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A study of groundwater irrigation water quality in south-central Bangladesh: a geo-statistical model approach using GIS and multivariate statistics

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第2期37卷 193-214页

作者： M.Atikul Islam Md.Mostafizur Rahman Md.Bodrud-Doza Md.Iftakharul Muhib Mashura Shammi anwar zahid Yeasmin Akter Masaaki Kurasaki Department of Chemistry Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Department of Environmental Sciences Jahangirnagar University Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University Department of Environmental Pollution and Process Control Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Groundwater Hydrology Bangladesh Water Development Board Department of Chemistry University of Chittagong

Southern Bangladesh＇s irrigation and drinking water is threatened by saline intrusion. This study aimed to establish an irrigation water quality index （IWQI） using a geostatistical model and multivariate indices in Gopalganj district, south-central Bangladesh. Groundwater samples were taken randomly （different depths） in two seasons （wet-monsoon and dry-monsoon）. Hydrochemical analysis revealed groundwater in this area was neutral to slightly alkaline and dominating cations were Na^＋, Mg^2＋, and Ca^2＋ along with major anions Cl^- and HCO3^-. Principal component analysis and Gibbs plot helped explain possible geochemical processes in the aquifer. The irrigation water evaluation indices showed： electrical conductivity （EC）〉750 μS/cm, moderate to extreme saline; sodium adsorption ratio （SAR）, excellent to doubtful; total hardness （TH）, moderate to very hard; residual sodium bicarbonate, safe to marginal; Kelly＇s ratio 〉1; soluble sodium percentage （SSP）, fair to poor; magnesium adsorption ratio, harmful for soil; and IWQI, moderate to suitable. In addition, the best fitted semivariogram for IWQI, EC, SAR, SSP, and TH confirmed that most parameters had strong spatial dependence and others had moderate to weak spatial dependence. This variation might be due to the different origin/sources of major contributing ions along with the influence of variable river flow and small anthropogenic contributions. Furthermore, the spatial distribution maps for IWQI, EC, SSP, and TH during both seasons confirmed the influence of salinity from the sea; low-flow in the major river system was the driving factor of overall groundwater quality in the study area. These findings may contribute to management of irrigation and/or drinking water in regions with similar groundwater problems.

关键词： Semivariogram Ordinary kriging model Salinity Irrigation water quality index GIS Hydrochemistry

Characterization of Exo 1, 4-βglucanase produced from Tricoderma ViridiMBL through solid-state bio-processing of orange peel waste

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第5期3卷 580-584页

作者： Muhammad Irshad zahid anwar Amber Afroz Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gujrat Pakistan Department of Biochemistry NSMC University of Gujrat Pakistan Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

Agro-industrial residues are primarily composed of complex polysaccharides that strengthen the microbial growth for the production of industrially important enzymes like cellulases. In the present study we aimed to characterize the Exo 1, 4-β glucanase that was indigenously produced from Trichoderma viride MBL. T. viride MBL was cultured in the Solid-State medium of orange peel (50% w/w moisture) under optimized fermentation conditions and maximum activity of 412 ± 12 U/mL was recorded after 4th day of incubation at pH 5.5 and 30℃. Exo 1, 4-β glucanase was 4.17-fold purified with specific activity of 642 U/mg in comparison to the crude extract. To confirm its purity and molecular weight, sodium dodecyl sulphate poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS- PAGE) was performed. The enzyme was shown to have a molecular weight of 60 kDa with an optimum pH and temperature of 5 and 50℃, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk reciprocal plot revealed that the kinetic constants Km and Vmax of purified Exo 1, 4-β glucanase were 76 μM and 240 U/mL.

关键词： Orange Peel Waste Exo 1 4-β Glucanase T. Viride MBL Purification SDS-PAGE

Cellulase Production from Species of Fungi and Bacteria from Agricultural Wastes and Its Utilization in Industry: A Review

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2016年第2期4卷 44-55页

作者： Muhammad Imran zahid anwar Muhammad Irshad Muhammad Javaid Asad Hassan Ashfaq Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan Institute of Continuing Education & Extension University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan

In energy deficient world, cellulases play a major role for the production of alternative energy resources utilizing lignocellulosic waste materials for bioethanol and biogas production. This study highlights fungal and bacterial strains for the production of cellulases and its industrial applications. Solid State Fermentation (SSF) is more suitable process for cellulase production as compared to submerge fermentation techniques. Fungal cellulosomes system for the production of cellulases is more desirable and resistant to harsh environmental conditions. Trichoderma species are considered as most suitable candidate for cellulase production and utilization in industry as compared to Aspergillus and Humicola species. However, genetically modified strains of Aspergillus have capability to produce cellulase in relatively higher amount. Bacterial cellulase are more resistant to alkaline and thermophile conditions and good candidate in laundries. Cellulases are used in variety of industries such as textile, detergents and laundries, food industry, paper and pulp industry and biofuel production. Thermally stable modified strains of fungi and bacteria are good future prospect for cellulase production.

关键词： Cellulase Bacteria Lignocellulosic Wastes Trichoderma Solid State Fermentation

Screening and Statistical Optimization of Physiochemical Parameters for the Production of Xylanases from Agro-Industrial Wastes

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2016年第1期4卷 20-33页

作者： Mirza Baasit Ali Muhammad Irshad zahid anwar Mudassar Zafar Muhammad Imran Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan

Xylanases are mostly produced through submerged fermentation;nonetheless solid-state fermentation has increased profound attention and consideration of scholars having high conversion level biomass to energy conservation. This study depicted the purification of xylanases and their possible utilization in industry. The present study was carried out to examine the culture influence of fungal strain Fomes fomentarius (F. fomentarius) using different agro-industrial residues (wheat straw, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse and siris pods). F. fomentarius showed maximum enzyme production after 72 h of fermentation, when grown on wheat straw in solid state fermentation process while maximum activity showed on pH 6.0 at 30°C. The other parameters optimized by statistical design (RSM) showed maximum xylanase activity (146 ± 8 IU/mL) at 65% moisture content, 4 mL inoculums size, 175 mg Ammonium sulphate, 200 mg Calcium carbonate and 1.4 grams of glucose. Xylanase was salted out at 60% ammonium sulphate concentration and enzyme was further purified by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography with 2.2 fold increase in activity. The purified xylanase from F. fomentarius had optimum pH 6.0 and 40°C. Xylanase showed higher specificity for oat spelt xylan with kinetic constants Km 1.25 mg/mL and Vmax 54 mM/min. Xylanases have an industrial important enzyme used extensively in food, feed and paper industry.

关键词： Xylanases Wheat Straw Enzyme Kinetics F. fomentarius Siris Pods

Hydrogeochemical evaluation and statistical analysis of groundwater of Sylhet, north-eastern Bangladesh

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第3期38卷 440-455页

作者： Nasir Ahmed Md.Bodrud-Doza S.M.Didar-Ul Islam Manzoor Ahmad Choudhry Md.Iftakharul Muhib anwar zahid Shahadat Hossain Md.Moniruzzaman Nipa Deb Md.Abdul Quaiyum Bhuiyan Isotope Hydrology Division Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Atomic Energy Research Establishment Department of Environmental Sciences Jahangirnagar University Isotope Hydrology Section Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications International Atomic Energy Agency Groundwater Hydrology Bangladesh Water Development Board

To investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater 23 shallow, 30 intermediate and 38 deep wells samples were collected from Sylhet district of Bangladesh, and analyzed for temperature, pH, Eh, EC,DO, DOC, Na^+, K^+, Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+), Cl^-, SO_4^(2-), NO_3^-,HCO_3^-, SiO_2^-, Fe, Mn and As. Besides, 12 surface water samples from Surma and Kushiyara Rivers were also collected and analyzed to understand the influence into aquifers. Results revealed that, most of the groundwater samples are acidic in nature, and Na–HCO_3 is the dominant groundwater type. The mean value of temperature, EC,Na^+, K^+, Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+), Cl^-, NO_3^- and SO_4^(2-) were found within the range of permissible limits, while most of the samples exceeds the allowable limits of Fe, Mn and As concentrations. However, relatively higher concentration of Fe and Mn were found in deep water samples and reverse trend was found in case of As. The mean concentrations of As in shallow, intermediate and deep wells were 39.3, 25.3and 21.4 lg/L respectively, which varied from 0.03 to148 lg/L. From spatial distribution, it was found that Fe,Mn and As concentrations are high but patchy in northern,north-western, and south-western part of Sylhet region. The most influential geochemical process in study area were identified as silicate weathering, characterized by active cation exchange process and carbonate weathering, which thereby can enhance the elemental concentrations in groundwater. Pearson's correlation matrix, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were also employed to evaluate the controlling factors, and it was found that, both natural and anthropogenic sources were influencing the groundwater chemistry of the aquifers. However, surface water has no significant role to contaminate the aquifers,rather geogenic factors affecting the trace elemental contamination. Thus it is expected that, outcomes of this study will provide useful insights for future groundwater monitoring and

关键词： Arsenic Groundwater Hydrogeochemistry Multivariate statistics Spatial distribution

Characterization of purified β-glucosidase produced from Trichoderma viridethrough bio-processing of orange peel waste

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第10期4卷 941-944页

作者： Muhammad Irshad zahid anwar Muhammad Ramzan Zahed Mahmood Haq Nawaz Department of Biochemistry NSMC University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Institute of Animal Nutrition & Feed Technology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

In the present study, solid state fermentation was carried out using orange peel waste to produce β-glucosidase from Trichoderma viride. A locally isolated fungal strain T. viride was cultured in the solid state medium of orange peel (50% w/w moisture) under optimized fermentation conditions and maximum activity of 515 ± 12.4 U/mL was recorded after 4th day of incubation at pH 5.5 and 30℃. Indigenously produced β-glucosidase was subjected to the ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex-G-100 gel filtration chromatography. In comparison to the crude extract β-glucosidase was 5.1-fold purified with specific activity of 758 U/mg. The enzyme was shown to have a relative molecular weight of 62 kDa as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified β-glucosidase displayed 6 and 60℃ as an optimum pH and temperature respectively.

关键词： Orange Peel Waste β-Glucosidase T. viride Purification SDS-PAGE Characterization

池蝶蚌IκBα和c-Rel的结构特征及在LPS刺激下的表达分析

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水生生物学报 2023年第5期47卷 786-795页

作者：王小敏周叶马慧妹 zahid anwar 胡蓓娟彭扣洪一江南昌大学生命科学学院南昌330031 江西省水产动物资源与利用重点实验室南昌330031

为研究淡水贝类NF-κB/Rel信号通路中核因子κB(Nuclear factor-κappaB,NF-κB)和NF-κB抑制因子(Inhibitors of NF-κB,IκB)的功能,对池蝶蚌(Hyriopsis schlegelii)IκBα和c-Rel(以下简称HsIκBα和Hsc-Rel)的序列结构、表达特征及Hs IκBα和Hsc-Rel之间的相互关系进行了分析。结果表明,Hs IκBα的c DNA全长为1783 bp,其开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame,ORF)为1083 bp,编码360个氨基酸。Hsc-Rel的cDNA为2414 bp,ORF为2298 bp,编码765个氨基酸。通过构建HsIκBα-ORF-GST和Hsc-Rel-RHD-HIS重组质粒、原核诱导表达和纯化,进行GST-pull down,通过SDS-PAGE和Western Blot检测研究,发现HsIκBα和Hsc-Rel-RHD存在直接的相互作用。通过对池蝶蚌进行脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激后,分别在7个时间点(0、6h、12h、24h、36h、48h和72h)对10个组织中HsIκBα和Hsc-Rel的mRNA表达差异性进行分析,结果显示:HsIκBα和Hsc-Rel的mRNA在所有组织都有表达,且在肝胰腺组织表达最高,在血细胞表达最低。在6h时,HsIκBα在8个组织中和Hsc-Rel在7个组织中的表达水平都出现下调;在12h时,HsIκBα在10个组织中的表达量都上调,并且都达到了峰值。Hsc-Rel只有血细胞、心脏、肝胰腺和肠出现上调;在24h时,HsIκBα在10个组织中的表达值呈现下调,Hsc-Rel却都出现上调(肾组织除外),其中血细胞、斧足、肠的表达值达到峰值;在36—72h,HsIκBα和HscRel的部分组织的表达值逐渐恢复到基础水平,以上结果表明,HsIκBα和Hsc-Rel的表达量随着LPS的诱导而产生明显变化,说明其参与免疫应答反应,且可能存在应答LPS的NF-κB通路。

关键词： HsIκBα Hsc-Rel 克隆蛋白互作 LPS刺激池蝶蚌

Prevalence of viral HBV and HCV among different group patients in Gujrat Pakistan

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第4期3卷 423-436页

作者： Muhammad Irshad Muhammad Naem Raza zahid anwar Nadia Ikram Amber Afroz Hafiz Muhammad Nasir Iqbal Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gujrat Pakistan Department of Biochemistry NSMC University of Gujrat Pakistan Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

In this study we analyzed blood samples collected from 400 high risk patients for the prevalence of an inflammatory viral disease hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) with the help of standard kit assay and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All the samples were selected randomly from the various places of District Gujrat, Pakistan. All the selected cases were first divided into four groups according to the age and sex (Group 1, Male below age 35 years;Group 2, Male above age 35 years;Group 3, Female below age 35 years;Group 4, Female above age 35 years), each group was comprised of 100 individual patients and analyzed for different parameters for the presence of HBV and HCV in comparison with positive and negative controls. The prevalence of HBV and HCV was higher in groups 2 (22%) and 4 (39%) respectively. Assay profile revealed that the incidence of HCV was higher in female patients as compare to the male patients. The present study indicates that more than 60% of the cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the Region is attributable to hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

关键词： HBV HCV Liver Inflammation LFTs ELISA ALP Bilirubin

Advances in lignocellulosic biotechnology: A brief review on lignocellulosic biomass and cellulases

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 246-251页

作者： Tanzila Shahzadi Sajid Mehmood Muhammad Irshad zahid anwar Amber Afroz Nadia Zeeshan Umer Rashid Kalsoom Sughra Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan Department of Biochemistry Nawaz Sharif Medical College University of Gujrat Gujrat Pakistan

From the last few decades, there has been an increasing research interest in the value of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignoellulosic biomass is an inexpensive, renewable abundant and provides a unique natural resource for large-scale and cost-effective bio-energy collection. In addition, using lignocellulosic materials and other low-cost biomass can significantly reduce the cost of materials used for ethanol production. Therefore, in this background, the rapidly evolving tools of biotechnology can lower the conversion costs and also enhance a yield of target products. In this context, a biological processing presents a promising approach to converting lignocellulosic materials into energy-fuels. The present summarized review work begins with an overview on the physio-chemical features and composition of major agricultural biomass. The information is also given on the processing of agricultural biomass to produce industrially important enzymes, e.g., ligninases or cellulases. Cellulases provide a key opportunity for achieving tremendous benefits of biomass utilization.

关键词： Lignicellulosic Biomass Eco-Friendly Bio-Ethanol Industrial Enzyme