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Ripening and rot:How ripening processes influence disease susceptibility in fleshy fruits

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第9期66卷 1831-1863页

作者： Shan li Yu zhao pan Wu Donald Grierson Lei gao State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Plant and Crop Sciences Division School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLE125RDUK Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan 430070China

Fleshy fruits become more susceptible to pathogen infection when they ripen;for example,changes in cell wall properties related to softening make it easier for pathogens to infect *** need for high-quality fruit has driven extensive research on improving pathogen resistance in important fruit crops such as tomato(Solanum lycopersicum).In this review,we summarize current progress in understanding how changes in fruit properties during ripening affect infection by *** changes affect physical barriers that limit pathogen entry,such as the fruit epidermis and its cuticle,along with other defenses that limit pathogen growth,such as preformed and induced defense *** plant immune system also protects ripening fruit by recognizing pathogens and initiating defense responses involving reactive oxygen species production,mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades,and jasmonic acid,salicylic acid,ethylene,and abscisic acid *** phytohormones regulate an intricate web of transcription factors(TFs)that activate resistance mechanisms,including the expression of pathogenesis-related *** tomato,ripening regulators,such as RIPENING INHIBITOR and NON_RIPENING,not only regulate ripening but also influence fruit defenses against ***,members of the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR(ERF)family play pivotal and distinct roles in ripening and defense,with different members being regulated by different *** also discuss the interaction of ripening-related and defense-related TFs with the Mediator transcription *** the ripening processes in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits share many similarities,these processes have broad applications across fruiting *** research on the individual contributions of ERFs and other TFs will inform efforts to diminish disease susceptibility in ripe fruit,satisfy the growing demand for high-quality fruit and decrease food waste and related economic losses.

关键词： fleshy fruit pathogen phytohormones ripening transcription factors

Engineering Strategies for Suppressing the Shuttle Effect in lithium–Sulfur Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 187-221页

作者： Jiayi li li gao Fengying pan Cheng Gong limeng Sun Hong gao Jinqiang Zhang Yufei zhao Guoxiu Wang Hao liu Joint International Laboratory On Environmental and Energy Frontier Materials School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China Centre for Clean Energy Technology University of Technology SydneyBroadwaySydneyNSW 2007Australia

lithium–sulfur(li–S)batteries are supposed to be one of the most potential next-generation batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and low ***,the shuttle effect of firm multi-step two-electron reaction between sulfur and lithium in liquid electrolyte makes the capacity much smaller than the theoretical *** methods were proposed for inhibiting the shuttle effect of polysulfide,improving corresponding redox kinetics and enhancing the integral performance of li–S ***,we will comprehensively and systematically summarize the strategies for inhibiting the shuttle effect from all components of li–S ***,the electrochemical principles/mechanism and origin of the shuttle effect are described in ***,the efficient strategies,including boosting the sulfur conversion rate of sulfur,confining sulfur or lithium polysulfides(LPS)within cathode host,confining LPS in the shield layer,and preventing LPS from contacting the anode,will be discussed to suppress the shuttle ***,recent advances in inhibition of shuttle effect in cathode,electrolyte,separator,and anode with the aforementioned strategies have been summarized to direct the further design of efficient materials for li–S ***,we present prospects for inhibition of the LPS shuttle and potential development directions in li–S batteries.

关键词： Shuttle effect Designed strategies li-S battery lithium polysulfides

Flow Field Simulation and Parameter Analysis of Hydraulic Unbalanced Bionic Self-recovery Actuator for Rotary Equipment

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 325-343页

作者： Wei li Xin pan Dehong Ge Jinji gao Key Laboratory of Engine Health Monitoring-Control and Networking of Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Beijing Key Laboratory of High-End Mechanical Equipment Health Monitoring and Self-Recovery Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

The rotor is the most important component of rotating machinery,and the vibration produced by its mass unbalance has a serious influence on the secure and steady operation of the machine,so an effective online suppression technology is urgently needed.A new hydraulic unbalanced bionic self-recovery system is introduced,imitating the way of manually repairing faulty *** accomplish the effect of actuator mass redistribution,the technology employs pressurized air to drive the quantitative transfer of liquid in the reservoir cavity at opposite *** can complete the online adjustment of the equipment's balancing state and suppress the unbalanced vibration of equipment in real time,which gives the equipment the ability to maintain an autonomous health state and improve equipment *** composition and working principle of the system are introduced in detail,and the key performance parameters,such as the minimum running speed and the balancing liquid transfer speed,are analyzed *** fluid-solid coupling model of the actuator was established,and the two-phase flow from inside the hydraulic unbalanced bionic self-recovery actuator was simulated under multiple working conditions and the performance parameters were quantitatively analyzed.A balancing simulation test bed was built,and its effectiveness was verified by performance parameter tests and unbalanced bionic self-recovery *** experimental results show that the mass distribution adjustment of the balancing disk can be achieved using different viscosity balancing liquid,and the response of liquid viscosity 10 cSt is faster than that of liquid viscosity 100 cSt in the process of balancing liquid transfer,and the time is reduced by more than 75%;the system can reduce the simulated rotor amplitude from 18.3μm to 10.6μm online in real time,which provides technical support for the subsequent development of a new generation of bionic intelligent equipment.

关键词： Engineering self-recovery-Bionics Simulation analysis Self-recovery regulation

limits of Uneven Battery Power in Modular Multilevel Converter-based Battery Energy Storage Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 686-695页

作者： Yao pan Xiaofeng Sun Wei zhao Xin li Yao Cai Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China

For modular multilevel converter-based battery energy storage systems (MMC-BESS), uneven power among batteries of SMs will be deduced by battery aging, battery fault, etc., which will degrade performance and even lead to system failure. For maintaining the balance of capacitor voltage, this paper analyzes the limits of the uneven power of batteries, which are presented as the current limits in this paper. According to analysis, an analytical method is proposed that only the dc and fundamental frequency components of the arm current are used to calculate current limits. With the current limits it is able to evaluate the reasonability of power distribution among batteries. Meanwhile, increase of fundamental frequency component will enhance the current limits, and the dc component determines the size relationship between the absolute values of the upper and lower current limits. Finally, simulation model and experiment prototype are built for verifying the theoretical analysis and current limits calculation method, and satisfactory results are provided.

关键词： Arm current balance of capacitor voltage current limits MMC-BESS uneven power

A direct electrochemical biosensor for rapid glucose detection based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2184-2192页

作者： Lan-Lan li Yu zhao li-Jia pan Jian-Bin Xu Yi Shi College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China School of Electronic Science and Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China Department of Electronic Engineering The Chinese University of HongKongHongkong 999077China

Given the increasing number of diabetic patients,rapid and accurate detection of glucose in body fluids is *** study developed a direct electrochemical biosensor for glucose based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages(NCNCs).NCNCs possess a large specific surface area of 1395 m^(2)·g^(-1),a high N atomic content of 9.37%and good biocompatibility,which is favorable for enzyme loading and electron *** surface average concentration of electroactive glucose oxidase on NCNCs was 2.82×10^(-10)mol·cm^(-2).The NCNC-based direct electrochemical biosensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 13.7μA·(mmol·L^(-1))^(-1)·cm^(-2),rapid response time of 5 s and an impressive electron-transferrate constant(ks)of 1.87 s^(-1).Furthermore,we investigated an NCNC-based direct electron transfer(DET)biosensor for sweat glucose detection,which demonstrated tremendous promise for non-invasive wearable diabetes diagnosis.

关键词： Direct electron transfer(DET) Nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages(NCNCs) Glucose oxidase Biosensor

Mass transfer enhancement and hydrodynamic performance with wire mesh coupling solid particles in bubble column reactor

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 195-205页

作者： Chuanjun Di Jipeng Dong Fei gao Guanghui Chen pan Zhang Jianlong li Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Reaction and Separation Engineering of Shandong Province College of Chemical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042China College of Electromechanical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266043China

It is of vital significance to investigate mass transfer enhancements for chemical engineering *** work focuses on investigating the coupling influence of embedding wire mesh and adding solid particles on bubble motion and gas-liquid mass transfer process in a bubble *** image velocimetry(PIV)technology was employed to analyze the flow field and bubble motion behavior,and dynamic oxygen absorption technology was used to measure the gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient(kLa).The effect of embedding wire mesh,adding solid particles,and wire mesh coupling solid particles on the flow characteristic and kLa were analyzed and *** results show that the gas-liquid interface area increases by 33%-72%when using the wire mesh coupling solid particles strategy compared to the gas-liquid two-phase flow,which is superior to the other two strengthening *** with the system without reinforcement,kLa in the bubble column increased by 0.5-1.8 times with wire mesh coupling solid particles method,which is higher than the sum of kLa increases with inserting wire mesh and adding particles,and the coupling reinforcement mechanism for affecting gas-liquid mass transfer process was discussed to provide a new idea for enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer.

关键词： Fluid mechanics Bubble Mass transfer Wire mesh coupling solid particles Particle image velocimetry Hydrodynamics

Copper naphthalocyanine-based hole-transport material for highperformance and thermally stable perovskite solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2701-2709页

作者： Yue Qiang Huaiman Cao Yuzhen pan Yi Chi liangyu zhao Yingguo Yang Hai-Bei li Yan gao licheng Sun Ze Yu State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontier Science Center for Smart MaterialsDalian University of Technology(DUT).Dalian 116024China School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology(DUT)Dalian 116024China School of Microelectronics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) Zhangjiang LabShanghai Advanced Research InstituteShanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China School of Ocean Shandong UniversityWeihai 264209China Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels and Department of Chemistry School of ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Department of Chemistry School of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm 10044Sweden

Metal phthalocyanines(MPcs) have gained considerable research attention as hole-transport materials(HTMs) in perovskite solar cells(PSCs) because of their superb stability. However, the photovoltaic performance of MPc-based HTMs in PSCs is still lagging behind their small molecule and polymeric counterparts, largely due to their relatively low hole mobility. Here, we report for the first time the application of a copper naphthalocyanine derivative(namely t Bu-Cu Nc) as a hole-transport material(HTM)in perovskite solar cells(PSCs), and systematically study its optoelectronic and photovoltaic property compared with its Cu Pc analog(t Bu-Cu Pc). Combined experiments disclose that the extension of π-conjugation from Pc to Nc core leads to not only an enhanced hole-carrier mobility associated with a stronger intermolecular interaction, but also an elevated glass transition temperature(T_g) of 252 °C. The resultant PSCs employing t Bu-Cu Nc deliver an excellent power conversion efficiency of 24.03%, which is the record efficiency reported for metal complex-based HTMs in PSCs. More importantly, the encapsulated t Bu-Cu Nc-based devices also show dramatically improved thermal stability than the devices using the well-known SpiroOMe TAD, with a T_(80)lifetime for more than 1,000 h under damp-heat stress. This study unfolds a new avenue for developing efficient and stable HTMs in PSCs.

关键词： hole-transport materials perovskite solar cells copper naphthalocyanine extendedπ-conjugation thermal stability

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Coordinated Capacitor Voltage Balancing Method for Cascaded H-bridge Inverter with Supercapacitor and DC-DC Stage

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2024年第2期8卷 191-201页

作者： Ye Zhang Zixin li Fanqiang gao Cong zhao Yaohua li IEEE Key Laboratory of High Density Electromagnetic Power and Systems(Chinese Academy of Sciences) Institute of Electrical EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesHaidian District University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan District

Cascaded H-bridge inverter(CHBI) with supercapacitors(SCs) and dc-dc stage shows significant promise for medium to high voltage energy storage applications. This paper investigates the voltage balance of capacitors within the CHBI, including both the dc-link capacitors and SCs. Balance control over the dc-link capacitor voltages is realized by the dcdc stage in each submodule(SM), while a hybrid modulation strategy(HMS) is implemented in the H-bridge to balance the SC voltages among the SMs. Meanwhile, the dc-link voltage fluctuations are analyzed under the HMS. A virtual voltage variable is introduced to coordinate the balancing of dc-link capacitor voltages and SC voltages. Compared to the balancing method that solely considers the SC voltages, the presented method reduces the dc-link voltage fluctuations without affecting the voltage balance of SCs. Finally, both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the presented method.

关键词： Cascaded H-bridge inverter(CHBI) Hybrid modulation strategy(HMS) Capacitor voltage balancing DClink voltage fluctuation Supercapacitor(SC)

Prediction of undeformed chip thickness distribution and surface roughness in ultrasonic vibration grinding of inner hole of bearings

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2024年第4期25卷 311-323页

作者： Yanqin li Daohui XIANG Guofu gao Feng JIAO Bo zhao School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000China

Ultrasonic vibration grinding differs from traditional grinding in terms of its material removal *** randomness of grain-workpiece interaction in ultrasonic vibration grinding can produce variable chips and impact the surface roughness of ***,previous studies used iterative method to calculate the unformed chip thickness(UCT),which has low computational *** this study,a symbolic difference method is proposed to calculate the *** UCT distributions are obtained to describe the stochastic interaction characteristics of ultrasonic grinding ***,the UCT distribution characteristics under different machining parameters are ***,a surface roughness prediction model is established based on the UCT ***,the correctness of the model is verified by *** study provides a quick and accurate method for predicting surface roughness in longitudinal ultrasonic vibration grinding.

关键词： Ultrasonic vibration grinding Undeformed chip thickness(UCT) Distribution characteristics Surface roughness