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晶体结构教学中的基本概念表述与内涵的探讨

大学化学 2024年第3期39卷 18-22页

作者：张冬菊山东大学化学与化工学院济南250100

晶体结构是结构化学课程中的重要教学内容,包含的知识点多、概念抽象、理论性强。本文探讨晶体结构教学中一些基本概念的表述与内涵,包括点阵、晶格、结构基元、晶胞等,以期帮助学生澄清一些模糊不清的认识,引导学生正确理解晶体学理论... 详细信息

晶体结构是结构化学课程中的重要教学内容,包含的知识点多、概念抽象、理论性强。本文探讨晶体结构教学中一些基本概念的表述与内涵,包括点阵、晶格、结构基元、晶胞等,以期帮助学生澄清一些模糊不清的认识,引导学生正确理解晶体学理论的基础知识和基本概念。

关键词：点阵晶格结构基元晶胞

量子化学课程思政建设:揭示事物普遍联系的几个教学案例

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大学化学 2024年第7期39卷 272-277页

作者：张冬菊朱荣秀山东大学化学与化工学院济南250100

量子化学是物理化学专业研究生的学位课程,其教学内容蕴含丰富的思政元素。本文以唯物辩证法的联系观为线索,通过典型教学案例,揭示联系的普遍性、客观性和多样性。这些教学案例旨在引导学生树立正确的辩证唯物主义世界观和方法论,学会... 详细信息

量子化学是物理化学专业研究生的学位课程,其教学内容蕴含丰富的思政元素。本文以唯物辩证法的联系观为线索,通过典型教学案例,揭示联系的普遍性、客观性和多样性。这些教学案例旨在引导学生树立正确的辩证唯物主义世界观和方法论,学会用联系的观点去分析和解决问题,提高其科学素养和综合素质。

关键词：量子化学课程思政唯物辩证法

“互联网+医院-家庭智慧护理”模式在肠造口病人居家护理中的应用

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循证护理 2024年第13期10卷 2439-2443页

作者：张冬菊王玮徐州医科大学附属宿迁医院江苏223800

目的:探讨“互联网+医院-家庭智慧护理”模式在肠造口病人居家护理中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年3月—2023年3月江苏省某医院收治的92例直肠癌肠造口病人为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将病人分为观察组及对照组,各46例。对照组实施常规... 详细信息

目的:探讨“互联网+医院-家庭智慧护理”模式在肠造口病人居家护理中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年3月—2023年3月江苏省某医院收治的92例直肠癌肠造口病人为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将病人分为观察组及对照组,各46例。对照组实施常规护理模式,观察组实施“互联网+医院-家庭智慧护理”模式,干预时间6个月,比较两组病人干预前后造口自我管理效能、造口自护能力、生活质量及造口相关并发症发生率。结果:两组病人干预后造口自我管理效能评分、自护能力评分、生活质量评分及造口相关并发症发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:“互联网+医院-家庭智慧护理”模式有助于提升直肠癌造口病人自我管理效能及自我护理能力,降低造口相关并发症,提高生活质量。

关键词： “互联网+” 智慧护理直肠癌肠造口自护能力生活质量居家护理

理论化学方法阐明化学反应热力学控制与动力学控制的概念——推荐一个Diels-Alder反应的计算化学实验

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大学化学 2024年第3期39卷 327-335页

作者：杨一莹张冬菊山东大学化学与化工学院济南250100

设计了一个适用于化学专业高年级本科生的综合计算化学实验。该实验通过量子化学计算,研究了有机化学教材中一个典型的Diels-Alder反应,给出了反应过程的微观物理图像以及反应的热力学和动力学性质的定量信息,阐明了化学反应中热力学控... 详细信息

设计了一个适用于化学专业高年级本科生的综合计算化学实验。该实验通过量子化学计算,研究了有机化学教材中一个典型的Diels-Alder反应,给出了反应过程的微观物理图像以及反应的热力学和动力学性质的定量信息,阐明了化学反应中热力学控制和动力学控制的基本概念。该实验旨在培养学生使用计算化学方法研究化学问题的基本技能,加深其对物质结构与性能之间关系的理解。该实验也是对学生进行辩证唯物主义世界观和方法论教育的一个具体实例,着重引导学生充分认识矛盾的普遍性,擅于用联系观和发展观分析和解决化学实际问题。

关键词：计算化学热力学控制动力学控制 Diels-Alder反应

Early human occupation of the Tibetan Plateau

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Science Bulletin 2018年第24期63卷 1598-1600页

作者： dongju zhang Huan Xia Fahu Chen Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) College of Earth Environmental SciencesLanzhou University Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology (LAE) CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System SciencesInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

The Tibetan Plateau,the world's "Third Pole",has an average elevation above 4,000 masl (meters above sea level)and an area of over 500×10^4km^2,It is the highest and largest plateau on earth and is very sensitive to global climate change [1,2].The cold,dry and hypoxic high-altitude environment of the plateau presents a major challenge to human ***,the history and mechanisms of prehistoric human history on the Tibetan Plateau-from brief hunting expeditions to seasonal hunting-gathering and finally to permanent settlements-has attracted both general interest and substantial scientific debates [3-6].Archaeological studies indicate that humans probably first explored the plateau at the end of the late *** practiced intensive seasonal hunting-gathering from 15 ka BP [6],and permanently settled regions above 3,000 masl after 3.6 ka BP,which was facilitated by the development of an agropastoral economy [3].However, the early part of the human history of the Tibetan Plateau is still poorly documented,due to the lack of well-preserved archaeological sites and reliable dating results (***).

关键词： The Tibetan Plateau average elevation human history

Earliest hand-and footprint art indicates that Denisovans may have occupied the interior of the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau since 200 thousand years ago

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第4期65卷 769-772页

作者： Fahu CHEN Huan XIA Zhenxiu JIA dongju zhang Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA) Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Beijing 100101China MOE Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

As a result of rapid uplift since the late Cenozoic, the Tibetan Plateau eventually developed an enormous area(3.08 million km^(2)) and became the highest elevation plateau on Earth. The cold and hypoxic environments of the Tibetan Plateau,combined with the strong solar radiation receipt and lack of biological resources, present a major challenge to the occupation and expansion of humans.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau interior

Key role of aπ–πcomplex in diaryl cross-coupling between aryldiazonium salts and arylboronic acids using photosensitizer-free gold/photoredox catalysis

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第1期9卷 147-155页

作者： Yanhong Liu Rongxiu Zhu Chengbu Liu dongju zhang Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of EducationInstitute of Theoretical ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250100P.R.China

DFT and TD-DFT calculations were performed to better understand the photosensitizer-free visible-lightmediated Au-catalyzed cross-coupling between aryldiazonium salts and arylboronic ***π–πtype complex between the aryldiazonium salt and the arylboronic acid,rather than either the generally accepted gold(I)–aryldiazonium salt complex or the aryldiazonium salt itself,was shown to play the role of a virtual *** oxidation of Au(I)to Au(III),the key aspect of the dual gold/photoredox catalytic aryl–aryl cross-coupling,occurs via the radical addition of an aryl radical rather than an aryldiazo radical on Au(II)*** transmetalation of the arylboronic acid to Au(III)species was identified as the rate-determining step,and the presence of a tetrafluoroborate anion can assist this process *** experimentally observed effect of substituents on the aryldiazonium salt and boronic acid on the reactivity was also rationalized.

关键词： boron coupling salts

Multiple evidences indicate no relationship between prehistoric disasters in Lajia site and outburst flood in upper Yellow River valley, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第4期61卷 441-449页

作者： DONG GuangHui zhang FanYu LIU FengWen zhang dongju ZHOU AiFeng YANG YiShi WANG GongHui MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou University Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China (Ministry of Education) Department of Geological EngineeringLanzhou University Research Center on Landslides Disaster Prevention Research InstituteKyoto University

All around the world, ancient legends exist about the Great Flood, and the influence of the Great Flood in human evolutionary history is a hotly debated topic. In China, the legend of the prehistoric Great Flood and Yu the Great's flood control has a long history and is considered to be closely linked to the establishment of the Xia Dynasty. However, there is a lack of solid scientific evidence. Against this issue, some scholars have proposed that an earthquake around 1920 BCE in the Guanting Basin along the upper reaches of the Yellow River led to the creation of a lake by damming in the Jishi Gorge and that the outburst of water from that lake led to the massive flood in the Yellow River region. These studies provided new scientific evidence for the Chinese legend. In this paper, we date skeletal samples embedded in earthquake sand blasting from the Lajia site, analyze remains from natural disasters(such as earthquakes and floods) and also archaeological remains. In addition, we compared the skeletal samples dating with that of sediments from the dammed-up lake. Our results are inconsistent with those of previous scholars. The earthquake at the Lajia site occurred no earlier than 1800 BCE, and the dammed-up lake in Jishi Gorge had disappeared by 3600 BCE. Thus, the formation and outburst of the dammed lake, the sudden death of ancient humans at the Lajia site and the ancient earthquake were independent events occurring at different times. In addition, the massive flood in the upper reaches of the Yellow River did not actually happen. Thus, we argue against and invalidate the hypothesis that the massive flood was related to Yu the Great's flood control and the establishment of the Xia Dynasty.

关键词： Guanting Basin Qijia culture Lajia site Earthquake Outburst flood The establishment of the Xia dynasty

Theoretical study of NO adsorption on gold surfaces

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第1期54卷 194-199页

作者： WANG YingYing zhang dongju LIU ChengBu Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

The activities of neutral, anionic, and cationic Au（111）, Au（100）, surface towards NO adsorption have been studied by performing and Au（310） surfaces, as well as an Au adatom on Au（111） density functional theory calculations. It was found that the activity of gold increases as the coordination number of the gold atoms decreases, and that the cationic surfaces are generally more active than the neutral and anionic surfaces. The activity of Au surfaces towards NO adsorption is attributable to the presence of low coordinated gold atoms and the concentration of positive charges on the surface. The results may enrich the understanding of NO adsorption on Au surfaces.

关键词： gold surfaces NO adsorption density functional theory