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Theoretical critical value curve and driving force formation of ecological migration in the arid land

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chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第A1期51卷 196-203页

作者： ZHU Zi’an & zhang xiaolei xinjiang institute of ecology and geography, chinese academy of sciences, urumqi 830011, china The Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, china xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Development and Reform Commission, urumqi 830002, china xinjiang institute of ecology and geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China The Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing China xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Development and Reform Commission Urumqi China

干旱陆地的易碎的 eco 环境的特征确定它骚乱抵抗的能力更低。在干旱陆地的自然荒芜的绿洲在在宽 Gobi 沙漠散布的马赛克补丁。人口分发是极大地依赖于水资源。人口与驱散的分发，简单生产和生活被描绘风格，和贫穷和遥远。生态的迁居... 详细信息

干旱陆地的易碎的 eco 环境的特征确定它骚乱抵抗的能力更低。在干旱陆地的自然荒芜的绿洲在在宽 Gobi 沙漠散布的马赛克补丁。人口分发是极大地依赖于水资源。人口与驱散的分发，简单生产和生活被描绘风格，和贫穷和遥远。生态的迁居被执行的原因躺在生态的问题。生态的降级是生态的迁居的主要驱动力。然后，驱动力的力量取决于生态的降级的度。因此，是否执行生态的移植取决于生态的降级的程度。理论上，为在干旱陆地的精明的生态的移植的批评的值曲线通过生态学的相对问题的全面研究被提出，经济等等，在干旱陆地与生态的移植经验结合了，并且基于干旱环境的特征。在这篇文章，与这条曲线，理论研究和生态的迁居的一些实践从不做作的行为和生态的移植的驱动力形成的政府行为的观点被做了。它分析活跃驱动力(因素) 和否定力量(因素) ，并且指出预定和在干旱陆地实现生态的迁居的步骤。理论曲线表达某些创见和适用性，它为为实现生态的迁居工程评估生态的降级和理论底的度提供一个量的方法。

关键词：生态迁移临界值驱动力贫瘠地

Structural Adjustment of Oasis Agriculture in xinjiang

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chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2005年第3期3卷 29-33页

作者： Lei Jun1,2 & zhang xiaolei1 1 xinjiang institute of ecology and geography, chinese academy of sciences,urumqi 830011,china 2 institute of geography Science and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101.china xinjiang institute of ecology and geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China institute of geography Science and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

xinjiang’s oasis agriculture has made enormous strides over past decades. Structural adjustment of oasis agriculture sector has promoted production diversification. xinjiang’s oasis agriculture sector is entering a new era. The era means more adjustments in oasis agricultural and rural economic structure so as to realize the sustainable development of agriculture. By summing and analyzing the main problems in Xinjinag’s oasis agricultural structure, such as raising farmer’s income, industry structure within agriculture, rural urbanization, pressure coming from market, agricultural environment degradation, puts forward the thinking, director and countermeasures to adjust oasis agricultural structure.

关键词： oasis agriculture structural adjustment agricultural industrialization xinjiang

Expansion of ürümqi urban area and its spatial differentiation

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Science china Earth sciences 2007年第S1期 159-168页

作者： DONG Wen1,2, zhang xiaolei1, WANG Bin1,2 & DUAN ZuLiang1,2 1 xinjiang institute of ecology and geography, chinese academy of sciences, ürümqi 830011, china 2 Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china

The expanded area and structure of urban lands and landscape features in ürümqi City are analyzed using RS and GIS means based on the MSS image in 1975 and the TM images in 1990, 1999 and 2002, as well as other related maps. On which the scale, intensity and spatial differentiation of the expansion of the ürümqi urban area during different periods are lucubrated. The results reveal that urban expansion was rapid during the periods of 1949―1965 and 1975―1990, and that it was stable after the 1990s. The urban expansion pattern was significantly different during different time periods: the urban area was expanded outwards based on old districts in a spanned development pattern during the period of 1949―1965; development was stagnant during the period of 1965―1975; urban expansion developed mainly in old districts in a grouped way during the period of 1975―1990. The trend of urban expansion along the traffic lines was obvious, and the direction of urban expansion was dominated by the south-north zonal expansion and supplemented by east-west axial expansion; urban expansion reached the development stage of "multiple centers and multiple districts" after the 1990s, and urban networks were developed more precisely after this time. The sources for urban expansion were mainly cultivated lands, grasslands and unused lands; during urban expansion, the land area devoted to traffic lines, residential areas, dispersive industrial and mineral areas, and garden plots was rapidly enlarged.

关键词： RS & GIS urban land spatial differentiation expansion intensity and pattern

Analysis on the coupling law between economic development and the environment in ürümqi city

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Science china Earth sciences 2007年第S1期 149-158页

作者： WANG HongWei1,2, zhang xiaolei1, WEI ShanFeng3 & KANG Hong4 1 xinjiang institute of ecology and geography, chinese academy of sciences, ürümqi 830011, china 2 Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china 3 china National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100029, china 4 xinjiang Environmental Monitoring Station, ürümqi 830011, china

The inter-coupling relationship between urban economic development and the ecological environment refers to the total of interactive, inter-influenced and other non-linear relations between economic and environmental systems in the course of economic development. Taking ürümqi, an oasis city in arid region, as an example, we collected the data of environmental quality & pollutants discharge and information on economic development in the 20 years, analyzed the correlation between the two, con-ducted a fitted regression with quadratic and cubic equations, and acquired 14 mathematic models that could describe the relationship between the environment and economic development. The results show that there exists a coordinated and interactive relationship between the environment and economic development. On the basis of these quantity analyses, conceptional frame model is built to explain the fundamental basis of this environmental coupling in ürümqi city. Both a quantitative analysis of the coupling law and a good command of the internal law between them are useful for making com-prehensive decisions about the environment and economic development and harmonizing the urban sustainable development.

关键词： oasis city ürümqi environmental Kuznets curve coupling law

Spatiotemporal characteristics of the expansion of an urban agglomeration and its effect on the eco-environment: Case study on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains

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Science china Earth sciences 2019年第9期62卷 1461-1472页

作者： Chuanglin FANG Qian GAO xiaolei zhang Weiguo CHENG institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Resources and Environmental Science Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 China xinjiang institute of ecology and geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China

Urban agglomerations, which are highly integrated urban groups, form during the advanced stages of industrialization and urban development. The urban agglomeration on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is one of the 19 urban agglomerations promoted by china’s 13th Five-Year Plan and a key area of urbanization in xinjiang. Based on remote sensing data, we analyzed the expansion of construction land in the urban agglomeration on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and its effect on ecological value in 1980–2015. The results show that the expansion of construction land significantly affected ecological value in the study area over the past 35 years. Among land use types, grassland was the dominant contributor to changes in ecological value;its contribution rate reached 66.27% with an interannual variation of only 5%. The contribution rate of urban and rural residential land along with industrial and mining lands was very low(0.82%), while the interannual variation was large(86%). The area of construction land in the urban agglomeration expanded from 1,067 to 2,586 km^2, and the conversions of different land use types had different effects on ecological value. Among land use types, the conversions of lowcoverage grassland and dry land made the largest contributions to changes in ecological value. During the study period, a total of 1,685 km^2 of ecological land, 69.91% of which belonged to cultivated land and grassland, was converted into construction land.A total area of 1,082 km^2 of dry land and low-coverage grassland was converted into construction land, accounting for 64.21% of the total ecological land that was converted into construction land. In 2000–2015, the area of urban construction land increased significantly along with the proportion of unused land, including gobi(172 km^2), bare land(65 km^2), and salt-affected land(65 km^2), being converted into construction land. In contrast, the area of construction land that was converted into ecol

关键词： Urban agglomeration Tianshan Mountains Spatial expansion Temporal and spatial evolution Ecological environmental effect

Regional Structure and Spatial Morphology Characteristics of Oasis Urban Agglomeration in Arid Area——A Case of Urban Agglomeration in Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains,Northwest china

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chinese Geographical Science 2009年第4期19卷 341-348页

作者： zhang Yufang YANG Degang zhang Xinhuan DONG Wen zhang xiaolei xinjiang institute of ecology and geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

It is great important to the health development of urban agglomeration to correctly understand the formation and development law of regional structure of urban *** the analysis methods like fractal theory and quantitative statistics,coupling with the use of remote sensing images and other spatial data,this article discusses the urban agglomeration of oasis on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in an arid area,and conducts the researches on its city scale,spatial distribution and individual form from 1990 to *** result shows that it has loose hierarchical scale structure and polarization trend of population distribution while its hierarchical scale structure tends to *** the influence of natural conditions,the spatial layout of urban agglomeration of oasis has macro characteristics that suggest cities distributed along oasis edges(dense or sparse),spatially expand along rivers,and cluster around traffic *** connectivity among the cities is high and shows an internal organization form of a banding *** whole spatial shape of the internal structure of cities presents a "dumbbell" form,with mononuclear phenomenon receding and multi-nuclear appearing *** cities spatially expand along rivers,portraying a long strip *** indicates that the urban agglomeration of oasis shows regular and close structure but with a tendency to be complicated form and the loose *** the development of urban agglomeration,the authors recommend that the development of the city with good economic development conditions should be strengthened,and more attention be put into regional planning.

关键词： fractal theory scale structure urban agglomeration of oasis Tianshan Mountains

Urban Water Resource Utilization Efficiency in china

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chinese Geographical Science 2015年第6期25卷 684-697页

作者： SHI Tiange zhang xiaolei DU Hongru SHI Hui xinjiang institute of ecology and geography Chinese Academy of Sciences University of chinese academy of sciences

The efficient use of water resources directly affects environmental, social, and economic development; therefore, it has a significant impact on urban populations. A slacks-based measure for data envelopment analysis （SBM-DEA） has been widely used in energy efficiency and environmental efficiency analyses in recent years. Based on this model, data from 316 cities were examined and a category method was employed involving three different sorting techniques to empirically evaluate the efficiency of urban water re- source utilization in china between 2000 and 2012. The overall efficiency （OE） of urban water resource utilization in china was initially low, but has improved over the past decade. The scale efficiency （SE） was higher than the pure technological efficiency （PTE）; PTE is a major determining factor of OE, and has had an increasingly significant effect. The efficiency of water resource utilization varied ac- cording to the region, urban scale, and economic function. The OE score for the eastern china was higher than for the rest of the region, and the OE score for the western china was higher than for the central china. The OE score for urban water resource utilization has improved with urban expansion, except in the case of small cities. The SE showed an inverted U-shaped＇ trend with increasing urban expansion. The OE of urban water utilization in comprehensive functional cities was greater than in economic specialization cities, and was greater in heavy industry specialization cities than in other specialization cities. This study contributes to the field of urban water resource management by examining variations in efficiency with urban ~ezle

关键词： urban water resource utilization efficiency urban scale undesirable outputs a slacks-based measure for data envelopmentanalysis (SBM-DEA) china

Decomposition of energy-related carbon emissions in xinjiang and relative mitigation policy recommendations

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第1期9卷 65-76页

作者： Changjian WANG xiaolei zhang Fei WANG Jun LEI Li zhang State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Fujian Urban & Rural Planning Design institute Fuzhou 350003 China

Regional carbon emissions research is necessary and helpful for china in realizing reduction targets. The LMDI I （Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index I） technique based on an extended Kaya identity was conducted to uncover the main five driving forces for energy-related carbon emissions in xinjiang, an important energy base in china. Decomposition results show that the affluence effect and the population effect are the two most important contributors to increased carbon emissions. The energy intensity effect had a positive influence on carbon emissions during the pre-reform period, and then became the dominant factor in curbing carbon emissions after 1978. The renewable energy penetration effect and the emission coefficient effect showed important negative but relatively minor effects on carbon emissions. Based on the local realities, a comprehensive suite of mitigation policies are raised by considering all of these influencing factors. Mitigation policies will need to significantly reduce energy intensity and pay more attention to the regional economic development path. Fossil fuel substitution should be considered seriously. Renewable energy should be increased in the energy mix. All of these policy recommendations, if implemented by the central and local government, should make great contributions to energy saving and emission reduction in xinjiang.

关键词： carbon emissions xinjiang index decomposition analysis mitigation policy recommendations

Co-adaptation between modern oasis urbanization and water resources exploitation:A case of urumqi

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chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第A1期51卷 189-195页

作者： DU Hongru zhang xiaolei WANG Bin xinjiang institute of ecology and geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China institute of geography Science and Natural Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

水资源利用在在干旱地区的整个绿洲都市化期间总是是很重要的，与在矛盾和协作之间的城市的开发适应。作为一个盒子，水利用的合作改编和城市的生长拿 urumqi 城市被在水供应和绿洲城市之间的相互作用模仿“ s 阐述人口，经济和环境。... 详细信息

水资源利用在在干旱地区的整个绿洲都市化期间总是是很重要的，与在矛盾和协作之间的城市的开发适应。作为一个盒子，水利用的合作改编和城市的生长拿 urumqi 城市被在水供应和绿洲城市之间的相互作用模仿“ s 阐述人口，经济和环境。在不同都市化阶段，合作改编能不同地被代表，它能被五个阶段总结：基本协作，膨胀协作，膨胀矛盾，适应矛盾，和适应协作。水消费的费用，水使用和效率的比例是主要影响因素帮助合作改编。

关键词：绿洲城市水资源开发互相适应案例研究新疆