid LATIF Muhammad HANIF Irfan U. JAN Shahid IQBAL National Centre of Excellence in Geology(NCEG) University of PeshawarPakistan Earth Sciences Department Quaid-e-Azam University(QAU)IslamabadPakistan

The present study focuses on building a workflow for structural interpretation and velocity modeling and implementing to Jurassic-Cretaceous succession （Chiltan Limestone and Massive sand of the Lower Goru Formation）. 2D-Migrated seismic sections of the area are used as data set and in order to confirm the presence of hydrocarbons in the study area, P and S-wave seismic velocities are estimated from single-component seismic data. Some specific issues in the use of seismic data for modeling and hydrocarbon evaluation need to deal with including distinguishing the reservoir and cap rocks, and the effects of faults, folds and presence of hydrocarbons on these rocks. This study has carried out the structural interpretation and modeling of the seismic data for the identification of traps. The results demonstrate existence of appropriate structural traps in the form of horst and grabens in the area. 2D and 3D velocity modeling of the horizons indicates the presence of high velocity zones in the eastern half of the study while relatively low velocity zones are encountered in the western half of the area. Two wells were drilled in the study area （i.e. Fateh-01 and Ichhri-01） and both are dry. Immature hydrocarbons migration is considered as a failure reason for Fateh-01 and Ichhri-01 well.

关键词： 2D and 3D Time-Depth models velocity modeling structural modeling Chiltan limestone Goru Formation

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Microwaves spark emission spectroscopy for the analysis of cations:A simple form of atomic emission spectroscopy

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2011年第9期22卷 1084-1086页

作者： zahid Hussain Khalid Mohammed Khan Khadim Hussain Sadam Hussain Shahnaz Perveen Department of Chemistry Abdul Wali Khan UniversityMardanPakistan H.E.J.Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Department of Chemistry Hazara UniversityMansehraPakistan Department of Electronics Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan PCSIR Laboratories Complex Shahrah-e-Dr.Salimuzzaman SiddiquiKarachi 75280Pakistan

A novel method for the cation analysis was investigated. The analysis is based on the sparking of the salts of metals in a microwave oven after placing in a graphite cell. The graphite cell absorbs microwaves and produces high temperature which converts the salt into light emitting species. The colour of light was found to dependent on the nature of cation, however, the intensity of the emitted light was found to be depending upon the form and shape of the graphite assembly in addition to the concentration of the salt. This communication presents explanation for all these observations and for the systematic and quantitative analysis using microwave spark emission technique.

关键词： Microwave spark Cation analysis Spark colour Graphite cell Atomic emission

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Amylose contents of cereals; influence of household processing on the amylose contents of these foods

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2009年第6期3卷 1-5,12页

作者： Nizakat Bibi zahid Mehmood Aurang Zeb Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture Tarnab Peshawar 25000 Pakistan

Amylose is a food starch found in cereals, legumes and root vegetables. Keeping in view the importance of amylose for various food industries as well as its importance on domestic level, the current study was conducted to analyze the amylose content of common cereals e. g rice （sela, coarse and basmati）, maize yellow, Kisan and azam varieties and wheat （Tatara, Fakhr-e-sarhad and Bakhtawar-92） varieties as well as quantifying the influence of cooking/boiling procedures on the amylose contents of cereals. The maximum amylose content were observed for wheat variety Tatara （24.28%） followed by Bakhtawar-92 （22.74%） and Fakhr-e-sarhad （19.77%）. Among maize and rice varieties studied, Kisan and course rice were rich in amylose content with values of 27.19 and 30.48% respectively. The chapti of Tatra wheat were scored highest for appearance （7.6）, flavor （7.5）, texture （7.6） and overall acceptability （7.55）. The roti of Kisan and azam varieties got maximum appearance score of 7.6 as compared to 7.4 for maize yellow variety. Basmati rice was scored highest regarding appearance （8.4）, flavor （8.6）, texture （8.6） and overall acceptability （8.53. The moisture content ranged from 10.61 （azam） to 8.01% （wheat variety Fakhr-e-sarhad）. Cooking reduced the amylose content of wheat bread from （19.77%-24.28%） to （15.47%-15.94%） with cooking time of 5 min, maize bread from （21.48%-27.19%） to （19.53 %-25.85%） with maximum cooking time of 10 min and boiled rice from （24.90%-30.48%） to （24.18%-30.19%） with cooking time ranging from 12 to 20 min. It can be inferred from these studies that the reduction in amylose content were more in chapti/roti preparation of wheat and maize varieties as compared to boiling of rice varieties and that significant varietals differences exist in amylose content of the uncooked samples.

关键词： wheat maize rice amylose cooking sensory evaluation

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Environmental Impacts of Quaid-e-azam Industrial Estate on Neighboring Residential Area in Lahore, Pakistan

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2011年第3期3卷 182-185页

作者： Saadia Hina Maida zahid Iftikhar H. Baloch Tariq Sultan Pasha 不详

Industries have contributed for human development by improving human life styles, increasing human life expectancy rate, providing more and more jobs. Still industrialization has many negative impacts on the environment and especially on human health. This investigation was carried out to probe the impacts of Quaid-e-azam Industrial Estate on Township area, Lahore. During this investigation wastewater monitoring and ambient air monitoring had been done. Samples from main industrial drain were collected for wastewater analysis and seventeen parameters including pH, temperature, color, odor, turbidity, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chlorides, oil/grease, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3 - N2), iron, sulfate, nickel and chromium were investigated. Among them pH, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia-nitrogen were found exceeding the NEQS limits. The ambient air samples were also collected and five parameters of ambient air including particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and noise were monitored. Among them only particulate matter was exceeding the WHO guidelines. Although there were few parameters like pH, TSS, BOD, COD and NH3 - N2 of water and PM10 of air, which do not lie within the national environmental quality standards (NEQS) limits but proper monitoring is needed to be done so that parameters may not cross their permissible limits in future. This problem must be taken into consideration by both the management of Quaid-e-azam Industrial Estate and Governmental agencies because it is the responsibility of state also to make the environment clean.

关键词： Industrial Estate Water Pollution Air Pollution National Environmental Quality Standards

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