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Impacts of Roof/Ground Mitigation Strategies on Improving the Urban Thermal Environment and Human Comfort over the Yangtze River Delta, China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第1期38卷 108-125页

作者： Hongyun MA Mi zhang haishan CHEN Yan WANG Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023 Experimental Teaching Center for Meteorology and Environment Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044

The combined effects of global warming and the urban heat islands exacerbate the risk of urban heat stress. It is crucial to implement effective cooling measures in urban areas to improve the comfort of the thermal environment. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF), coupled with a single-layer Urban Canopy Model(UCM), was used to study the impact of heat mitigation strategies. In addition, a 5-km resolution land-cover dataset for China(ChinaLC), which is based on satellite remote sensing data, was adjusted and used, and 18 groups of numerical experiments were designed, to increase the albedo and vegetation fraction of roof/ground parameters. The experiments were conducted for four heatwave events that occurred in the summer of 2013 in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration of China. The simulated results demonstrated that, for the single roof/ground schemes, the mitigation effects were directly proportional to the albedo and greening. Among all the experimental schemes, the superposed schemes presented better cooling effects. For the ground greening scheme, with similar net radiation flux and latent heat flux, its storage heat was lower than that of the roof greening scheme, resulting in more energy flux into the atmosphere, and its daytime cooling effect was not as good as that of the roof greening scheme. In terms of human thermal comfort(HTC), the improvement achieved by the ground greening scheme was better than any other single roof/ground schemes, because the increase in the relative humidity was small. The comprehensive evaluation of the mitigation effects of different schemes on the thermal environment presented in this paper provides a theoretical basis for improving the urban environment through rational urban planning and construction.

关键词： urban heat island human thermal comfort urban canopy mitigation strategies Yangtze River Delta Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF) Urban Canopy Model(UCM)

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Pressure stimulated current in progressive failure process of combined coal-rock under uniaxial compression:Response and mechanism

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第2期34卷 227-243页

作者： Tiancheng Shan Zhonghui Li Xin zhang haishan Jia Xiaoran Wang Enyuan Wang Yue Niu Dong Chen Weichen Sun Dongming Wang State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China National Engineering Research Center for Coal Gas Control China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China School of Safety Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

Effective monitoring of the structural health of combined coal-rock under complex geological conditions by pressure stimulated currents(PSCs)has great potential for the understanding of dynamic disasters in underground engineering.To reveal the effect of this way,the uniaxial compression experiments with PSC monitoring were conducted on three types of coal-rock combination samples with different strength combinations.The mechanism explanation of PSCs are investigated by resistivity test,atomic force microscopy(AFM)and computed tomography(CT)methods,and a PSC flow model based on progressive failure process is proposed.The influence of strength combinations on PSCs in the progressive failure process are emphasized.The results show the PSC responses between rock part,coal part and the two components are different,which are affected by multi-scale fracture characteristics and electrical properties.As the rock strength decreases,the progressive failure process changes obviously with the influence range of interface constraint effect decreasing,resulting in the different responses of PSC strength and direction in different parts to fracture behaviors.The PSC flow model is initially validated by the relationship between the accumulated charges of different parts.The results are expected to provide a new reference and method for mining design and roadway quality assessment.

关键词： Combined coal-rock Pressure stimulated current Progressive failure process Mechanism Flow model

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深低温保存下高效抗冻多肽的合理设计和机理探讨

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Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 164-173页

作者： haishan Qi Yihang Gao Lin zhang Zhongxin Cui Xiaojie Sui Jianfan Ma Jing Yang Zhiquan Shu Lei zhang Department of Biochemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyFrontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering(MOE)Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China School of Engineering and Technology University of Washington TacomaTacomaWA 98402USA

The development of effective antifreeze peptides to control ice growth has attracted a significant amount of attention yet still remains a great challenge.Here,we propose a novel design method based on in-depth investigation of repetitive motifs in various ice-binding proteins(IBPs)with evolution analysis.In this way,several peptides with notable antifreeze activity were developed.In particular,a designed antifreeze peptide named AVD exhibits ideal ice recrystallization inhibition(IRI),solubility,and biocompatibility,making it suitable for use as a cryoprotective agent(CPA).A mutation analysis and molecular dynamics(MD)simulations indicated that the Thr6 and Asn8 residues of the AVD peptide are fundamental to its ice-binding capacity,while the Ser18 residue can synergistically enhance their interaction with ice,revealing the antifreeze mechanism of AVD.Furthermore,to evaluate the cryoprotection potential of AVD,the peptide was successfully employed for the cryopreservation of various cells,which demonstrated significant post-freezing cell recovery.This work opens up a new avenue for designing antifreeze materials and provides peptide-based functional modules for synthetic biology.

关键词： Antifreeze peptides Evolution analysis Ice recrystallization inhibition Molecular dynamics simulation Cryopreservation Synthetic biology

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西湖凹陷上部杂色泥岩井壁失稳研究和钻井液优化

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钻井液与完井液 2024年第2期41卷 205-214页

作者：张海山中海石油(中国)有限公司上海分公司上海200335

东海西湖凹陷部分区块在Φ311.15 mm井段钻遇龙井组、花港组杂色泥岩地层时,频繁发生起下钻阻卡、倒划眼困难等复杂情况,严重影响井下安全和作业时效。室内采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、压汞法、抗压强度测试等方法对地层岩性组构特征、力... 详细信息

东海西湖凹陷部分区块在Φ311.15 mm井段钻遇龙井组、花港组杂色泥岩地层时,频繁发生起下钻阻卡、倒划眼困难等复杂情况,严重影响井下安全和作业时效。室内采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、压汞法、抗压强度测试等方法对地层岩性组构特征、力学特性以及其他物理化学性能进行试验,研究井壁岩石失稳机理,表明杂色泥岩本身极具失稳特性。模拟现场条件,试验研究现场油基钻井液封堵和井壁稳定能力、钻井液润湿性能对岩屑井壁黏附和润滑性的影响,发现影响杂色泥岩起下钻遇阻的主控因素是钻井液胶结封堵稳定井壁能力和钻井液润湿性能不够。针对地层特性和钻井液性能不足,制定油基钻井液稳定井壁优化对策,强化钻井液封堵固壁性,提高地层承压能力;优选钻井液乳化剂,提高体系高温稳定性和润湿性。优化后的油基钻井液体系能够有效封堵泥岩微纳米孔缝,提高井壁稳定性,提高泥饼润滑性,可降低起下钻阻卡风险。现场应用表明,钻井过程中井壁稳定,起下钻、下套管等均顺利,与邻井相比起下钻效率提升96%~353%,取得了良好的应用效果,有效解决了西湖凹陷上部杂色泥岩地层井壁失稳问题。

关键词：泥岩地层井壁稳定胶结封堵井壁强化油基钻井液

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The isomorphic realization of nondegenerate solvable Lie algebras of maximal rank based on Kac-Moody algebras

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Science China Mathematics 2013年第5期56卷 995-1014页

作者： LU CaiHui zhang haishan School of Mathematical Sciences Capital Normal University

In this paper,based on Kac-Moody algebra,the isomorphic realization of nondegenerate solvable Lie algebras of maximal rank is given,which in turn revels the closed connections between nondegenerate solvable Lie algebr... 详细信息

关键词： KAC-Moody代数可解李代数代数同构非退化基础代数和极大

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A pilot study on ^(99m)Tc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy in diagnosis of brain glioma

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2013年第2期24卷 36-40页

作者： GAO Shi MA Qingjie CUI Qu LIU Lin ZHOU Xueyan JIA Bing CHEN Zuowei zhang haishan China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University Medical Isotopes Research Center Peking University Department of Nuclear Medicine People's Hospital of Shenzhen

The 99mTc-3PRGD2 targeted SPECT/CT scanning was of significance in detecting differentiated glioma.In this work,the diagnostic value of 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy in brain glioma was evaluated by the ten clinically verified brain glioma patients after obtaining informed consent.The patients first accepted X-ray imaging to localize the detecting regions before administrating with 99mTc-3PRGD2 at a mean radioactivity of 849±115 MBq via single intravenous bolus injection 2 h prior to SPECT/CT imaging.Tumor samples for detectingαvβ3 were collected by surgical operations two weeks after the scintigraphy.The results of CT and SPECT scanning were merged and compared.The correlation between tumor occupation（T/N ratio） andαvβ3 expression level were analyzed.The T/N ratios in brain glioma were proportionally correlated to av(33 positive cell percentage（R2=0.9253,p<0.05）.This study primarily evaluated the clinical application of 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT scintigraphy on brain glioma.The more pathological types and detecting strategies covering a large amount of samples would aid to clarify the potentials.

关键词：脑胶质瘤诊断价值显像 SPECT 扫描检测 X射线成像临床验证静脉注射

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中国夏季边界层高度及其主要影响因子的分区研究

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大气科学 2024年第3期48卷 1201-1216页

作者：吴雯璐陈海山郭建平许智棋张潇艳南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/气象灾害教育部重点实验室南京210044 南京信息工程大学大气科学学院南京210044 中国气象科学研究院北京100081 中国气象局北京城市气象研究院北京100089

中国区域下垫面复杂且边界层热力和动力影响因子众多,目前缺乏对全国范围内边界层高度及其影响因子的综合分析。本文基于2012~2016年L波段高分辨率探空资料,采用K-prototypes算法结合12个可能影响因子将中国夏季边界层高度进行了聚类分... 详细信息

中国区域下垫面复杂且边界层热力和动力影响因子众多,目前缺乏对全国范围内边界层高度及其影响因子的综合分析。本文基于2012~2016年L波段高分辨率探空资料,采用K-prototypes算法结合12个可能影响因子将中国夏季边界层高度进行了聚类分析,以探讨中国夏季边界层高度的区域性特征和主要影响因子。结果表明,中国区域100个站点08、14、20时(北京时,下同)的边界层高度均可划分为东北、东南、西北和西南4个区域。在此基础上,分析了三个不同时次不同区域边界层高度的主要影响因子,并探究这些因子影响不同热力状态下边界层发展的可能机理。结果表明:稳定边界层早(08时)、晚(20时)的发展主要受风速湍流动力作用的影响,而中午14时的发展与间歇性湍流作用密切相关。中性和对流边界层的发展在早上也主要受风速的驱动,而在中午则主要受较高地表温度和较大地表净辐射通量所引起的湍流热力作用驱动。此外,东北地区的云量和比湿、东南地区的潜热通量、西北地区的感热通量和比湿、西南地区的感热通量和土壤湿度也会通过对热力湍流的直接或间接影响,从而影响该区域中性和对流边界层的发展。晚上,由于东西时差的影响,在东部地区,风速开始成为中性和对流边界层高度的主要影响因子,而西部地区边界层高度的主要影响因子仍为热力因子。值得注意的是,北部地区的叶面积指数可以通过植被蒸腾作用改变比湿,从而影响边界层的发展;东北地区地表气压的变化可以通过影响气流的上升和下沉运动从而影响边界层的发展。

关键词：大气边界层高度影响因子聚类不同稳定度类型

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Influence of Recent Trial History on Interval Timing

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第4期39卷 559-575页

作者： Taorong Xie Can Huang Yijie zhang Jing Liu haishan Yao Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology Shanghai 201210China

Interval timing is involved in a variety of cognitive behaviors such as associative learning and decision-making.While it has been shown that time estimation is adaptive to the temporal context,it remains unclear how interval timing behavior is influenced by recent trial history.Here we found that,in mice trained to perform a licking-based interval timing task,a decrease of inter-reinforcement interval in the previous trial rapidly shifted the time of anticipatory licking earlier.Optogenetic inactivation of the anterior lateral motor cortex(ALM),but not the medial prefrontal cortex,for a short time before reward delivery caused a decrease in the peak time of anticipatory licking in the next trial.Electrophysiological recordings from the ALM showed that the response profiles preceded by short and long inter-reinforcement intervals exhibited task-engagement-dependent temporal scaling.Thus,interval timing is adaptive to recent experience of the temporal interval,and ALM activity during time estimation reflects recent experience of interval.

关键词： Peak-interval timing procedure Temporal context Trial history Secondary motor cortex Temporal scaling

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^(99m)Tc-3P_4 -RGD_2 radiotracers for SPECT/CT of esophageal tumor

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2013年第4期24卷 38-43页

作者： GAO Shi MA Qingjie WEN Qiang JIA Bing LIU Zhaofei CHEN Zuowei zhang haishan LI Dandan China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University Medical Isotopes Research Center Peking University Department of Nuclear Medicine People’s Hospital of Shenzhen

In recent years,several RGD(Arg-Gly-Asp)-based radiotracers have already been successfully tested in human for the visualization of integrin αvβ3,demonstrating its feasibility in tumor diagnosis.In this paper,we evaluated the 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 single photon emission computed tomography/computerized tomography(SPECT/CT)in patients suffering from space occupying disease of esophagus.40 patients(34 males and 6 female;mean age: 58.3 years) with a suspected space occupying lesion of esophagus were included,thus finally obtaining their definite pathologic diagnosis(malignant,n=32;benign,n=8).All patients underwent endoscopic,barium esophagography and SPECT/CT imaging preoperatively.The chest SPECT was performed at 4 h after administration of99mTc-3P4-RGD2 with a dose of 939±118 MBq.The diagnosis precision,sensitivity and specificity among these methods were compared.The relationship between radioactive uptake and clinical pathological stage of esophageal carcinoma was discussed by calculating the tumor to normal esophagus(T/N).Meanwhile,the integrin αvβ3 expression was assessed immunohistochemically in postoperative esophageal tissues.31 patients were diagnosed as esophageal carcinoma;and 1,leiomyosarcoma;and 6.leimyoma;and 2,esophageal tuberculosis.The accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of barium esophagography,endoscopic and SPECT/CT imaging are 92.5/93.8/87.5%,97.5/96.9/100%,and 90/90.6/87.5%,respectively.Abnormal accumulation of radiotracer in 29 malignant lesions is observed.The SPECT/CT imaging displayed the region of radioactive uptake and lesions matched extremely with the T/N ratio from 1.31 to 2.79(mean 2.04).A case with pulmonary metastases and a case with mediastinal lymph node metastases were found which were missed by barium esophagography and endoscopic.The99mTc-3P4-RGD2 uptake of the esophageal carcinoma masses had no relevance to the tumor pathologic classification(P>0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between T/N ratio and positive cell percentage of integrin αvβ3(r=0.976),demonstrating

关键词：放射性示踪剂 SPECT 食管肿瘤计算机断层扫描肿瘤诊断平均年龄恶性肿瘤病理诊断

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重载铁路反向运输碳减排效果案例研究

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环境科学与管理 2024年第5期49卷 25-30页

作者：张海山张剑铠张永恒秦进中国神华能源股份有限公司北京100011 中南大学交通运输工程学院湖南长沙410075

中国重载铁路普遍存在双向运量不均衡和反向运力浪费问题。为充分利用反向运输能力,从运输链的视角出发,构建了重载铁路运输链碳排放估算模型,重点细化了重载铁路反向运输七个阶段的碳排放,并与基准链反向运输碳排放进行了对比。案例结... 详细信息

中国重载铁路普遍存在双向运量不均衡和反向运力浪费问题。为充分利用反向运输能力,从运输链的视角出发,构建了重载铁路运输链碳排放估算模型,重点细化了重载铁路反向运输七个阶段的碳排放,并与基准链反向运输碳排放进行了对比。案例结果表明:重载运输链反向运输的综合碳排放因子为12.495 gCO_(2)/(t·km),相较于基准链的49.759 gCO_(2)/(t·km)减少了四分之三。从降低反向运输碳排放量角度出发,重载铁路对公路运输的替代率是关键,采用重载铁路方式运输能够带来明显的碳减排效果。

关键词：碳排放因子碳排放估算模型重载运输链基准链公转铁

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