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Binary pore structure characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs

Petroleum Exploration and Development 2019年第6期46卷 1297-1306页

作者： ZHU Haihua ZHANG Tingshan zhong dakang LI Yaoyu ZHANG Jingxuan CHEN Xiaohui Stake Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu 610500China School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China School of Earth Science China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China RMIT University MelbourneVIC 3000Australia

The pore structure and its influence on physical properties and oil saturation of the Triassic Chang 7 sandstones,Ordos Basin were discussed using thin sections,physical properties,oil saturation and mercury intrusion data.The results show that the tight sandstone has a binary pore structure:when the pore throat radius is larger than the peak radius,the pore radius is significantly larger than throat size,the pore structure is similar to the bead-string model with no fractal feature,and the pore throat volume is determined by the pore volume.When the pore throat radius is smaller than the peak radius,the pore structure is close to the capillary model and shows fractal features,the pore size is close to the throat size,and the pore throat volume is determined by the throat radius.The development of pore throats larger than the peak radius provides most of the oil storage space and is the major controlling factor for the porosity and permeability variation of tight sandstone.The pore throat smaller than the peak radius(including throats with no mercury invaded)contributes major reservoir space,it shows limited variation and has little effect on the change of physical properties which is lack of correlation with oil saturation.The pore throat larger than the peak radius is mainly composed of secondary and intergranular pores.Therefore genesis and main controlling factors of large pores such as intergranular and dissolved pores should be emphasized when predicting the tight sandstones quality.

关键词： tight sandstone pore structure reservoir fractal Triassic Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin

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Variation and mechanisms of clastic reservoir quality in the Paleogene Shahejie Formation of the Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China

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Petroleum Science 2014年第2期11卷 200-210页

作者： Zhang Qin Zhu Xiaomin Ronald J Steel zhong dakang College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at Austin

Reservoir quality varies greatly in the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Sag. It is essential to analyze the variation and mechanisms of reservoir quality for determining the controlling factors based on cores, porosity measurements and fluid inclusion techniques and so on. The sandstones in the fluvial, （fan） delta-front have the best reservoir quality due to the depositional conditions mechanically controlling the petrology configuration and the primary porosity, and chemically influencing the diagenesis and development of secondary pores. The activity of the boundary faults and the sedimentary facies dominate the variation of reservoir quality in different areas and intervals. The reservoir quality varies with the position of sandstone beds in different vertical models of sandstone and mudstone. This mainly arose from the strong cementation or strong dissolution in the sandstone caused by the diagenesis evolution of adjacent mudstone. With higher oil saturation reservoir quality is better because the hydrocarbon charge favors dissolution and restricts cementation. Diagenesis, depositional conditions and tectonic setting are the key controls of reservoir quality in the Shahejie Formation of the Dongying Sag.

关键词： Reservoir quality variation clastic reservoir quality hydrocarbon charge vertical models ofsandstone and mudstone controlling factor

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Genetic mechanism and prediction of Paleozoic clastic eureservoirs in platform of Tarim Basin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第S1期47卷 28-33页

作者： ZHU Xiaomin zhong dakang ZHAO ChenglinGU Jiayu WANG Zhaoming ZHOU Xinyuan Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism Ministry of EducationUniversity of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Petro-ChinaBeijing 100083China Tarim Petroleum Company China National Petroleum CorporationKorla 841000China

Based on the pore cast and cathodolumines-cence thin sections, diagenesis process, source rock matura-tion history, structural evolution and reservoir qualitycharacteristics, the points of view that the porosities of Pa-leozoic clastic eureservoirs in the platform of the Tarim Ba-sin are mainly secondary, and the dissolution plays anunignorable role in the formation of eureservoirs, are putforward. In this paper, a series of criteria for the recognitionof the secondary porosities, the occurrence extent and classi-fication of secondary porosity are introduced, and threekinds of dissolution mechanism-the aluminosilicate dis-solution, the silicon dioxide dissolution and the carbonatedissolution-to generate the secondary porosity are comeup with. The formation, distribution, preservation and dis-appearance of eureservoirs are controlled by the paleo-structural framework and evolution, and hydrocarbon fillingand discharging. Paleostructural framework manipulate themigration path and direction of the acid fluid so as to deter-mine the position and extent of the dissolution. Paleostruc-ture highs and continuous paleouplifts are in favor of devel-oping the secondary porosity. The hydrocarbon filling madethe secondary porosities preserved and the hydrocarbondischarging let the secondary porosities filled by later calciteor quartz overgrowth cements. Paleostructure highs andcontinuous paleouplifts during the maturation period ofCambrian, Ordovician and Carboniferous source rocks(corresponding to S, P and K) are main areas for eureservoirs developing.

关键词： Tarim Basin eureservoir secondary porosity dissolution mechanism controlling factors prediction.

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Formation and evolution of petroliferous basins in African continent and their hydrocarbon distribution

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Global Geology 2010年第1期13卷 41-49页

作者： SUN Haitao zhong dakang ZHANG Simeng WANG Xingming State Key Lab of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting Faculty of Natural Resource and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Exploration and Development Research Institute of Dagang Oilfield Company PetroChina Tianfin 300280 China

There are eighty sedimentary basins in five different types in African continent,i.***.craton sag basin,foreland basin,intermountain basin,passive margin basin and rift basin,which underwent the stress environment of stable depression-compression-extension.The first three types of basins had been intensely influenced by Hercynian and Alpine tectonic movement,while the later two types of basins always exist in a stable extension environment.Different basin evolution caused the obviously hydrocarbon distribution difference.In North Africa,marginal craton sag and rift basins show great expedition potential of hydrocarbon,marginal craton sag basins had good formation and preservation of Lower Silurian hot shale,tectonic-strata traps and migration pathway formed by Hercynian unconformity,and rift basins had excellent Upper Cretaceous marine source rocks and good hydrocarbon preservation with little tectonic activity.Meanwhile,in the salt-containing passive margin basins and delta basins of West Africa,thick strata containing high quality source rocks and plastic strata were well developed.Source rocks of high maturity,good hydrocarbon preservation,growth faults and deformational structure traps were formed by abundant overlying sediments and sources supplied from Tertiary large water system.

关键词：含油气盆地油气分布非洲大陆克拉通边缘海相烃源岩演变裂谷盆地盆地类型

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Diagenesis and Their Succession of Gas-bearing and Non-gas-bearing Reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field of Ordos Basin,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第6期83卷 1202-1213页

作者： ZHU Xiaomin LIU Chenlin zhong dakang HAN Xuefang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Comparisons have been made among lithology, diagenesis, and reservoir characteristics of gas-bearing and non-gas-bearing ones in the Sulige gas field of the Ordos Basin based on the laboratory analysis of thin sections, scanning electron microscope, and liquid inclusion of the reservoirs. The reservoirs of the Sulige gas field are now in the middle stage of diagenesis and have undergone compaction, cementation and dissolution. The secondary pore of the reservoir originated from the dissolution of the feldspar and tuff because of the organic acid action from the source rocks during the diagenetic middle stage. Gas-bearing reservoirs are common in soluble pore diagenetic facies of coarse detritus quartzose sandstone, whereas non-gas-bearing ones are common in tense compaction diagenetic facies of mud-bearing medium-fine detritus quartzose sandstone and residual intergranular pore diagenetic facies of mud-bearing medium-coarse detritus quartzose sandstone. The secondary pore is developed in gas-bearing reservoirs of the Sulige gas-field as the medium-coarse grain reservoirs formed in a powerful sedimentary environment and experienced strong dissolution. However, the sediments of fine grain size form the non-gas-bearing reservoirs because of less residual primary pore and secondary pore.

关键词： pore evolution diagenesis reservoir Sulige gas field Ordos basin

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Characteristics and genetic mechanism of deep-buried clastic eureservoir in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 11-19页

作者： zhong dakang & ZHU XiaoMin China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China China University of Petroleum Beijing China

Systematic researches to the clastic reservoirs in various types and various geological ages basins in China indicate that the present burial depth of deep buried clastic eureservoir ranges from 3000 to 6000 m,and its geological ages from Paleozoic,Mesozoic to Cenozoic. It mainly deposited in delta (including braid delta,fan delta,normal delta),river,also shore,shallow lake,gravity flow channel and turbidity fan facies. The quartzose sandstone is the main reservoir rock of deep-buried clastic eureservoir in the shore facies in Paleozoic,but the arenite and arkose sandstones are the main reservoir rock types in delta,river,shallow lake and gravity flow facies in Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The porosity of most of deep-buried clastic eureservoir is more than 10% and permeability more than 10×10?3 μm2. The forma-tion of the deep-buried eureservoir was related to the paleotectonics,paleotemperature,sedimentary environment,the deep dissolution caused by organic acid or carbonic acid,burial style,the abnormal high pore fluid pressure,early hydrocarbon charging,gyprock sealing,hot convective fluid flow and the mode of sand-mud interbedded,etc. The paleotectonics controls the burial style of sandstones,and the paleotemperature controls the diagenesis process. The sedimentary environment is the precondi-tion and foundation,the dissolution is the direct reason to generate the deep buried clastic eureservoir. The abnormal high pore fluid pressure,gyprock sealing,the mode of sand-mud interbedded,early hy-drocarbon charging and the structure fractures were the assistant factors of generating the deep buried clastic eureservoir.

关键词： deep buried clastic eureservoir characteristics genetic mechanism controlling factors

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Dolomite geochemistry of the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation,eastern Sichuan Basin:Implication for dolomitization and reservoir prediction

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Petroleum Research 2017年第1期2卷 64-76页

作者： Ying Ren dakang zhong Chonglong Gao Queqi Yang Rui Xie Langbo Jia Yangjinfeng Jiang Ningcong zhong College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China

Based on petrology and mineralogy,the geochemical characteristics of dolomite in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin,were carried out.Results showed that dolomites mainly occurred in the middle and upper parts of Longwangmiao Formation,with most commonly as a crystalline dolomite and less commonly as a gain dolomite;the percentage content of dolostone in dolomite ranged from 48.6%to 75%,ratios of Mg/Ca were generally small,and positive and negative relationships between content of MgO and content of CaO were identified,respectively;the dolostones were generally characterized by high contents of Fe and Na while low contents of Sr and Mn,and only a part of dolostones had high content of Mn;compared with composition of contemporaneous seawater,most of dolostones were characterized by positiveδ^(13)C values and negativeδ^(18)O values.Based on the analyses of regional geological setting and geochemical characteristics,the dolomite in Longwangmiao Formation was mainly from the seepage-refluxion dolomitization,while evaporative-concentration dolomitization and burial dolomitization were not developed.In general,the dolomitization of Longwangmiao Formation was not complete.Furthermore,through the dolomitization model of Longwangmiao Formation,the distribution of sedimentary facies as well as the controlling effect of dolomitization on reservoir,the favorable reservoir was predicted,and was mainly developed around Qiyueshan fault zone.

关键词： Geochemistry Dolomitization Reservoir Prediction Longwangmiao Formation Sichuan Basin

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致密油储层微观特征及其形成机理——以鄂尔多斯盆地长6—长7段为例

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石油与天然气地质 2017年第1期38卷 49-61页

作者：钟大康中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室北京102249 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院北京102249

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长(延长组)6段和长7段富含大量致密油,但由于对其微观特征与成因缺乏深入了解,阻碍了该区致密油的有效开采。为此,根据岩石孔隙铸体薄片、场发射扫描电镜等技术,对研究区长6段和长7段致密油储层微观特征及其成因进... 详细信息

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长(延长组)6段和长7段富含大量致密油,但由于对其微观特征与成因缺乏深入了解,阻碍了该区致密油的有效开采。为此,根据岩石孔隙铸体薄片、场发射扫描电镜等技术,对研究区长6段和长7段致密油储层微观特征及其成因进行了深入研究。结果表明:研究区致密油储层形成于三角洲前缘远端远砂坝-席状砂及半深湖-深湖重力流沉积环境,岩石粒度细(主要为极细砂岩、粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩及粉砂质泥岩)、杂基含量高(8%~10%),几种储集岩的孔隙均极不发育,面孔率低,平均1.8%,孔径小(平均30μm),喉道细(平均0.08μm),平均孔隙度9%,渗透率基本上都低于0.3×10^(-3)μm^2,物性差。孔隙类型主要为粒间杂基微孔、长石及岩屑溶孔、胶结物晶间微孔。不同岩石类型其微观特征存在差异。沉积环境决定了其粒度细、粘土杂基高,细粒高粘土杂基岩石抗压性差,强烈的压实作用导致大量的原生孔隙损失,孔喉变得更加细小;孔喉细小的岩石由于孔隙中各种流体离子的半渗透膜效应引起强烈的碳酸盐和粘土矿物胶结,尤其是伊利石搭桥状和丝网状胶结,使岩石孔隙度渗透率进一步变差,后期酸性流体也难以进入发生溶蚀作用;云母与水云母杂基及碳酸盐胶结物对石英的强烈交代导致岩石抗压性变差以及固体体积增加,最终导致岩石的致密化。

关键词：微观特征形成机理储层致密油鄂尔多斯盆地

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The Sedimentary System and Evolution of the Early Tertiary in the Sunda Basin, Indonesia

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Petroleum Science 2006年第1期3卷 1-11页

作者： zhong dakang Zhu Xiaomin Zhang Qin Faculty of Natural Resounes ＆ Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

The Sunda basin is located at the north of the Sunda Strait situated between Sumatra and Java islands, Indonesia. It is an early Tertiary typical half-graben basin, in which developed a series of terrigenous clastic sedimentation. Previous work suggested that the early Tertiary sediments were alluvial, fluvial, lacustrine and swamp deposits, of which the Banuwati formation was alluvial and lacustrine deposits, the Zelda member fluvial deposits, and Gita member fluvial and swamp deposits. In this paper, based on the integrated research on core lithology （including lithology succession and structure）, well log shape, and seismic reflection characteristics, a more detailed sedimentation system was set up as follows： l） In addition to the alluvial, lacustrine, fluvial and the swamp deposits presented in previous work, subaqeous fan, shore-shallow lacustrine, deep lacustrine and turbidite fan, fan delta and delta deposits also developed in this basin. 2） Alluvial fan, subaqeous fan and fan delta deposits occurred on the steep slope adjacent to the synrift boundary fault; while the deltaic depositional system usually distributed on the gentle slope of the basins. 3） The Zelda member that was interpreted as a fluvial deposit in previous work is now interpreted as a subaqueous fan, fan delta, delta and lacustrine deposit system. 4） From the point of view of sedimentology, the evolution of basin could be divided into four stages： the initial subsidence （matching the Banuwati formation）, the rapid subsidence （matching the low Zelda member of Talang Akar formation）, the steady subsidence or fluctuation （matching the middle Zelda member of Talang Akar formation）, and the uplifting （matching the upper Zelda member and the Gita member of Talang Akar formation）. At the initial subsidence stage, the alluvial fan, flood plain, braided stream deposits developed, and then subaqeous fan sedimentation; at the rapid subsidence stage, shore-shallow lacustrine and deep lacustrine deposits and turbidite fans occurred; at the steady subs

关键词： Sedimentary facies evolution Sunda basin

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山地蚀源区的沉积类型及其相关概念的系统梳理与厘定

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古地理学报 2016年第3期18卷 335-348页

作者：钟大康中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院

通过对国内外近100多年来山地蚀源区沉积类型的研究成果系统梳理,结合第四系现代沉积的野外考察,根据沉积物是否发生搬运、搬运机制、沉积位置、沉积部位的坡度以及地貌特征等,将山地蚀源区沉积类型划分为残积物、坡积物、坠（崩/塌）... 详细信息

通过对国内外近100多年来山地蚀源区沉积类型的研究成果系统梳理,结合第四系现代沉积的野外考察,根据沉积物是否发生搬运、搬运机制、沉积位置、沉积部位的坡度以及地貌特征等,将山地蚀源区沉积类型划分为残积物、坡积物、坠（崩/塌）积物、山间河流沉积物、洪积物和冲积物等6种类型,各种类型在基本概念及其内涵上存在明显差异。残积物是母岩风化的产物在较平缓的地貌上（〈3°）形成的原地堆积;坡积物是母岩风化后形成的产物在坡面流水或重力作用下沿着具有一定坡度（〉3°,但一般不超过30°）的斜坡滑动或滚动至斜坡坡脚（即山麓）形成的堆积物;坠积物是仅在重力作用下以坠落或崩落或崩塌的方式沿着较陡峭的坡地（〉30°）滑动或滚动至坡脚形成的沉积物;山区河流沉积物是残积物、坡积物和坠积物被坡面流水带到沟谷或山间河道中形成的沉积物;洪积物是洪水期山间洪流携带的大量母岩风化产物在出山口形成的沉积物;冲积物是平水期山间河流携带的大量母岩风化产物在出山口形成的沉积物。此外,山地蚀源区还存在滑坡、滑塌、泥石流等几种重力流沉积物。

关键词：蚀源区残积物坡积物坠积物洪积物冲积物

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