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Does carrier fluid reduce low flow drug infusion error from syringe size?

World Journal of clinical Pediatrics 2020年第2期9卷 17-28页

作者： zachary c madson Sitaram Vangala Grace T Sund James A Lin Pediatric Hospitalist Medicine Lutheran Children's HospitalFort WayneIN 46804United States Medicine Statistics core David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Nursing UCLA Mattel Children's HospitalLos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States

BAcKGROUND critically ill neonates and pediatric patients commonly require multiple low flow *** limitations are imposed by small body habitus and comorbidities like cardiopulmonary disease,renal failure,or fluid *** access is limited by diminutive *** fluids or parenteral nutrition in conjunction with actively titrated infusions such as insulin,fentanyl,prostaglandins,inotropes and vasopressors may necessitate simultaneous infusions using a single lumen to maintain vascular catheter *** requirement for multiple titratable infusions requires concentrated medications at low flows,rather than more dilute drugs at higher flows that in combination may volume overload small *** To determine whether carrier fluid reduces variability that variability of low flow drug infusions is proportional to syringe size in pediatric critical *** We assessed concentrations of orange“drug”in a 0.2 mL/h low flow clinical model with blue dyed carrier fluid at 5 mL/h,using 3-,10-,or 60-mL syringes.A graduated volumetric pipette was used to measure total *** time to target concentration was 30,21,and 46 min in 3-,10-,and 60-mL syringes,respectively(P=0.42).After achieving target concentration,more dilute drug was delivered by 60-mL(Pcompared to 3-mL *** overdoses were observed during the initial 45 min of infusion in 10-and 60-mL *** volumes infused after target concentration were less in the 60-mL condition compared to 3-mL(Pcts models demonstrated lesser delivered drug concentrations in the initial 30 min by 3-mL compared to 10-and 60-mL syringes(P=0.005 and Pctively)but greater drug concentrations and total infused drug in the subsequent 30-60 and 60-90 min intervals with the 3-and 10-mL compared to 60-mL *** With carrier fluid,larger syringes were associated with significantly

关键词： Infusion pumps Intensive care Neonatal Nursing research Patient safety Spectrophotometry Syringes

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Impact of cOVID-19-related lifestyle changes on diabetic macular edema

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 97-106页

作者： Bryce P.Johnson Yu-Guang He zachary M.Robertson Angeline Wang Rafael L.Ufret-Vincenty Department of Ophthalmology UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas 75390-9057USA

AIM:To assess diabetic macular edema(DME)progression during the early phases of the cOVID-19 pandemic,when severe societal restrictions raised the concern of possible deterioration of health in patients with systemic conditions,particularly those requiring frequent office ***:This is a multicenter retrospective chart review of 370 patients(724 eyes)with an established diagnosis of DME seen on 3 separate visits between January 2019 and July *** 1 was January 2019 to February 2020(considered pre-cOVID-19),period 2 was March 2020 to December 2020(considered the height of the pandemic;highest level of pandemic-related clinical and societal regulations)and period 3 was January 2021 to July 2021(re-adjustment to the new“pandemic norms”).Main outcome measures included visual acuity,body mass index(BMI),blood pressure(BP),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),macular thickness,patient adherence to scheduled ophthalmology visits,and DME treatment(s)received at each *** facilitate measurement of macular thickness,each macula was divided into 9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)-defined macular sectors as measured by OcT ***:There was no change of BMI,systolic BP,and diastolic BP between any of the time ***1c showed a very small increase from period 1(7.6%)to period 2(7.8%,P=0.015)and decreased back to 7.6%at period 3(P=0.12).Macular thickness decreased for 100%of macular *** central macular thickness decreased across all 3 periods from 329.5 to 316.6μm(P=0.0045).After analysis of multiple variables including HbA1c,BMI,adherence to scheduled appointments,different clinic centers,and treatment interventions,there was no easily identifiable subgroup of patients that experienced the increase in ***:DME doesn’t worsen during the cOVID-19 pandemic,instead sustaining a very small but statistically significant *** identifying a mechanism behind our findings is beyond the scope of this study,potential explanat

关键词： cOVID-19 diabetic macular edema diabetic retinopathy optical coherence tomography

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Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis in a Strong Acidic Environment Using cationic Surfactants

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Precision chemistry 2024年第4期2卷 129-137页

作者： zachary Adler Xiao Zhang Guangxia Feng Yaping Shi Peng Zhu Yang Xia Xiaonan Shan Haotian Wang Rice University Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringHoustonTexas 77005United States University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringHoustonTexas 77004United States

The two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e^(−)-ORR)can be exploited for green production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),but it still suffers from low selectivity in an acidic electrolyte when using non-noble metal ***,inspired by biology,we demonstrate a strategy that exploits the micellization of surfactant molecules to promote the H_(2)O_(2)selectivity of a low-cost carbon black catalyst in strong acid *** surfactants near the electrode surface increase the oxygen solubility and transportation,and they provide a shielding effect that displaces protons from the electric double layer(EDL).compared with the case of a pure acidic electrolyte,we find that,when a small number of surfactant molecules were added to the acid,the H_(2)O_(2)Faradaic efficiency(FE)was improved from 12%to 95%H_(2)O_(2)under 200 mA cm^(−2),suggesting an 8-fold *** in situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)and optical microscopy(OM)studies suggest that,while the added surfactant reduces the electrode’s hydrophobicity,its micelle formation could promote the O_(2) gas transport and its hydrophobic tail could displace local protons under applied negative potentials during catalysis,which are responsible for the improved H_(2)O_(2)selectivity in strong acids.

关键词： electrocatalysis hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis oxygen reduction reaction interfacial engineering surfactant cTAB

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comparison of trigeminal lateralization with differing stimulants

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 66-69页

作者： Tiffany chen Nicolas S.Poupore Michael c.Shih Thomas S.Edwards Shaun A.Nguyen zachary M.Soler Rodney J.Schlosser Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Trigeminal-specific stimulants have been shown to activate different receptors preferentially and this likely accounts for variation in sensory *** is unclear whether trigeminal sensitivity is similar across different transient receptor potential(TRP)receptors or if dysfunction of different receptors results in differing patient ***,a prospective cohort study was conducted,consisting of trigeminal lateralization testing with three different stimulants(eucalyptol,isothiocyanate,acetic acid),olfaction testing with Sniffin'Sticks,and measurement of various patient‐reported outcome measures(PROMs).A total of 50 participants were enrolled across the olfactory *** TDI score was 27.1±8.3(range 7.0–39.5)with 38%normosmic and 62%*** trigeminal lateralization scores out of 20 in the overall cohort were 16.18(2.78)for eucalyptol,14.94(3.49)for mustard oil,and 15.28(3.68)for *** showed a significant correlation with threshold scores of Sniffin'Sticks.A significant correlation was found between acetic acid and various *** of the lateralization scores of the trigeminal stimulants correlated to each other significantly and there was no correlation to *** lack of correlation suggests that the measured sensitivity of one type of TRP receptor may not translate to similar sensitivity of the other *** investigations with TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists are needed to corroborate our findings.

关键词： chemosensory olfaction trigeminal TRP receptor

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Fault Location Approach to Distribution Networks Based on custom State Estimator

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and clean Energy 2023年第6期11卷 1878-1889页

作者： Luis F.Ugarte madson c.de Almeida Luís H.T.Bandória IEEE Department of Systems and Energy State University of CampinasSão Paulo 13083-970Brazil

This paper presents a properly designed branchcurrent based state estimator(BcBSE)used as the main core ofan accurate fault location approach(FLA)devoted to distribution *** to the approaches available in the literature,it uses only a limited set of conventional measurementsobtained from smart meters to accurately locate faults at busesor branches without requiring measurements provided by phasor measurement units(PMUs).This is possible due to themethods used to model the angular reference and the faultedbus,in addition to the proper choice of the weights in the stateestimator(SE).The proposed approach is based on a searchingprocedure composed of up to three stages:①the identificationof the faulted zones;②the identification of the bus closest tothe fault;and③the location of the fault itself,searching onbranches connected to the bus closest to the ***,this paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the proposedapproach,even considering the presence of distributed generation,and a sensitivity study on the proper weights required bythe SE for fault location purposes,which can not be found inthe *** show that the proposed BcBSE-basedFLA is robust,accurate,and aligned with the requirements ofthe traditional and active distribution networks.

关键词： Active distribution network branch current based state estimator fault location smart meter

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The extended renin-angiotensin system: a promising target for traumatic brain injury therapeutics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1025-1026页

作者： zachary c.Janatpour Aviva J.Symes Department of Pharmacology Uniformed Services University

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a leading cause of death and disability *** assessments estimate that over 27 million cases of TBI occur annually,resulting in over 8 million years lived with disability(GBD 2016 Dementia collaborators,2019).Over 30 clinical trials have failed to show efficacy in TBI,and patients are currently left without any promising therapeutic options(Villapol et al.,2015).The pathophysiology of TBI is commonly divided into primary and secondary *** injury refers to the parenchymal damage that occurs as an immediate consequence of acute kinetic energy transfer to the brain(i.e.,membrane rupture,hemorrhage,axotomy,etc.).Secondary injury encompasses the deleterious molecular and cellular responses that occur in response to the primary injury in the minutes,hours or days *** search for therapeutics that mitigate the effects of the secondary injury and/or assist endogenous repair processes remains a large focus of TBI research(Umschweif et al.,2014;Villapol et al.,2015;Janatpour et al.,2019).

关键词： injuries endogenous injury

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Improving metal reflectors by suppressing surface plasmon polaritons: a priori calculation of the internal reflectance of a solar cell

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 32-37页

作者： zachary c Holman Stefaan De Wolf christophe Ballif Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne(EPFL)Institute of Microengineering(IMT)Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics LaboratoryCH-2000 NeuchaˆtelSwitzerland

Imperfect internal reflectance of near-bandgap light reduces the performance of all solar cells,and becomes increasingly detrimental as absorbers become *** consider light incident on the silicon/dielectric/metal structure at the back of rear-passivated crystalline silicon solar cells with surface textures that are large enough for geometric *** calculating the absorbance in the metal as a function of the angle of incidence,we discover three results that are important for understanding and improving rear reflectors in many types of solar ***,significant parasitic absorption occurs in the metal layer in two cases:s-and p-polarized propagating modes(near-normal angles of incidence)when the dielectric thickness is adjusted to cause destructive interference of the reflected beams,and p-polarized evanescent modes(angles of incidence above the semiconductor/dielectric critical angle)that excite surface plasmon polaritons at the metal ***,the latter loss dominates;a well-designed rear dielectric passivation layer must suppress the penetration of evanescent waves to the ***,when used as an input in a simple analytical model,the average rear internal reflectance calculated by assuming a Lambertian angular distribution of light accurately predicts the total reflectance and absorbance of a solar cell.

关键词： light trapping photovoltaics plasmon silicon solar cell

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A Strong Stability Preserving Analysis for Explicit Multistage Two-Derivative Time-Stepping Schemes Based on Taylor Series conditions

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communications on Applied Mathematics and computation 2019年第1期1卷 21-59页

作者： zachary Grant Sigal Gottlieb David c.Seal Department of computational and Applied Mathematics Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeUSA Department of Mathematics University of Massachusetts DartmouthDartmouthUSA Department of Mathematics U.S.Naval AcademyAnnapolisUSA

High-order strong stability preserving(SSP)time discretizations are often needed to ensure the nonlinear(and sometimes non-inner-product)strong stability properties of spatial discretizations specially designed for the solution of hyperbolic ***-derivative time-stepping methods have recently been increasingly used for evolving hyperbolic PDEs,and the strong stability properties of these methods are of *** our prior work we explored time discretizations that preserve the strong stability properties of spatial discretizations coupled with forward Euler and a second-derivative ***,many spatial discretizations do not satisfy strong stability properties when coupled with this second-derivative formulation,but rather with a more natural Taylor series *** this work we demonstrate sufficient conditions for an explicit two-derivative multistage method to preserve the strong stability properties of spatial discretizations in a forward Euler and Taylor series *** call these strong stability preserving Taylor series(SSP-TS)*** also prove that the maximal order of SSP-TS methods is p=6,and define an optimization procedure that allows us to find such SSP *** types of these methods are presented and their efficiency ***,these methods are tested on several PDEs to demonstrate the benefit of SSP-TS methods,the need for the SSP property,and the sharpness of the SSP time-step in many cases.

关键词： Strong stability preserving Taylor series.Hyperbolic conservation laws Two derivative Runge Kutta

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Exploration of unpredictable environments by networked groups

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current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 207-214页

作者： Takao SASAKI Marco A. JANSSEN zachary SHAFFER Stephen c. PRATT School of Life Sciences and center for Social Dynamics and complexity Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-4501 USA Department of Zoology University of Oxford OX1 3PS UK School of Sustainability and center for Behavior Institutions and the Environment Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-5502 USA

Information sharing is a critical task for group-living animals. The pattern of sharing can be modeled as a network whose structure can affect the decision-making performance of individual members as well as that of the group as a whole. A fully connected network, in which each member can directly transfer information to all other members, ensures rapid sharing of important information, such as a promising foraging location. However, it can also impose costs by amplifying the spread of inaccur- ate information （if, for example the foraging location is actually not profitable）. Thus, an optimal net- work structure should balance effective sharing of current knowledge with opportunities to discover new information. We used a computer simulation to measure how well groups characterized by dif- ferent network structures （fully connected, small world, lattice, and random） find and exploit resource peaks in a variable environment. We found that a fully connected network outperformed other struc- tures when resource quality was predictable. When resource quality showed random variation, however, the small world network was better than the fully connected one at avoiding extremely poor outcomes. These results suggest that animal groups may benefit by adjusting their informa- tion-sharing network structures depending on the noisiness of their environment.

关键词： agent-based model collective cognition conformity small world networks speed-accuracy trade-off.

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A photoswitchable organocatalyst controls trimethylene carbonate and δ-valerolactone copolymerization

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Science Bulletin 2018年第22期63卷 1460-1461页

作者： Madeline N.Riffel zachary c.Hern Paula L.Diaconescu Department of chemistry and Biochemistry University of California

Switchable catalysts can be reversibly altered to produce two (or more)states displaying orthogonal *** use of compounds containing a "switchable"unit in ring opening polymerization (ROP)of cyclic esters and ethers has been an attractive area of research due to the biosourced and biodegradable nature of the polymers produced and enhanced control of the polymer structure. Such systems for ROP have been reported using various stimuli such as temperature [1],redox [2-6] or chemical reagents [7,8], electrodes [9],and,recently,light [10].

关键词：催化剂状态

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